Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.9, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # ISP-Myanmar Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://ispmyanmar.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Managing the Margins: China’s Risk Calculus in Myanmar’s Civil War](https://ispmyanmar.com/managing-the-margins-chinas-risk-calculus-in-myanmars-civil-war/) - This paper attempts an explanation using a risk-management assessment approach. It posits that China engages with EAOs in Myanmar based on risk management, which is actor-specific, time-bound and reversible since its primary goals are border stability and safeguarding its strategic and economic interests in Myanmar. - [How to Navigate Myanmar’s Energy and Fuel Crisis?](https://ispmyanmar.com/how-to-navigate-myanmars-energy-and-fuel-crisis/) - The ongoing fuel crisis is falling disproportionately on grassroots communities and the working class. The wider implications are considerable. Economic growth could slow further, poverty could deepen, and the risks of outright economic collapse or prolonged structural decline cannot be ruled out. - [The Impact of the Conflict Economy: The Fragmented Land of Karen State](https://ispmyanmar.com/impact-of-conflict-economy-on-karen-state-the-fragmented-land-of-the-frog-drum/) - Now, eight decades after the revolution began, it appears they are destroying their own identity and characteristics due to the conflict economy. - [Between Two Giants: How China and India Maneuver in Myanmar for Security, Economy and Influence](https://ispmyanmar.com/op2026-05/) - The Min Aung Hlaing administration is increasingly looking to New Delhi for political and military leverage, even as it remains tethered to Beijing’s inescapable influence. - [Bridge Education Program (Next Generation)](https://ispmyanmar.com/bridge-education-program-next-generation/) - ISP-Myanmar has just started the Bridge Education Program (Next Generation) on June 29, 2026. There were a total of 202 applicants. This year, we've seen not only young people residing in the country but also young Myanmar people who have reached foreign countries for various reasons applying. Due to limited resources, we could only select 50 of all those who applied to receive the training. - [Bridge Education Program (Batch-8)](https://ispmyanmar.com/bep-8/) - ISP-Myanmar has just started the Bridge Education Program Batch-8 on April 29, 2025. There were a total of 245 applicants. This year, we've seen not only young people residing in the country but also young Myanmar people who have reached foreign countries for various reasons applying. Due to limited resources, we could only select 50 of all those who applied for this program. - [Will Myanmar Regain Its Seat at ASEAN Summits?](https://ispmyanmar.com/will-myanmar-regain-its-seat-at-asean-summits/) - The 48th ASEAN Summit maintained its bar on Myanmar's political representation. - [Atrocities from the Sky](https://ispmyanmar.com/atrocities-from-the-sky/) - Part two of our post-coup decline series exposes the reality of aerial warfare waged against civilians. - [The Collapsing State Apparatus](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-collapsing-state-apparatus/) - This third installment of the post-coup decline series examines the severe decay of the administrative state apparatus and its institutional failure to serve the public. - [A Lost Generation and a Futureless Nation](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-lost-generation-and-a-futureless-nation/) - Part four of the post-coup decline series explores how mass displacement, conflict ravages, and compounding socioeconomic crises are actively stripping an entire generation of its future. - [A Fragile Peace](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-fragile-peace/) - The final installment of our post-coup decline series analyzes the complete breakdown of the peace process and the reality of a fractured nation. - [Tin Exports to China Drop to 10-Year Low](https://ispmyanmar.com/tin-exports-to-china-drop-to-10-year-low/) - According to data from China’s General Administration of Customs (GACC), Myanmar’s tin exports to China plummeted to a ten-year low in 2025. - [Six Million: Half of Myanmar’s Students Are Shut Out of School](https://ispmyanmar.com/sb2026-01/) - At the start of the 2026–2027 academic year, more than 6.3 million school-age children and young people are left out of school, losing their right to a basic education due to various reasons. Let alone aspiring to a high quality education, Myanmar’s education system is grappling with a far more fundamental crisis: ensuring access to basic education. - [Statement on the Wrongful Detention of U Min Zin](https://ispmyanmar.com/statement-on-the-wrongful-detention-of-u-min-zin/) - The Institute for Strategy and Policy-Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is deeply troubled by the wrongful detention of our Executive Director, U Min Zin, by the People’s Republic of China. ISP-Myanmar calls for the immediate and unconditional release of U Min Zin, who was detained while traveling to Kunming, China, for the sole purpose of attending an academic workshop. - [Resistance Forces’ Control Areas  Expanded After Operation 1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp021/) - Due to Operation 1027 and subsequent battles, Myanmar Armed Force has suffered significant territorial losses across the country. - [Kyar Phyant  Scam Continues Their Operations](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp020/) - After crackdowns on Kyar Phyant (online scam) compounds such as Shwe Kokko and KK Park in Karen State, many operations relocated to nearby villages. - [Mining Sites in KNU/KNLA Brigade Territories](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp019/) - The Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army (KNU/KNLA) is organized into seven brigades, three of which—Brigades 5, 6, and 7—are based in Karen State. - [MAF Regains Control of Most Trade Routes in Karen State](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp018/) - A section-by-section view of Asian Highway No. 1, which runs for about 169 kilometres through Karen State, shows that the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) controls four of its five sections. - [India's Myanmar Dilemma - Junta Chief Turned President's Maiden Visit Raise Doubts on Democratic Credentials](https://ispmyanmar.com/indias-myanmar-dilemma-junta-chief-turned-presidents-maiden-visit-raise-doubts-on-democratic-credentials/) - By hosting Mr. Hlaing, did India tarnish its own historical legacy, rooted in championing democratic inclusion, social justice and human rights? Just a cursory statement of concern on Nobel Laureate Suu Kyi's incarceration, converted to house arrest, is tragic given the widespread disquiet over her well-being. - [The Analysis of Conflict Economy in Karen State](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-analysis-of-conflict-economy-in-karen-state/) - Currently, the conflict situation has reached a stalemate level where neither side can win or lose. However, each armed group will strive to strengthen their standing, signaling that the region is heading toward a protracted conflict. - [Nearly 20,000 Battles Within Five Years](https://ispmyanmar.com/nearly-20000-battles-within-five-years/) - Along with its "100-day plan," the Min Aung Hlaing administration has repeatedly proclaimed that it will accelerate national development, including peace and economic recovery. - [The Impact of the Conflict Economy: The Scars of Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-impact-of-the-conflict-economy-the-scars-of-northern-shan-30-minutes-with-the-isp/) - When people face such dire situations, they initially voice their dissatisfaction and protest (“Voice”). When that fails to bring change, they simply abandon the region and leave (“Exit”). If they cannot leave, they are forced to silently endure and adapt to the system (“Loyalty”). Like vegetables thrown into a jar of pickles, they turn sour alongside everything else—doing whatever it takes, chasing the money, and simply surviving. - [Bilateral Ceasefires: Fragmentation of Elusive Peace Process in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/bilateral-ceasefires-fragmentation-of-elusive-peace-process-in-myanmar/) - Myanmar has been struggling protracted multi-party conflicts since its independence in 1948 with a varying degree of intensity. Since the February 2021 coup, Myanmar’s conflict and negotiation landscape has shifted dramatically. - [The Impact of the Conflict Economy: The Scars of Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-impact-of-the-conflict-economy-the-scars-of-northern-shan/) - When people face such dire situations, they initially voice their dissatisfaction and protest ("Voice"). When that fails to bring change, they simply abandon the region and leave ("Exit"). If they cannot leave, they are forced to silently endure and adapt to the system ("Loyalty"). Like vegetables thrown into a jar of pickles, they turn sour alongside everything else—doing whatever it takes, chasing the money, and simply surviving. - [KNA Controls Key Locations of Myanmar-Thailand Border Trade](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp015/) - The Karen National Army (KNA) controls crucial locations for Myanmar-Thailand border trade in Karen State. However, alternative trade routes such as the Htawtkawkoe route, Kyat Ou Taung route and Road 1018 are shared and controlled by the KNA along with other Karen armed groups. - [Six Refugee Camps Bordering Karen State](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp014/) - Nine refugee camps are situated along the Myanmar-Thailand border, six of which fall within the stretch bordering Karen State. - [The KNU Controls 37 Percent of the Myanmar-Thailand Border Line](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp013/) - Since the 2021 coup, the Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army (KNU/KNLA) has focused primarily on expanding control along the Myanmar-Thailand border rather than pushing deeper into the mainland. - [Fragmentation of Armed Group-Backed Kyar Phyant Scam Syndicates](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp012/) - Following the crackdown on KK Park, Kyar Phyant (online scam) syndicates have splintered into smaller networks. - [Junta Regains Control of Major Trade Routes](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp010/) - In September 2025, the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) recaptured Asian Highway No. 1 from the Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army (KNU/KNLA). - [Clashes and Airstrikes Along Karen State’s Trade Routes](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp011/) - In 2024 and 2025, the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) and the Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army (KNU/KNLA)fought for control of major trade routes in Karen State. - [Myanmar-China Border Trade Under MNDAA Control](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp016/) - The Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) now controls most of the key Myanmar–China trade routes, border gates, and economic hubs. - [MNDAA: The Key Player to Resuming Myanmar-China Border Trade](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026pcet-03/) - The MNDAA now controls the largest number of Myanmar–China border trade gates and routes in northern Shan State. This raises the possibility that tripartite talks between China, the Min Aung Hlaing administration, and the MNDAA could emerge as a mechanism to restart border trade. - [Townships Declared Under Martial Law](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp017/) - On April 23, 2026, Min Aung Hlaing declared martial law in 60 townships. This includes five townships from Kachin State, three townships from Kayah (Karenni) State, two townships from Karen State, seven townships from Chin State, 14 townships from Rakhine State, ... - [Karenni Nationalities Defense Force (KNDF)](https://ispmyanmar.com/karenni-nationalities-defense-force-kndf/) - The KNDF’s organizational policy was drafted on June 7, 2021, and a steering committee was formed to set KNDF policies. KNDF members include former politicians, Karenni nationalist youth activists, university students, and middle-aged people working in various sectors. - [People's Defense Army (Mandalay) (MDY-PDF)](https://ispmyanmar.com/peoples-defense-army-mandalay-mdy-pdf/) - The MDY-PDF is under the chain of command of the Ministry of Defense of the National Unity Government. However, they operate under independent leadership in certain aspects and operations, given their geographical distance from the command areas of the military regions established by the NUG. - [Bamar People’s Liberation Army (BPLA)](https://ispmyanmar.com/bamar-peoples-liberation-army-bpla/) - The Bamar People's Liberation Army (BPLA) commander-in-chief, Maung Saungkha, has been an activist for freedom of expression since before the coup. He was a leading member of the committee for the revocation of Section 66(d) of the Telecommunications Law enacted on October 17, 2013. He also served as the executive director of Athan Myanmar. - [100-Day Plan: Expectations vs. Realities](https://ispmyanmar.com/op2026-03/) - The Min Aung Hlaing administration’s “100-Day Plan” is rather lackluster. Emerging at a time of limited administrative capacity, these policies are overly generalized and lack substance. Most importantly, they do not include crucial measures for economic recovery. - [Justice Under Martial Law Reloaded](https://ispmyanmar.com/op2026-04/) - The martial-law order issued after the new administration proclaimed itself an elected government laid bare the realities of Myanmar’s political landscape. In 60 of the country’s 330 townships—more than 18 percent nationwide—it formally transferred judicial authority directly into military hands. - [Making the Women’s Pillar a Real Thing in the SCEF](https://ispmyanmar.com/making-the-womens-pillar-a-real-thing-in-the-scef/) - All actors within SCEF carry a shared responsibility to ensure that none of the three pillars, and particularly the Women’s Pillar, is reduced to a secondary or symbolic role. Failure to do so would risk reverting to the familiar and inadequate two-pillar dynamic dominated by EROs and the NUG. - [A Dozen Parallel Administrations in Shan State](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026gt-02/) - With at least 12 competing administrative bodies operating across Shan State, the effective functioning of governance is increasingly undermined. This leaves local communities to navigate with growing confusion. - [49 Inter-EAO Conflict Incidents Recorded in Northern Shan State](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp009/) - Since Operation 1027, there have been at least 49 recorded conflicts among Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) in northern Shan State. - [TNLA Controls 11 Out of 31 Mineral Mines in Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp008/) - There are 12 types of mineral resources produced in northern Shan State, including lead, silver, coal, and gold, with 31 mining sites in total. - [Over 30 Toll Gates on the Main Myanmar-China Trade Route](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp007/) - At least 30 toll gates are located along the main Myanmar-China trade routes, which are negotiated, shared, and controlled by the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) and various Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs). - [Min Aung Hlaing’s Loyalists Dominate Parliamentary Committees](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026st-03/) - Hluttaw committees play a crucial role in checking and balancing the mandate and power of those in authority. Min Aung Hlaing is indirectly restricting the parliament's capacity to hold the executive branch accountable by installing his loyalists as chairpersons of these committees. - [The Narcotics Domestication: Myanmar’s Next Generation at Risk](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-narcotics-domestication-myanmars-next-generation-at-risk/) - Myanmar cannot afford to let a generation sink into a narcotics quagmire. It stains the country’s standing abroad and degrades political life at home. Illicit drug economy can warp—and, over time, corrode—the wider economy. Socially, they will fracture families and communities. Politically, they risk prolonging the civil war. Strategically, they create vulnerabilities that invite meddling—like flies drawn to an open wound. This episode’s discussion aims to put that threat squarely on the table, and to do so with the seriousness it demands. - [Myanmar’s New Anti-Money-Laundering Law: Targeting Scammers or Political Opponents?](https://ispmyanmar.com/op2026-02/) - Three months before parliament convened, the junta leader amended or enacted at least 19 laws; in the first three and a half months of 2026, the total reached at least 22. These newly amended and enacted laws could become weapons to consolidate his power for newly elected President Min Aung Hlaing when he assumes the presidency. - [Rethinking India-Myanmar Relations Through the Borderlands](https://ispmyanmar.com/rethinking-india-myanmar-relations-through-the-borderlands/) - Since the 2021 military coup, New Delhi has maintained a cautious engagement with the Myanmar junta, guided by its security concerns, strategic and economic stakes, and the need to counter China’s growing influence in the country. Yet on the ground, a different relationship is unfolding, one that is shaped by borderland communities and deeply interdependent local economies. - [Iran War Impact on Myanmar Opens Up Opportunity for India](https://ispmyanmar.com/iran-war-impact-on-myanmar-opens-up-opportunity-for-india/) - As a major oil refining hub and the world’s fourth-largest refining nation, India will look to bolster Myanmar's limited refining capacity, as the country relies heavily on imports of refined petroleum products. - [Naypyitawlogy Outlook: Regime Alteration and Four Equilibriums to be Watched](https://ispmyanmar.com/ol2026-01/) - As he prepares to assume a civilian role, the central question is whether he can firmly control the four main pillars of the ruling system—the armed forces, the government, parliaments (Hluttaw), and the USDP—and thereby consolidate his power. - [Partners in Crime?](https://ispmyanmar.com/partners-in-crime/) - The junta, beleaguered in conflict, selects battlefield allies based on three criteria: a deep patron-client relationship, complete local control, and adherence to its political agenda. - [Who will lead the future Myanmar military, speculating from the remaining five generals?](https://ispmyanmar.com/who-will-lead-the-future-myanmar-military-speculating-from-the-remaining-five-generals/) - Because the coup leader tends to do unexpected things and prioritizes loyalty over competence, it is certain that many unexpected changes in military positions will occur before and after the elections organized by the State Security and Peace Commission. - [Myanmar's Military Leader's Costly Diplomacy](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-military-leaders-costly-diplomacy/) - These manoeuvres reveal an elite-led, state-centric approach to crisis management – one focused on political survival, international legitimacy, and elite interests, rather than broad-based economic recovery or meaningful social development. - [A World War II Road Can Reshape North Myanmar and Northeast India's Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-world-war-ii-road-can-reshape-north-myanmar-and-northeast-indias-economy/) - The fact is, Ledo Road's reopening will be a game-changer for the landlocked Northeastern India, offering unparalleled business opportunities, as it connects three economies, including the world's second and fourth largest ones. - [US-Bangladesh Strategic Collaboration on Myanmar and Its Implications for India](https://ispmyanmar.com/us-bangladesh-strategic-collaboration-on-myanmar-and-its-implications-for-india/) - Interestingly, it has been reported that Washington has been secretly working on a plan to launch a Bangladesh-backed clandestine operation in Myanmar. U.S. officials quietly met AA and Chin National Front representatives in Bangladesh last April as part of a broader strategy to confront Myanmar's military junta in Rakhine State and beyond before the December general election. - [Southeast Asia's Shadowy World of Cyber Crime - an Indian Perspective](https://ispmyanmar.com/southeast-asias-shadowy-world-of-cyber-crime-an-indian-perspective/) - A parliamentary committee wants the central government to criminalize illegal recruitment practices as a deterrence because cyber fraud has become an epidemic in India. - [Can Myanmar's Private Security Contractors Secure India's Strategic Interests?](https://ispmyanmar.com/can-myanmars-private-security-contractors-secure-indias-strategic-interests/) - The information of the Government of India quietly contemplating the appointment of private security contractors to protect Indian investment interests in Myanmar comes as no surprise, since the tactically drained Tatmadaw cannot guarantee absolute security to project sites and personnel working therein. - [Myanmar's Controversial General Election - an Indian Perspective](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-controversial-general-election-an-indian-perspective/) - Another interesting development that coincided with Myanmar's election was the presence of anti-junta resistance groups from Karenni and Rakhine States in the Indian capital, perhaps as an atonement for ditching ethnic resistance groups in 1998 - in the infamous Operation Leech - which foiled the first ever serious attempt to form a Rakhine nationalist resistance against the military junta. - [Commemorating the Karen Revolution at 77 - From Resistance to Federal Statecraft](https://ispmyanmar.com/commemorating-the-karen-revolution-at-77-from-resistance-to-federal-statecraft/) - For the KNU and the Karen Revolution now, the cost of inaction will not be borne by one people alone. It will be borne by an entire generation of all peoples. In short, it should be clear to the Karen people and the KNU that the 77th anniversary is not only a moment of remembrance. It is a strategic pause. Reaffirming the fact that the Karen Revolution is a fight for a political order that prevents its return, the KNU should look to transform itself from a fighting resistance organization to also becoming a wartime governing body of Karen state, the Government of Karen people and all people who live in Kawthoolei. - [Myanmar's Uncurbed Drugs Menace Consuming India Too](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-uncurbed-drugs-menace-consuming-india-too/) - Such massive proliferation of narcotics is triggering health emergencies, including high HIV prevalence. Therefore, drugs are no longer a law-and-order issue, but a social crisis. - [Why are the symbolic “Htamein” protests still being a showcase, instead of a key agenda of the struggle?](https://ispmyanmar.com/why-are-the-symbolic-htamein-protests-still-being-a-showcase-instead-of-a-key-agenda-of-the-struggle/) - Gender equality struggles also differ from labor or livelihood struggles: they are often perceived as identity issues rather than as materially urgent ones. This makes grassroots mobilization inherently more difficult. - [Reconsidering NLD Political Practice and Its Implications for the NUG](https://ispmyanmar.com/reconsidering-nld-political-practice-and-its-implications-for-the-nug/) - Yet the NLD's political imagination has long been shaped by a conception of the Union that is centralized, cohesive, and guided from the top. Federalism, in this view, is not rejected outright, but it is deferred and treated as something to be addressed after democracy is secured. - [Junta Closed Cases En Masse Twice in Four Months](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026st-02/) - On November 26, 2025, the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) closed cases against more than 5,500 people charged under Section 505A, including those tried in absentia. On March 2, 2026, it repeated the move, closing cases against more than 12,000 people charged under the Counter-Terrorism Law, again including those tried in absentia. - [Global Oil Shock and Myanmar’s Energy Security ](https://ispmyanmar.com/op2026-01/) - Myanmar’s energy security is so vulnerable that it can be easily compromised. Around 95 percent of total fuel demand is met through imports, while domestic production accounts for only about five percent. - [The Last Arc of Humanity](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-last-arc-of-humanity/) - A generation raised on the dopamine hits of Likes and Shares has discovered that skill is optional. They have decided that attention is the only real currency and that any means used to obtain it are justified. - [Social Punishment, Social Justice, and Mob Mentality](https://ispmyanmar.com/social-punishment-social-justice-and-mob-mentality/) - In a context where the judicial system cannot be trusted, social punishment has its place. But when social punishment is replaced by social-media punishment, shaming campaigns and mob witch-hunts, the core of a survivor-centred approach is destroyed. - [The Myanmar Earthquake Crisis and the Indecisive Regime](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-myanmar-earthquake-crisis-and-the-indecisive-regime/) - Thirteen days on… soldiers are still seen passing bricks hand-to-hand… and the military leadership, for the most part, are visible touring disaster zones, greeting rescue teams and drifting from site to site. - [How to Save the Youth?](https://ispmyanmar.com/how-to-save-the-youth/) - For a young man in the city, every day feels like life on the run, aware that an “invitation” from death could come at any time. - [A Door the Military Leader Dares Not Open](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-door-the-military-leader-dares-not-open/) - An election and a functioning parliament would, in principle, force him to give up at least some of these positions, and with them, his current “one-man show”. - [Celebritizing Politicians](https://ispmyanmar.com/celebritizing-politicians/) - This celebrity culture has seeped into politics. The power of popular public figures acting as intermediaries between politics and the masses is now a visible feature of Myanmar’s political landscape. - [Prioritize Human Lives](https://ispmyanmar.com/prioritize-human-lives/) - Myanmar will only recover swiftly from this earthquake if CDM staff are recalled, hospitals that were closed are permitted to reopen, and international aid is used effectively. - [“A License to Kill” Has Emerged in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-emergence-of-a-licensed-armed-group-in-myanmar/) - After China concluded that the junta’s forces could no longer protect its interests in Myanmar, it likely pushed for its own security companies to step in…In a civil war marked by a chaotic mix of factions, the addition of new armed players will surely make an already complicated situation even messier. - [No More Beer in Rakhine](https://ispmyanmar.com/dry-rakhine-enjoying-moonshine/) - When the alcohol ban was first implemented in Rakhine, many residents praised the move, hoping the AA would lead the production of internationally compliant alcohol or beer. However, as the saying goes, “hoping in vain, the awaited never arrives.” - [Poverty Porn in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/poverty-porn-in-myanmar/) - In Myanmar’s society, where compassion and charitable giving are deeply ingrained values, people are particularly drawn to this form of gratification. - [ISP Column: Most Read and Engaged Columns 2025](https://ispmyanmar.com/columnt10s2025/) - The views and opinions expressed in these columns are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or positions of ISP-Myanmar; the editorial team applies only minimal editing and does not interfere with the authors’ views. - [We Don't Talk About Fight Club](https://ispmyanmar.com/we-dont-talk-about-fight-club/) - The reality is that the TNLA-KIA dispute cannot be brushed aside with lighthearted remarks about unity and a common enemy. Saying “we must unite” or "know your common enemy" is not enough if underlying tensions are not addressed. - [Revolution on the Fence](https://ispmyanmar.com/revolution-on-the-fence/) - Since the coup, several Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) have chosen to sit on the sidelines, observing the junta rather than engaging it in direct combat. Some have labeled these groups "free riders." - [Drug Seizures by Region](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp006/) - In terms of value, synthetic drugs such as Ice (Methamphetamine), Happy Water, Ketamine, and Ecstasy account for nearly 83 percent of total seizures. - [Highest Narcotic Seizures Recorded in Yangon Region](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp005/) - In 2025, the highest value of drug was seized in Yangon Region. In contrast, no seizures were recorded in Rakhine, Chin, and Kayah (Karenni) States. - [The Spirit is Willing, but the Flesh is Weak](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-spirit-is-willing-but-the-flesh-is-weak/) - Since the 2021 military coup, the military junta has prioritized its own ‘survival’ above all else. Efforts intended for the public's socioeconomic development and the provision of public goods have not yielded the expected results. - [Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA)](https://ispmyanmar.com/taang-national-liberation-army-tnla/) - The PSLF/TNLA organization initially established a political wing before establishing an armed force. The Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF) was formed on January 12, 1992, in Manerplaw, the headquarters area of ​​the Karen National Union (KNU). - [Personalistic Tyranny: The Constitutional Tribunal Amendment](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026gt-01/) - Curtailing the powers of the Hluttaw speakers has weakened the legislative check and balance over the Tribunal. Concurrently, the Tribunal’s power consolidates. - [The State of Myanmar: ISP–Myanmar’s Annual Strategic Review and Foresight 2025–2026](https://ispmyanmar.com/som2026/) - Domestic and international actors seeking a change toward federal democracy in Myanmar must now think strategically and prepare to act on three trends in 2026: the post-election landscape where the role of the fourth generation Tatmadaw becomes more prominent, the prospects for conflict de-escalation or ceasefires, and how to engage with eminent China’s role in Myanmar politics. - [At Least 32 Civilian Massacres Recorded in 2025](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp001/) - From February 2021 to December 2025, there have been 97 civilian massacre incidents nationwide—each claiming 10 or more civilian lives. - [75 New Scam Centers Detected](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp002/) - This period saw a significant geographic shift, with many syndicates relocating from the Myanmar-China border to central Shan State and major urban centers, including Yangon and Mandalay. - [KNA Controls Critical Border Trade Routes](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp004/) - The KNA has dispersed its forces across strategic positions in Myawaddy township, from Thin Gan Nyi Naung village to Shwe Kokko Myaing. - [Karen State’s Conflict Economy and KNA’s Rebranding](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026pet-02/) - As crackdowns on Kyar Phyant online scam networks widen, the KNA’s changes became a notable inflection point in Karen State’s increasingly entangled conflict economy. - [Junta Leader’s Constant Shake-Up: 50 Changes of RMC Commanders Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/st-05/) - The junta has increased the frequency of leadership changes across the 14 Regional Military Commands (RMCs), whose commanders oversee frontline military operations. While some changes followed battlefield setbacks, others occurred in commands that experienced relatively low levels of active fighting. - [Fourth-Generation Officers Rising to the Tatmadaw’s Top Ranks](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026st-01/) - Most Chiefs and BSO commanders who lead the General staff, Adjutant General, and Quartermaster General (G, A, and Q) operations, as well as Regional Military Commanders, are now all fourth-generation officers. - [FDI Dropped 74% Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026pet-01/) - With foreign investment drying up after the coup, the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) has invited new inflows—especially from China. - [AA’s Pursuit of Junta Arms Plants Looks Uncertain](https://ispmyanmar.com/st-04/) - As the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) scales back operations in northern Shan, it has intensified its campaign in the west, where the Arakan Army (AA) is facing sustained pressure along the Rakhine coast. Although the AA may attempt to seize the junta’s Defense Industry (KaPaSa) factories, holding such facilities would be difficult under current conditions. - [Regime Loses Control of an Estimated 38 Percent of Territory](https://ispmyanmar.com/2026mp003/) - While the armed forces of the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) recaptured 26 previously lost military bases, they still have not recovered the control of at least 150 others. - [Airstrikes Account for Over Half of Mass Killings](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-118/) - Since the coup, 95 documented civilian massacres have claimed at least 1,861 lives. Junta airstrikes were the most common method, accounting for 59 percent of these deaths. - [The Best of 2025: Our Audiences’ Top Picks](https://ispmyanmar.com/top10s2025/) - In this context, careful analysis and reliable data matter more than ever. This ISP Audiences’ Top Picks brings together the research and analysis published by ISP-Myanmar in 2025 that resonated most with our readers. - [Earthquake Diplomacy and Potential Political Aftershocks](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-23/) - When discussing earthquake disaster relief, it is crucial to follow the scientific and humanitarian experts and practitioners. In this On Point, ISP-Myanmar focuses on analysing the potential political aftershocks that could follow the immediate emergency relief. - [Threading the Needle: A Much-Needed Thai Model for Myanmar’s Political Puzzle](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-25/) - While Thailand appears to be gravitating toward China’s approach to the Myanmar crisis, at least five key contextual differences separate the two countries. - [Prospective 4th Generation Tatmadaw - Pathways to Reform or Further Regression?](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-27/) - During the critical 10 months from the launch of Operation 1027 in October 2023 to Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s visit to Naypyitaw in August 2024, the regime faced an unprecedented shock. - [Rakhine: A De Facto Rival Power Center](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-26/) - The AA is the only Ethnic Armed Organization (EAO) capable of launching offensives from Rakhine to Ayeyarwady, Magway, and Bago regions. - [O’ Northern Road: Subcontracting Sovereignty](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-24/) - The MNDAA would likely desire China’s guarantees and its capacity to monitor and mediate. If the Myanmar junta accepts this arrangement (orderly return of an occupied territory without a fight) managed by a superpower neighbor, it could be interpreted as an unprecedented approach in Myanmar’s conflict management: subcontracting sovereignty to an external actor, China. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino–Myanmar Relations - A Survey (2023) [Full Report]](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-china-survey-2023/) - The objective is to gather specific insights from key individuals within Myanmar’s policy communities to identify similarities and differences in their perceptions of the key factors influencing Sino–Myanmar relations. - [Facing the Tailspin, the Country Shall Fall Upside Down](https://ispmyanmar.com/facing-the-tailspin-the-country-shall-fall-upside-down/) - The survey, which spanned 110 townships and involved 1,000 participants, sought to gauge public sentiment on the law's chaotic effects and broader repercussions. - [Dual Burdens on Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/sar-dual-burdens-on-women/) - This survey, "Dual Burdens on Women", reports findings from March 2024 to August 2024, divided into five sections: Everyday Socioeconomic Hardships, Inflation and Commodity Crisis, Public Service Delivery, Drugs and Gambling, and Climate Crisis. - [Saving the Consensus: The Future of Multilateral Action on Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/pb-01/) - The erosion of the Five-Point Consensus (5PC) would open the door to a “might makes right” approach in Myanmar and across the region. Unless an alternative international consensus can be forged, Myanmar’s resistance stakeholders must continue to anchor their diplomacy to the 5PC, while ASEAN should combine its procedural diplomatic engagement with a more transactional, high-level political initiative. - [Regime Regains 11 Percent of Lost Ground in Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/sb-005/) - The State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) has regained control of 44.4 percent of the Mandalay–Muse trade route. However, the regime has so far reclaimed only about 11.3 percent—roughly 3,120 square miles (8,081 square kilometers)— of the northern Shan State territory lost after Operation 1027. - [Seizing Banmauk: An Unveiled Face of the Conflict Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/sb-004/) - Beyond a collaborative conquest by forces under the Military Region No. 1, the successful operation expands resistance’s control over gold mines and border trade routes—critical lifelines for sustaining the conflict economy and for financing their fight. - [China Moves First on Ledo Road](https://ispmyanmar.com/sb-003/) - India recently offered to renovate the Ledo Road through Myanmar. The signing of a new MoU suggests that Beijing is moving to secure the route before New Delhi acts. - [Education Access in Crisis: Nearly 7 Million Children Out of School](https://ispmyanmar.com/sb-002/) - Over half of Myanmar’s school‑age children, about 53 percent, are missing out on basic education. - [KNU now holds one-third of Myanmar-Thailand border](https://ispmyanmar.com/sb-001/) - The Karen National Union (KNU) has expanded its control of the Myanmar–Thailand frontier, now controlling nearly 500 miles (800 km) of the 1,500 miles (2,416 km) long border. - [Political Prisoners Make Up Only 13 Percent of Releases in 18 Amnesties](https://ispmyanmar.com/fu-03/) - International consensus on Myanmar centres on the release of all political prisoners, including Aung San Suu Kyi, and the start of inclusive dialogue. As the junta’s latest amnesty still excludes key political figures, pressure over political-prisoner releases is likely to persist. - [Junta’s Northern Offensive Regained Two Towns](https://ispmyanmar.com/fu-02/) - The regime has intensified operations against TNLA-held territories, reclaiming Nawnghkio and Kyaukme and advancing toward Mong Tin village on the Kyaukme–Mogoke road. Junta troops have also seized Yadana Theingi village on the Nawnghkio–Mogoke route. - [Fourth-Generation Generals Rise to the Heart of Power](https://ispmyanmar.com/fu-01/) - All generals overseeing military operations now belong to the Tatmadaw’s fourth generation. Commanders younger in age and cohort are in charge, with potential implications for operations nationwide. - [The Ta’ang Land Council’s Looming Challenges](https://ispmyanmar.com/gt-01/) - The PSLF/TNLA, which controls 10 townships within the northern Shan State and the Mandalay Region, has formed the Ta’ang Land Council (TLC). It is now confronting two key governance tests. - [Fractures Deepen Among Chin Resistance Groups](https://ispmyanmar.com/st-01/) - For Chin armed groups, this could exacerbate resource scarcity, threatening to derail any attempt to establish collective goals for the Chin. - [The SAC Ended, Power Grip Remains](https://ispmyanmar.com/st-02/) - In four and a half years, 33 individuals served as council members, with at least three generals and 14 civilian members removed. - [Potential Heirs: Kyaw Swar Lin and Company Debut in China](https://ispmyanmar.com/st-03/) - Of the five officers who accompanied the junta chief to China, three are seen as potential leaders of the Tatmadaw’s fourth generation, and were presented to Chinese leaders, firming up succession plan. - [Junta Leader Witnesses 7 MoU Deals in China](https://ispmyanmar.com/pet-01/) - Of the agreements signed in China, two will face daunting implementation challenges, and the rest could bring modest benefits. Their greater significance may lie in Beijing’s conflict mediation efforts. - [At least 92 Incidents of Civilian Massacres Recorded in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/cst-01/) - Of these, 88 were carried out by the Myanmar junta, killing 1,723 civilians. Contrarily, resistance forces were responsible for four incidents, leaving 85 dead. - [Fortune and Risk: The KIO’s Rare Earth Dilemma](https://ispmyanmar.com/gt-02/) - Following a record decline in rare earth exports to China in 2025, the Chinese government exerted pressure on the KIO, and the KIO’s resource governance plays a key factor in political bargaining and power consolidation. - [Rising Trade Reporting Discrepancy](https://ispmyanmar.com/pet-02/) - More than USD 45 billion of the discrepancy has emerged since the 2021 coup. The widening gap reflects conflict-driven border instability, a surge in illegal rare earth mining and exports, and the expansion of Myanmar’s illicit economy. - [Myanmar Exported USD 620M Worth of Rare Earths to China in 2025](https://ispmyanmar.com/pet-03/) - Myanmar remains a major stakeholder in the global rare earth market. Per 2024 rare earth production records, China stands at the top with 61 percent, followed by Myanmar at 16 percent. Despite a downturn in exports to China in early 2025, Beijing’s drive for supply-chain security points to renewed expansion in Myanmar’s mining sector. - [95 Civilian Massacres Recorded Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/cst-02/) - Of these, 91 cases were committed by the Myanmar junta forces, killing 1,776 civilians. In contrast, resistance forces were responsible for four incidents, leaving 85 dead. These conditions indicate that the levels of civilian protection during conflict are extremely challenging. - [Federal Unit Governance in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/federal-unit-governance-in-myanmar/) - This workbook is intended to serve as a foundational resource for women, youth, emerging community leaders, civil society activists, students, and civil servants participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), as well as prospective administrators from EROs, emerging non-state actors, and political parties in Myanmar. - [Scam Cancer in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/scam-cancer-in-myanmar/) - Kyar Phyant isn’t just a cinematic narrative—it’s a real challenge for any nation, reemerging like whack-a-mole in various forms. In Myanmar, already fragile with internal strife, it adds further complexity to a volatile situation. - [Unearthing the Cost: Rare Earth Mining in Myanmar’s War-Torn Regions](https://ispmyanmar.com/unearthing-the-cost-rare-earth-mining-in-myanmars-war-torn-regions/) - Over the past eight years (from 2017 to 2024), Myanmar has become China’s primary external source of rare earth minerals, with a total Myanmar export value exceeding USD 4 billion. - [Myanmar’s rare earths: Cries behind critical minerals](https://ispmyanmar.com/cries-behind-critical-minerals/) - If a powerful neighbour like China—so visibly aligned with the spirit of the “Sangaha Principles” in its earthquake response—were to apply similarly high standards of responsibility and care in its mining ventures, it could pave the way for a more equitable arrangement that benefits both sides. - [Beyond Ballots: The Junta Chief’s Elite Management Strategy Ahead of Myanmar’s Elections](https://ispmyanmar.com/beyond-ballots-the-junta-chiefs-elite-management-strategy-ahead-of-myanmars-elections/) - As Myanmar’s junta-led elections approach in December, the junta leader, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, is consolidating his power and strategically managing the military elites to preserve his control. - [Regime Now Regains 44 Percent of the Mandalay–Muse Corridor](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-116/) - Following China’s intervention in April 2025, the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) regained control of Lashio. On June 15, 2025, it launched a counter-offensive on Nawnghkio, a town earlier seized by the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). - [Myanmar Remains a Major Rare Earth Exporter](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-remains-a-major-rare-earth-exporter/) - Myanmar continues to rank among the top suppliers of rare earths to China, accounting for more than half of China’s rare earth imports from abroad. In the first nine months of this year (up to September 2025), Myanmar’s rare earth exports to China were valued at USD 624 million. However, this marks a decline compared with the same period last year. - [Myanmar Conflict Declines in 2025](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-conflict-declines-in-2025/) - According to recent research, fighting has fallen by roughly one-third compared with last year. Airstrikes and civilian casualties have also declined. However, the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) continues to rise: this year alone, nearly 700,000 additional people have been forced from their homes. It remains unclear whether violence will keep decreasing under Chinese mediation or whether military intensity will escalate again around the election. - [Rising Myanmar-China Trade Reporting Discrepancy](https://ispmyanmar.com/rising-myanmar-china-trade-reporting-discrepancy/) - The discrepancy in reported trade values between Myanmar and China has exceeded USD 63 billion over the past eight fiscal years, with over USD 45 billion emerging after the 2021 military coup. This widening gap is likely driven by post-coup factors, such as surging rare earth exports to China, expanding territorial control by armed groups along the border, and the growth of the illicit economy. - [Battles Targeting the SSPC’s Defense Industry Factories](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-117/) - The Arakan Army (AA) and allied forces have been conducting offensives against the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) in the Ayeyarwady, Magway, and Bago regions since early 2025. - [Climate Shocks and Response Capacity in Myanmar - A Survey](https://interactive.ispmyanmar.com/climate-shock) - The findings reveal that nearly half of the surveyed townships faced multiple climate-related challenges, including droughts, floods, heavy rainfall from cyclones and typhoons, extreme heat, and landslides. These events caused substantial damage to agricultural outputs, severely affecting rural livelihoods in an economy largely dependent on agriculture. Despite the devastating impacts, communities remain largely helpless: neither military government institutions, the resistance, nor ethnic organizations can provide sufficient recovery support. - [Raising the Lantern's Wick High](https://interactive.ispmyanmar.com/blockage-survey) - Survey findings reveal that trade disruptions have caused shortages of daily consumer goods and basic medicines, and prices for these goods have increased by one and a half to twice, or even three or four times, in some areas. The healthcare sector has been hit hard, particularly due to medicine shortages, price surges, and difficult access to healthcare facilities. - [Junta Regains Nearly Half of the Mandalay–Muse Road](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0y6bCF3AT7g) - The junta regime is intensifying its counter-offensives in northern Shan State to regain territory lost during Operation 1027. The regime has recaptured Nawnghkio, Kyaukme, and Hsipaw from the TNLA, and—with China’s support—has also retaken Lashio. The gains are limited, but the towns regained are key urban hubs for Myanmar–China border trade. - [Public Resilience Has Its Limits](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p78g3Rl-_Us) - Crises triggered by conflict-related trade route blockades are placing a heavy burden on the public. Daily life is marked by growing hardship and scarcity. Compared with last year, 89 percent of respondents said they no longer meet their needs. - [COVID-19 Crisis in Myanmar: Does a War-like Preparation Serve the State Transformation?](https://ispmyanmar.com/covid-19-crisis-in-myanmar-does-a-war-like-preparation-serve-the-state-transformation/) - Application of war-like preparation and execution metaphors in fighting against COVID-19 does not mean a refutation of democracy and return to the dictatorship. - [COVID-19 Pandemic and a Conflict-sensitive Response](https://ispmyanmar.com/covid-19-pandemic-and-a-conflict-sensitive-response/) - Significantly, the Myanmar government adopted a policy of “leaving no one behind” in the fight against COVID-19 - [Armed Struggle - Will It Lead to Political Resolution?](https://ispmyanmar.com/armed-struggle-will-it-lead-to-political-resolution/) - The real test lies ahead. Can the resistance turn battlefield momentum into political achievement? Can fleeting victories be institutionalized into lasting gains? - [Call for Manuscripts for ISP Column](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column-submission-guidelines-policies/) - ISP Column covers a broad range of topics related to Myanmar’s conflict, peace and security, China Studies, political economy, politics, socio-economic, international relations, history, culture and literature, in order to foster thoughtful healthy debates and deliberation. - [From Noise to Voice: Encouraging Youth’s Perspectives](https://ispmyanmar.com/from-noise-to-voice-encouraging-youths-perspectives/) - ISP-Myanmar’s new program, ISP Column, aims to enrich and diversify the range of topics we cover. We invite external contributors to engage more deeply as today's readership spends more time online than in previous eras. This is not just about passive reading; we encourage active discussion and writing, broadening the scope beyond our usual subjects. In response to these demands, ISP-Myanmar has launched a new webpage, aiming for an open and free blogosphere environment. - [EAOs Control Two Myanmar-Thailand Border Trade Stations ](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-115/) - Of Myanmar’s seven official border trade stations with Thailand, Mese and Htee Khee stations now fall under the control of the Karenni Nationalities Defense Force (KNDF) and the Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army (KNU/KNLA). - [EAOs Still Control Nearly Half of the Mandalay-Muse Route](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-114/) - The stretch between Kyaukme and Hsipaw is held by the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) and Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP), while Hsipaw to Lashio is controlled by the TNLA, Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC). - [The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Third Wave and Human Security](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-covid-19-pandemics-third-wave-and-human-security/) - What Matter No. 23 (This article is a translation of the original Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on April 30, 2021.) The people of Myanmar have been fighting against a military dictatorship since the coup of February 1 and paying the price for their struggle. Concurrently, the third wave of the global COVID-19 - [Policy Recommendations for Solving the Challenges of the COVID-19 Third Wave Using International Humanitarian Assistance](https://ispmyanmar.com/policy-recommendations-for-solving-the-challenges-of-the-covid-19-third-wave-using-international-humanitarian-assistance/) - Only if everyone comes together to solve the pandemic that Myanmar is currently facing will the country be able to lessen the physical and mental trauma that will be experienced for generations. Humanitarian crises could stem from politics or could become worse because of politics. Therefore, the solution to the humanitarian crisis should eventually transition from a humanitarian emergency to more sustained solutions for the political crisis. Good examples of humanitarian response can be seen in Aceh after the 2004 tsunami and in Nepal after 2015 earthquake. Even if political solutions cannot be found immediately, all stakeholders should follow the recommendations mentioned above quickly since these will provide major support in saving people’s lives during the COVID-19 third wave in Myanmar. - [Omicron & Caution for Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/omicron-caution-for-myanmar/) - Four new cases with the new Omicron strain of COVID-19 have been found in Myanmar among recent international arrivals. The military council announced on December 28 that the infected individuals have been allowed to return home after the required quarantine period due to good health. - [Daily COVID-19 Transmission has Increased to Over 3,000 Cases](https://ispmyanmar.com/daily-covid-19-transmission-has-increased-to-over-3000-cases-data-matters-no-7/) - Within 5 days, between February 18, 2022 and February 22, 2022, daily average COVID-19 transmission has increased to 3,000 cases. According to official figures from MoH, COVID-19 transmission has peaked again in five months and the possibility of another wave is now increasingly likely. The Yangon Region is currently the most seriously affected area, with over 12,400 people infected as of February 22, 2022. Nationwide, 38 percent of all COVID-19 cases reported in February 2022 were from the heavily-populated Yangon Region. - [COVID-19 Transmission Peaks to Record High in Five Months](https://ispmyanmar.com/covid-19-transmission-peaks-to-record-high-in-five-months-data-matters-no-5/) - On December 28, 2021, the State Administration Council (SAC) announced the detection of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus, Omicron, in Myanmar. The SAC-controlled Ministry of Health (MoH) has since made 15 announcements regarding the presence of the Omicron variant, with 348 cases latest reported as of February 3, 2022. However, many people have been reported to have shown Omicron symptoms during the first two weeks of February, meaning Omicron is likely to be spreading more rapidly than official statistics suggest. - [Cyclone Mocha Trail and Myanmar’s Conflict Landscape](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-15/) - This map depicts Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs), local resistance forces, and the pre-existing IDP situations along the storm trail and the areas mainly affected by the storm. - [Naypyitawlogy](https://ispmyanmar.com/naypyitawlogy/) - Naypyitawlogy studies the shifts and climate of Naypyitaw’s generals and the State Administration Council (SAC). - [The Terror Twins of Climate and Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-v02n06/) - In times of conflict and climate change crises, Myanmar’s society urgently needs the emergence of everyday champions. - [Total 156 Townships Nationwide Experienced Airstrikes](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-70/) - Following the coup, the State Administration Council’s (SAC) troops conducted at least 7,186 airstrikes across the country during armed clashes. - [Over Six Percent of Myanmar’s Total Landmass Flooded](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-69/) - Floods submerged over 10 million acres, spanning 314 townships in Myanmar. - [Over 24 Percent of Cropland Flooded](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-68/) - From July 1 to September 23, 2024, floods submerged more than 10 million acres of land area across 314 townships (95 percent of total townships) in Myanmar. - [Over 5.6 Million People Experienced Flood](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-67/) - From July 1 to September 23, 2024, 5.6 million people across Myanmar faced floods. - [Central Myanmar Suffered the Worst](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-90/) - The “March 28 Sagaing Earthquake” of 2025 brought unprecedented devastation to central Myanmar. - [Airstrikes Continue Amid the Earthquake](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-91/) - Despite the severe devastation caused by the “March 28 Sagaing Earthquake,” the State Administration Council (SAC) has continued its airstrikes. - [Airstrikes Surpassed 160 After Mandalay-Sagaing Earthquake](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-92/) - Following the Mandalay-Sagaing Earthquake, the State Administration Council (SAC) has launched at least 160 aerial strikes, while 47 percent of these attacks occurred after the SAC announced a temporary ceasefire. - [Over 50 Percent of Massacres Caused by Airstrikes ](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-111/) - Out of 92 incidents of mass civilian deaths, defined as the killing of 10 or more civilians in a single event, 1,808 people were killed. Among them, 57 percent of these deaths were the result of the junta’s airstrikes. - [Rare Earth Export Routes in Kachin State](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-112/) - Raw rare earth minerals from mines controlled by the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) are currently exported to China via one formal border trade station and three informal border gates. - [Resistance Forces Secure Three Flanks of Banmauk](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-113/) - On September 20, resistance groups seized Banmauk town on the Kachin–Sagaing border, extending their control across the eastern, western, and southern parts of the township. - [Nine Junta Officials Visit China Within a Week](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feHL1mVHaps#new_tab) - Soon after the junta leader’s visit to China, nine officials from the State Security and Peace Commission (SSPC) made separate trips to the country. - [The Ledo Road: Geopolitics and the Challenge of Regional Connectivity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A84308Pe6jM#new_tab) - This route passes through Sadung and Kanpiketi—areas controlled by the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), which continues to fight against the central regime and operates along the historic Ledo Road. - [What's Really in the Junta's 7 New MoUs with China?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RZ9C-IG9VM#new_tab) - During junta leader Senior General Min Aung Hlaing’s visit to China, the two sides inked seven MOUs — a clear sign of Beijing’s growing backing for Myanmar’s embattled military regime amid ongoing nationwide conflict. - [The junta chief presented heirs in his Beijing visit](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vcxPiEGP6Y#new_tab) - The junta chief presented five generals on his visit to Beijing, foreshadowing the transition to the Tatmadaw's next generation. - [Civilian deaths are increasing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2zmmoiXAqA#new_tab) - Over the past four years, at least 92 incidents of mass civilian killings—defined as 10 or more deaths in a single event—have been documented nationwide, resulting in at least 1,808 civilian deaths. - [Myanmar's SCO Membership Bid: Its domestic and external implications ](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-sco-membership-bid-its-domestic-and-external-implications/) - For the ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) leading the resistance in Myanmar, this creates a challenge. If they are unable to amplify their longing for democracy and human rights, the junta will leverage the SCO's declaration on terrorism to brand the People's Defence Force and the larger resistance movement as terror actors posing a threat to the neighbourhood. - [သဘောထားကြေညာချက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-statement/) - ၁။ ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ ၁ ရက် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှုအပေါ် မြန်မာ့မဟာဗျူဟာနှင့် မူဝါဒလေ့လာရေးအင်စတီကျု (ISP-Myanmar) အနေဖြင့် ဆန့်ကျင်ကန့်ကွက်ပါသည်။ ထို့နည်းတူ စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းရန် မည်သည့် အကြောင်းပြချက်မျိုးကိုမျှ လက်သင့်မခံပါ။ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ ၁ ရက် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှု မဖြစ်ခင်အချိန်ကလည်း မည်သည့် နိုင်ငံရေးအကျပ် အတည်းမျိုး ရှိစေကာမူ အာဏာသိမ်းခြင်းကို ဆန့်ကျင်ကြောင်းနှင့် မလုပ်ဆောင်သင့်ကြောင်း သဘောထားမှတ်ချက်များ ပြုခဲ့ပြီးဖြစ်သည်။ ၂။ ၂၀၁၀ ပြည့်နှစ်တွင် စတင်ခဲ့သည့် နိုင်ငံရေးဖြေလျော့မှု (Political Liberalization) ဖြစ်စဉ်မှတဆင့် ဖက်ဒရယ်ပြည်ထောင်စုနှင့် ဒီမိုကရေစီတည်ဆောက်ရေး ဦးတည်ချက်များကို အရှိန်အဟုန်မြှင့်တင်ရမည့်အချိန်တွင် ယခုကဲ့သို့ စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းယူခဲ့ခြင်းသည် တိုင်းပြည်၏ နိုင်ငံရေးဖြစ်ထွန်းမှုအား နောက်ပြန်လန်ကျစေသည့် ဖြစ်ရပ်ဆိုးပင်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ထို့အတူ ၁၉၅၈ ခုနှစ်မှ စတင်ပြီး ယိုယွင်းပျက်ပြားခဲ့ရသည့် အရပ်ဘက်-စစ်ဘက် - [ISP-Myanmar’s Urgent Appeal](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-myanmars-urgent-appeal/) - (1) The Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) clearly expressed its protest against the military coup on February 1, 2021. In our public statement on February 5, we urged the junta to find a peaceful solution by means of political dialogue with key stakeholders in order to resolve all crises caused by the - [Call for the immediate release of Aung Myo Htet, a member of ISP-Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/call-for-the-immediate-release-of-aung-myo-htet-a-member-of-isp-myanmar/) - Date: April 20, 2021 1. Aung Myo Htet, a staff member of the Institute for Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar), was detained by state security forces while sitting in a tea shop in Kanbalu, Sagaing region on the morning of April 20. 2. The authorities have not given any reason for his detention and - [The Kanpiketi–Myitkyina–Pansaung Highway Project](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-110/) - The Kanpiketi–Myitkyina–Pansaung Highway Project envisions a highway linking Tengchong in Yunnan’s Baoshan Prefecture to Kanpiketi on the Kachin State border, then through Myitkyina and along the Ledo Road to Pansaung on the Myanmar–India border. - [Significant Territories Under The Resistance’s Hand](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-109/) - Following Operation 1027, resistance forces captured significant territory, leading the State Administration Council (SAC) to lose control of 98 towns and several key outposts. - [New Mon State Party (Anti-Military Dictatorship) (NMSP-AD)](https://ispmyanmar.com/new-mon-state-party-anti-military-dictatorship-nmsp-ad/) - The New Mon State Party (Anti-Military Dictatorship) (NMSP-AD) is a new armed force that broke away from its parent organization, the New Mon State Party (NMSP), which has been in the Mon armed resistance for over 66 years. - [United Wa State Party (UWSP)](https://ispmyanmar.com/united-wa-state-party-uwsp/) - The UWSA is the most financially strong ethnic armed organization, with revenue derived from operations in tin mining, rare earths, casinos, and other businesses in Northern Wa. - [United League of Arakan (ULA)](https://ispmyanmar.com/united-league-of-arakan-ula/) - The AA sent representatives to participate in the negotiations to sign the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) held under President Thein Sein. However, the Myanmar military stated that because the AA is a newly formed group that arose during the new government's term, it will only be permitted to participate in the peace process after disarmament. - [Karen National Union (KNU)](https://ispmyanmar.com/karen-national-union-knu/) - The KNU is the longest-standing Ethnic Armed Organization in Myanmar and was founded on February 5, 1947, by the Dawkalu Network, the Buddhist Karen National Association, the Karen Central Organization, and the Karen Youth Organization, which were at that time leading the Karen national movement. - [National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA)](https://ispmyanmar.com/national-democratic-alliance-army-ndaa/) - Areas under NDAA administration are also key areas for connecting projects under the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor, part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. However, NDAA-administered areas are not included in any details in formal agreements between China and Myanmar. - [People's Liberation Army (PLA)](https://ispmyanmar.com/peoples-liberation-army-pla/) - The People's Liberation Army (PLA) had been working on the establishment of an army even before the military staged the coup. Among those who led the establishment of the PLA were youth leaders of the All Burma Federation of Student Unions from Shwebo District, Sagaing Region. They embraced communism and prepared to re-establish an armed resistance based on communist ideology since early 2017. - [Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS)](https://ispmyanmar.com/restoration-council-of-shan-state-rcss/) - The RCSS attempted to set up bases and to operate within territories previously controlled by the Northern Alliance, areas which were associated with the Myanmar-China border trade and which would become future grounds for China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Myanmar. - [Shan State Progress Party (SSPP)](https://ispmyanmar.com/shan-state-progress-party-sspp/) - The SSPP signed a ceasefire agreement with the SLORC regime in 1989. In 2009, those ethnic armed groups that had ceased fighting were forced to become border guards under the Tatmadaw. Brigade 1, led by Col. Sao Pang Fa, refused, and the SSPP/SSA remained in operation as the principal Shan resistance army. - [Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-national-democratic-alliance-army-mndaa-2/) - The MNTJP/MNDAA is centered on and represents people of the Kokang ethnicity. Founded in 1989, it was the first ethnic splinter group from the Communist Party of Burma (CPB). The MNDAA was initially led by two brothers, Peng Jiasheng (Pheung Kya-shin) and Peng Jiafu (Pheung Kya-fu). After breaking away from the CPB, they signed a ceasefire agreement with the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). - [Kachin Independence Organization (KIO)](https://ispmyanmar.com/kachin-independence-organization-kio/) - The KIC was formed on January 15, 1961, three months after the formation of the KIO. The KIA, the organization’s military wing, was formed on February 5, 1961, in Lashio, northern Shan State, by decision of the KIC. - [Chin National Front (CNF)](https://ispmyanmar.com/chin-national-front-cnf/) - The CNF was a member of the Interim Chin National Consultative Council (ICNCC), which was formed to lead political matters in Chin State. On September 30, 2021, the Chin resistance forces established the Chinland Joint Defense Committee (CJDC). - [Resistance Forces’ Control Areas Expanded](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-108/) - During the “10-month shock to the MAF,” from November 2023 to August 2024, the State Administration Council (SAC) suffered major territorial setbacks. - [Perceptions of the Use of Chinese Technology](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n09/) - The survey revealed that 28 percent of respondents reported they do not use any of the listed Chinese-made products. - [Perceptions of China’s Soft Power](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n08/) - The survey revealed that 55 percent of respondents perceived China’s development aid as not beneficial, while 40 percent indicated it was beneficial. - [Perceptions of the Role of China in Myanmar’s Peace Processes](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n04/) - The survey reveals that the majority of the respondents across all six groups predominantly believed that China’s efforts center on stabilizing areas tied to its interests. - [Key Findings](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n01/) - This year’s most striking finding is a shift in concern: where economic dominance once topped the list, a majority of respondents now said China’s interference in Myanmar’s internal armed conflicts and security sector as the greatest challenge in bilateral relations. - [Myanmar's Key Stakeholders and their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations - A Survey (2024)](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs-2024/) - The 2024 survey reveals a significant rise in negative perceptions of China within Myanmar’s policy community. Most notably, perceptions of China as “not a good neighbor” have increased significantly. - [Perceptions of China’s Regional Integration Plans Through Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n07/) - Awareness of China’s regional integration initiatives varied across the six stakeholder groups, with notable differences emerging primarily in relation to the RCEP. - [Perceptions of China–Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n06/) - Overall, all surveyed stakeholder groups in Myanmar felt that CMEC has a negative impact on Myanmar’s society and environment. - [Military Success Heightens Tensions Between Myanmar’s Ethnic Armed Organisations](https://ispmyanmar.com/military-success-heightens-tensions-between-myanmars-ethnic-armed-organisations/) - Within one year, the SAC had lost control of 24 towns across 17 townships in northern Shan State. However, SAC regained control of Lashio town in April 2025, and of Nawnghkio in July. - [Perceptions of China–Myanmar Economic Relations](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n05/) - Compared to the 2022 and 2023 surveys, the proportion of respondents selecting “not beneficial at all” has increased annually. - [Perceptions of China’s Role in Myanmar’s Political Crisis](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n03/) - In comparing responses from the six surveyed community groups, EAOs and political society reported the highest perception of “good” relations between China and the SAC, with 93 percent and 88 percent, respectively. - [General Perceptions of China](https://ispmyanmar.com/ispcs2024n02/) - The 2024 survey, which marks the third iteration, aims to analyze how key figures within Myanmar’s policy community from various sectors perceive the fundamental factors shaping Sino-Myanmar relations. - [Myanmar's Critical Minerals Can Empower India with Strategic Heft](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-critical-minerals-can-empower-india-with-strategic-heft/) - With Washington eying Myanmar's rare earth deposits, India, as a critical partner in the Quad grouping, can act as an intermediary for resource processing and eventual supply of processed rare earths to the United States. - [Chin Resistance Groups Control 80 Percent of Chin State](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-106/) - Resistance groups now control an estimated 80 percent of the territory in Chin State, following the advance of the Chinland Council (CC) and the Chin Brotherhood (CB), which have captured six and eight towns, respectively. - [TNLA Extending Its Governance Arm](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-107/) - The nine-member council includes three representatives each from the military, political, and civil sectors of the Ta’ang ethnicity. - [Min Zin](https://ispmyanmar.com/min-zin/) - Min Zin Min Zin is a founding member and the Executive Director of ISP Myanmar, an independent ... - [Nay Htun Naing](https://ispmyanmar.com/nay-htun-naing/) - Nay Htun Naing Nay Htun Naing is the Deputy Director of Communications at the Institute for Strategy and Policy ... - [About the Survey](https://ispmyanmar.com/about-the-survey/) - Since 2022, ISP-Myanmar has been conducting an annual survey titled “Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino–Myanmar Relations”. - [KNU Controls 61 Percent of Karen State’s Territory](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-105/) - Four years after Myanmar’s military coup, the Karen National Union (KNU) and its armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), have established control over an estimated 61 percent of Karen State. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j20SZUXiI0U&t=99s#new_tab) - How do Myanmar’s key stakeholders perceive on Sino-Myanmar relations? ISP-Myanmar has been conducting an annual survey on their perceptions since 2022, making the 2024 survey the third iteration. - [Over 245 New Mining Sites in Kachin Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-93/) - Following the 2021 coup, the number of rare earth mining sites in Kachin State rose from 126 to over 371—an increase of 245 sites, nearly doubling the total since the pre-coup period. - [The AA’s Post-Coup Network of Alliance](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-104/) - Since the 2021 coup, the Arakan Army (AA) has emerged as a major patron of Myanmar’s post-coup armed resistance. It has provided full or partial support—ranging from military training to ammunition—to at least 23 armed groups. - [Threat of Rare Earth Mining Sites to the Local Waterways](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-102/) - Expansion of rare earth mining sites in Chipwi township threatens the local waterways including the N’Mai Kha river which flows into the important lifeline river of Myanmar, the Irrawaddy. - [The AA’s Push Beyond Rakhine’s Borders](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-103/) - The Arakan Army (AA) now controls over 93 percent of Rakhine State’s territory, amidst its offensive quest to take all of Rakhine. - [Border Checkpoints Facilitating Rare Earth Exports](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-101/) - Reportedly, rare earth minerals extracted from Chipwi township are exported to China’s Tengchong region via the Pangwa, Phimaw, Kangfang gates and Kan Pike Ti trade station. - [Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s Political Role Could Not be Negated by Oppression](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-01/) - REUTERS/Jorge Silva/File Photo OnPoint No. 1 (This article is a translation of the Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on December 6, 2021.) Events A special court in Nay Pyi Taw today sentenced State Councilor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to four years in prison. The sentence covers just two of - [Trade and Conflict Conditions Along the Tanintharyi Border](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-100/) - In the Tanintharyi Region, Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and their allies seized over 30 military outposts of the State Administration Council (SAC). - [Border Trade Disrupted by Asian Highway Closure](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-97/) - This disruption has led to an estimated loss of nearly USD 721.96 million in trade (based on a comparison of the first six months of 2023 and 2024). - [SAC Outposts Lost Within KNU-Designated Brigade Areas](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-98/) - The Karen National Union (KNU) has seven brigades, each operating within its designated district. Since the 2021 coup, most of the intense armed clashes in Karen State have occurred in Brigade 5, located in Hpapun District. - [EAOs in the Southeastern Region of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-99/) - The key EAOs in the region include the Karen National Union (KNU), KNU/KNLA–Peace Council (KNU/KNLA-PC), Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA), New Mon State Party (NMSP), Karenni Army (KA) and the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF). - [Over 740 Airstrikes Conducted After the Major Earthquake](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-96/) - Following the major “Mandalay-Sagaing Earthquake,” the State Administration Council (SAC) has carried out at least 741 airstrikes across the country. - [Control of Lashio and Surrounding Trade Routes Post-April 2025](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-94/) - On April 28, 2025, the State Administration Council (SAC) regained control of Lashio, a town previously held by the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA). - [At Least 80 Cases of Civilian Massacres](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-95/) - Since the coup, Myanmar has witnessed at least 80 incidents of civilian massacres, including mass killings by the SAC’s airstrikes in Otein Twin village, Tabayin Township, Sagaing Region, on May 12, and Htun Ya Wai village, Rathedaung Township, Rakhine State, on May 13, 2025. - [80 Civilian Massacres In Post-Coup Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/80-civilian-massacres-in-post-coup-myanmar/) - The SAC has been conducting airstrikes not only in conflict zones, such as in Kachin, Karen, Shan, Rakhine, Sagaing, and Magway, but also in areas with no active conflict. - [Only 9 in 100: Political Prisoners Freed Under SAC Amnesties](https://ispmyanmar.com/only-9-in-100-political-prisoners-freed-under-sac-amnesties/) - Since the coup, the State Administration Council (SAC) has issued 17 amnesties, releasing 106,662 detainees. Of these, 9,140 were political prisoners—just 8.6 percent of the total. - [China Decides How Far the Resistance Can Go in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-decides-how-far-the-resistance-can-go-in-myanmar/) - China has a growing ability to dictate outcomes on the ground in Myanmar. For resistance forces, the implications are profound. - [Myanmar’s Min Aung Hlaing sets the groundwork for a possible political exit](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-min-aung-hlaing-sets-the-groundwork-for-a-possible-political-exit/) - In February 2025, Myanmar’s junta chief Min Aung Hlaing initiated a significant military and cabinet reshuffle, making similar moves to former Myanmar military leader Than Shwe before his political exit beginning in 2010. This restructuring raises the question of whether Min Aung Hlaing is preparing for a political departure like his predecessor. - [Location of Rare Earth Mining Sites Across Kachin State](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-89/) - ISP-Myanmar identified at least 370 mining sites and 2,700 pits spreading across Chipwi and Momauk townships in Kachin State. - [Post-Coup Surge in Myanmar’s Rare Earth Exports to China](https://ispmyanmar.com/post-coup-surge-in-myanmars-rare-earth-exports-to-china/) - Since the 2021 coup, rare earth exports from Myanmar to China have surged fivefold to USD 3.6 billion, making Myanmar the largest supplier, accounting for over half of China’s imports. - [Rare Earths Mining Freeze; Chinese Market Squeeze](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qe26sUcATAM) - The temporary suspension of rare earths mining in Kachin State has had a negative impact on the Chinese market. This week’s ISP Clip No. (71) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [SAC and 3BHA Discussions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEwnOw6QxIU#new_tab) - Following Operation 1027, the State Administration Council (SAC) has engaged in both joint and bilateral discussions with members of the Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA). - [Numerous SAC-Camps Relinquished in Shan and Rakhine States](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-88/) - The resistance forces have captured over 174 military camps* controlled by the junta. The State Administration Council (SAC) relinquished two Regional Military Commands (RMCs) and more than 141 military camps. - [The Rise of Princelings - 2](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-v02n04/) - This week ISP-Myanmar presents another review in our series on emerging new generation leaders from Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and the Spring Revolution movement, framed under the theme "The Rise of Princelings." - [China’s Evolving Foreign Policy](https://ispmyanmar.com/what-isp-is-reading/) - It is necessary to better understand China's constantly evolving foreign policy as a superpower with thousands of years of history and a rich population. - [Kyar Phyant Crackdown](https://ispmyanmar.com/kyar-phyant-crackdown/) - If Kyar Phyant operations are suppressed in one location, they relocate to another area and continue their illicit activities. - [An Upturn of Ta'ang's Non-Royal Leadership (Ngattapa Min)](https://ispmyanmar.com/key-takeaway/) - After passing through difficult and downgraded times with determination not to go down against all tides, the youth's self-paved journey now results in evident success. - [China’s Third Plenum](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n5-whatispisreading02/) - Reform goals are set to be completed by 2029, marking the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. - [Beyond Bangladesh Triumph](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n5-whatispisreading01/) - In addition to the power vacuum, numerous challenges persist, as well as the difficulty to establish a political consensus. - [Border Trade Admist Intense Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n5-trendstowatch/) - The SAC is attempting to replace the northern Shan trade route with a new one in eastern Shan, but this plan has yet to materialize. - [A Country of Killing Field](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n5-spotlights/) - According to ISP-Myanmar’s data, 57 instances of mass killings of civilians, defined as incidents where at least 10 people were killed, have been documented (as of July 22, 2024) over the past three years. - [SAC Leader: The Solo Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n5-key-takeaway/) - Snr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing’s ongoing strategy of blame-game may bring him closer to his downfall. - [Naypyitawlogy-5](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-v02n05/) - Snr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing’s ongoing strategy of blame-game may bring him closer to his downfall. - [El Niño to La Niña Time to Draft a Disaster Communication Playbook](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n6-whatispisreading/) - El Niño, a significant climate phenomenon that reshapes Myanmar and global weather patterns, is transitioning to La Niña. - [Public Resilience, Nation’s Capability, and Humanitarian Diplomacy](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n6-trendstowatch/) - In times of natural disasters, empathy and humanity must triumph over hatred, conflict, and war. - [The Spring Revolution: Women's Sacrifices](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n6-spl02/) - Over the three and a half years of the Spring Revolution, 5,649 women have been detained. - [SAC’s Raining Bombs](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n6-spl01/) - These airstrikes intensified after Operation 1027 restarted in late June 2024, spreading the conflict into central Myanmar. - [Three Critical Points to Consider](https://ispmyanmar.com/iev2n6-key-takeaway/) - In times of conflict and climate change crises, Myanmar’s society urgently needs the emergence of everyday champions. - [Trusted Mouthpieces: SAC’s Haigeng Representatives](https://ispmyanmar.com/trusted-mouthpieces-sacs-haigeng-representatives/) - [SAC and TNLA Unsuccessful in Talks](https://ispmyanmar.com/sac-and-tnla-unsuccessful-in-talks/) - [Eight Rounds of Finding Ground: SAC-3BHA Discussions](https://ispmyanmar.com/eight-rounds-of-finding-ground-sac-3bha-discussions/) - [The Best of 2024: Our Audiences' Top Picks](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-v03i01/) - ISP-Myanmar publishes this Insight Email as a special edition. We would like to share the favorites of our audiences among our 2024 published research and findings. - [The Political Economy of Myanmar’s Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-political-economy-of-myanmars-conflict/) - “The Political Economy of Myanmar’s Conflict: Analyzing the Pros and Cons of De-escalation Through Economic Incentives,” was also one of the most read pieces. - [Future Federal Army](https://ispmyanmar.com/future-federal-army/) - Since the 2021 coup, a proliferation of armed resistance groups has reshaped Myanmar’s conflict landscape. ISP-Myanmar’s research identifies over 500 such groups. Meanwhile, SAC’s military failures are mounting. - [Facing the Tailspin, The Country Shall Fall Upside Down](https://ispmyanmar.com/facing-the-tailspin-the-country-shall-fall-upside-down-2/) - Through the Research Network Program, ISP-Myanmar conducted studies across more than 110 townships, covering one-third of Myanmar’s total townships. - [Sanctions With Chinese Characteristics: The Case of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/sanctions-with-chinese-characteristics-the-case-of-myanmar-2/) - In October 2024, China shut down more than 14 of its border gates along the Myanmar border. At the same time, the EAOs along the Myanmar-China border were pressured by China’s “Five Cuts.” - [Making Data Speak: Capturing Conflicts and Human Security Agenda in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/making-data-speak-capturing-conflicts-and-human-security-agenda-in-myanmar-2/) - In 2024, ISP-Myanmar launched its talk show series, “30 Minutes with the ISP,” hosting six events. The fourth episode, “Making Data Speak: Capturing Conflicts and Human Security Agenda in Myanmar,” drew the largest audiences. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-key-stakeholders-and-their-perceptions-of-sino-myanmar-relations/) - China Studies Program of ISP-Myanmar continues to delve into the nuances of China-Myanmar relations. - [Seeking a Process Strategy for Myanmar: China’s Initiative](https://ispmyanmar.com/seeking-a-process-strategy-for-myanmar-chinas-initiative/) - The third most-read publication in 2024 was an ISP OnPoint titled “Seeking a Process Strategy for Myanmar: China’s Initiative.” - [The Terror Twins of Climate and Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-terror-twins-of-climate-and-conflict/) - In 2024, Myanmar’s populace of over 5.6 million suffered from floods, and 24 percent of agricultural land was submerged. - [The Rise of Princelings](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-rise-of-princelings/) - ISP-Myanmar is researching the emerging new generation leaders from EAOs and the resistance movement under the theme “The Rise of Princelings.” - [Movement of Kyar Phyant-Online Scam Operations](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-87/) - Over 17 townships in Myanmar, where Kyar Phyant-online scam operations previously took place, have undergone significant crackdowns, particularly in the Wa and Kokang Self-Administered Zones. - [Kyar Phyant-Online Scam Sites Inside Myawaddy](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-86/) - Kyar Phyant-online scam operations are prevalent not only in Shwe Kokko, north of Myawaddy, but also in southern towns such as Me Htaw Tha Lay, In Gyin Myaing, Kyauk Khet, and Waw Lay Myaing. At the same time, these scam sites operate in downtown areas of Myawaddy. The majority of Kyar Phyant-online scam sites operate along the Myanmar-Thailand border. - [Whack-a-Scam: The Endless Game Against Online Scams](https://ispmyanmar.com/whack-a-scam-the-endless-game-against-online-scams/) - [SAC and BGF Deny Links to Online Scams](https://ispmyanmar.com/sac-and-bgf-deny-links-to-online-scams/) - [Thailand Tackles Online Scams ](https://ispmyanmar.com/thailand-tackles-online-scams/) - [178 Individuals Within SAC's Revolving Door](https://ispmyanmar.com/178-individuals-within-sacs-revolving-door/) - [Constant Changes: Unveiling 61 Government Reshuffles ](https://ispmyanmar.com/constant-changes-unveiling-61-government-reshuffles/) - [More Airstrikes on Resistances’ Seized Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-airstrikes-on-resistances-seized-townships/) - [The SAC Shuffle: 7 Government Reboots in 4 Years](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-sac-shuffle-7-government-reboots-in-4-years/) - [Shan State Suffered the Most Airstrikes ](https://ispmyanmar.com/shan-state-suffered-the-most-airstrikes/) - [Combatting Kyar Phyant](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLsNh2QSx6g#new_tab) - China and Thailand are increasingly focusing on combating Kyar Phyant (online scams) along the Myanmar-Thailand border. - [The Constantly Shifting SAC’s Administration](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6W3FyKLy_Y#new_tab) - In early 2025, the junta once again restructured the State Administration Council (SAC) and its organization. - [Reopened Myanmar-China Border Gates](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBHpgYniass) - With China's mediation, the State Administration Council (SAC) and the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) reached a ceasefire agreement. - [More Than 8,000 Total Airstrikes Recorded ](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-8000-total-airstrikes-recorded/) - [2024's Deepest Wounds Found in Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/2024s-deepest-wounds-found-in-women/) - What distinguishes women's struggles from those of others? How have challenges intensified in the aftermath of the 2021 coup? - [Over 8,000 Airstrikes Incidents Nationwide](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-85/) - Following the coup, the State Administration Council (SAC) conducted over 8,000 airstrikes in at least 162 townships. - [Bridge Education Program (Batch-7)](https://ispmyanmar.com/bep-7/) - ISP-Myanmar is now accepting applications for the Bridge Education Program (Batch 7). This three-month intensive program will commence in mid-October 2024. Interested applicants must submit their applications by 5 PM (Myanmar Time) on September 15, 2024. - [From Unemployment to Post COVID-19 cultivation of human resources](https://ispmyanmar.com/from-unemployment-to-post-covid-19-cultivation-of-human-resources/) - As the unemployment conditions in Myanmar have deteriorated, more than 100,000 workers in the formal sector have lost their jobs. - [The escalation in the internally displaced persons (IDP) crisis amidst the COVID-19 pandemic](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-escalation-in-the-internally-displaced-persons-idp-crisis-amidst-the-covid-19-pandemic/) - While Myanmar’s crippled health system is a major obstacle in responding to COVID-19, the ongoing civil wars further exacerbate the impacts of the pandemic. - [If I were one of the victims who survive the COVID 19 pandemic](https://ispmyanmar.com/if-i-were-one-of-the-victims-who-survive-the-covid-19-pandemic/) - A balanced mind can offer some control, and it could be a way of self-training against the inclination towards pessimism. - [The COVID-19 Pandemic and Three Different Scenarios for Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-covid-19-pandemic-and-three-different-scenarios-for-myanmar/) - Yet, Myanmar today faces an unprecedented emergency and the decisions it makes in the coming days may shape its future for many decades to come. - [ဝန်ကြီးချုပ်များ၏ စွမ်းဆောင်ရည်အကဲဖြတ်ခြင်းနှင့် အရာချခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ သုတေသန ပုစ္ဆာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/smtza-articles/) - ၂၀၂၀ပြည့်နှစ် စက်တင်ဘာလ ၁ရက်နေ့မှာ ကယားပြည်နယ် လွှတ်တော်ဟာ ပြည်နယ်ဝန်ကြီးချုပ်ကို အခြေခံဥပဒေနဲ့အညီ စွပ်စွဲအပြစ်တင်လို့ အောင်မြင်သွားပါတယ်။ သမ္မတကသာ ဒီရလဒ်ကို အတည်ပြုရင် ဝန်ကြီးချုပ်ကို ရာထူးမှ ရပ်ဆိုင်းရမှာပါ။ အမျိုးသားဒီမိုကရေစီအဖွဲ့ချုပ် (NLD) ဦးဆောင်တဲ့ အစိုးရဟာ ငါးနှစ်တာကာလအတွင်း သမ္မတက တိုက်ရိုက်ခန့်အပ်ထားခဲ့တဲ့ ပြည်နယ်တိုင်းဒေသကြီးဝန်ကြီးချုပ် ၁၄ ဦးအနက် သုံးပုံတစ်ပုံကို ရာထူးမှ အနားပေးခံရခြင်း၊ နှုတ်ထွက်ခွင့်ပြုခြင်း၊ ကျန်းမာရေးကြောင့် နောက်သက်တမ်းအတွက် ပြန်လည် ကိုယ်စားလှယ်အဖြစ် ပြန်လည် ရွေးချယ်မခံတော့ခြင်းစတဲ့ ခေါင်းစဉ်တွေအောက်မှာ အကြောင်းအမျိုးမျိုးကြောင့် အရာချခဲ့တာ ၅ဦးခန့်ရှိပြီဖြစ်ပြီး ရာခိုင်နှုန်းအားဖြင့် ပြောရရင် ၃၇ ရာခိုင်နှုန်းရှိလာခဲ့ပါပြီ။ NLD အစိုးရလက်ထက် ပြည်နယ်၊တိုင်းဒေသကြီး ၀န်ကြီးချုပ်များ အရာကျမှု ရာခိုင်နှုန်းများတယ်၊ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကာလနား နီးကပ်မှ ပိုအဖြစ်များတဲ့အတွက် အချိန်ကာလအားဖြင့် ဆန်းတယ်၊ နောက်ဖွဲ့မယ့် အစိုးရမှာတောင် - [Comments on Myanmar’s COVID-19 Economic Relief Plan (CERP)](https://ispmyanmar.com/comments-on-myanmars-covid-19-economic-relief-plan-cerp-by-u-myint/) - The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar’s COVID-19 Economic Relief Plan (CERP) is attached. I have scanned and pasted sentences and phrases exactly as they appear in this Plan for ease of reference and have commented on them. - [Myanmar: Legal Reform is a ‘MUST’ for Genuine Media Freedom](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-legal-reform-is-a-must-for-genuine-media-freedom/) - This article assesses media freedom under the NLD Government by analyzing the situation of legal - [၂၀၂၀ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲအလွန် ထွက်ပေါက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/2020-elections-wayout/) - ဒီကနေ့ နိုဝင်ဘာလ ၈ ရက်နေ့မှာ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသူနိုင်ငံသားတွေဟာ ပါတီစုံဒီမိုကရေစီရွေးကောက်ပွဲ အတွက် မဲပေးခဲ့ကြပါပြီ။ - [ရန်ကုန်တက္ကသိုလ်ရဲ့ အစဉ်အလာ ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာကို ပြန်လည်တည်ဆောက်ရေး ပြည်သူသို့အိတ်ဖွင့်ပေးစာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/u-myint/) - ပြီးခဲ့တဲ့နှစ်က မြန်မာနိုင်ငံဟာ အမျိုးသားရင်ကြားစေ့ရေးအတွက် အရေးကြီးတဲ့ ခြေလှမ်းတွေ လှမ်းခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ဒါ့အပြင် တရားဥပဒေစိုးမိုးရေး၊ ထင်သာမြင်သာရှိရေး၊ တာဝန်ခံရေး၊ အုပ်ချုပ်မှုကောင်းဖြစ်ပေါ်ရေးနဲ့ နိုင်ငံရေး၊ စီးပွားရေးနဲ့ လူမှုပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးတွေကို ဦးတည်ပြီးတော့လည်း လျှောက်လှမ်းခဲ့တာပါ။ - [China Maintains Blockade on Three Border Gates](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-84/) - After a ceasefire between the SAC and MNDAA, China reopened three border gates: Yanlonkyaing, Chinshwehaw, and Namtit in the northern Shan State. - [17 Border Trade Stations and Their Conditions](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-83/) - There are a total of 17 border trade stations between Myanmar and neighboring countries. - [Borders Areas Controlled by Resistance](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-82/) - Following Operation 1027, the territorial dynamics along Myanmar’s borders have significantly shifted. - [EAOs Control Four Trade Stations on China Border](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-81/) - Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) now control four formal trade stations from the five total along the Myanmar-China border. - [Conflict Intensity Index High in Sagaing and Rakhine](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-79/) - ISP-Myanmar conducted a study across 243 conflict-affected townships using three critical measures: the security risk index, the humanitarian crisis index, and the public service provision absence index. - [13 Chinese Projects Seized in Northeast](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-76/) - Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) have fully seized 13 out of 23 Chinese projects located in northern Shan State and central lowlands. - [AA Gained Control of All Chinese Projects in Rakhine](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-77/) - The Arakan Army (AA) has controlled 11 Chinese projects in Rakhine State, overseeing all regional projects. - [Nearly 180 SAC-Camps Fall Under Resistance](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-78/) - Resistance groups have captured at least 174 military camps* operated by the State Administration Council (SAC), with a significant number of these takeovers occurring in Shan and Rakhine States. - [SAC’s Airstrikes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JAtxRBYwI0) - The State Administration Council (SAC), having suffered significant territorial losses, has intensified its use of airstrikes. - [Nation in the Dark](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGgLNVB27yo&t=3s) - ISP-Myanmar conducts studies through the Research Network program in 110 townships, constituting one-third of the total, to examine socioeconomic conditions. - [Borderline Bargains: Myanmar-China Trade Uncertainties ](https://ispmyanmar.com/borderline-bargains-myanmar-china-trade-uncertainties/) - [KIA’s Rare Earth Routes to China](https://ispmyanmar.com/kias-rare-earth-routes-to-china/) - [Reopening of Kokang-China Border Gates](https://ispmyanmar.com/reopening-of-kokang-china-border-gates/) - [Blackouts on the Rise](https://ispmyanmar.com/blackouts-on-the-rise/) - [No Electricity Rain or Shine](https://ispmyanmar.com/no-electricity-rain-or-shine/) - [Literally Living in The Dark](https://ispmyanmar.com/literally-living-in-the-dark/) - [30 Minutes with the ISP](https://ispmyanmar.com/30-minutes-with-the-isp/) - We are excited to launch this new TV show to provide a platform for all members of the ISP's Gabyin community to participate and discuss various topics. After three years of the military coup in Myanmar, discussions among politicians, activists, and citizens have primarily been focused on ‘emergency’ to address life-saving needs and ‘solidarity’ to show unity among the forces struggling against injustice in Myanmar politics. - [Seized Townships Along the Pipelines ](https://ispmyanmar.com/seized-townships-along-the-pipelines/) - [Rakhine: Arakan Army’s Controls 10 out 11 Chinese Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/rakhine-arakan-armys-controls-10-out-11-chinese-projects/) - [Chinese Projects in Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/chinese-projects-in-northern-shan/) - [The Political Economy of Myanmar’s Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-22/) - Conflict de-escalation based on the sharing of war dividends among conflict parties may provide temporary respite. However, without progressing to meaningful political negotiations, it could simply delay and worsen the underlying conflict. Without considering the political economy of Myanmar’s conflict, a resolution to the crisis is unlikely. - [Sanctions with Chinese Characteristics: The Case of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/sanctions-with-chinese-characteristics-the-case-of-myanmar/) - The recap memo of the 30 Minutes with the ISP live event discussing China’s sanctions on Myanmar and their impacts. - [Making Data Speak: Capturing Conflicts and Human Security Agenda in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/making-data-speak-capturing-conflicts-and-human-security-agenda-in-myanmar/) - The recap memo of the 30 Minutes with the ISP live event was held on October 5, 2024, highlighting how ISP is trying to capture conflicts and human security using data-driven research. - [Seeking a Process Strategy for Myanmar: China’s Initiative](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-21/) - Myanmar needs a political "process strategy" that respects the aspirations of its people and can be pragmatically implemented to address the current crisis. The effectiveness of China's initiative in filling this gap hinges on its strategic capabilities and collaborations with various national and international stakeholders. - [Naypyitawlogy - 4](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-v02n03/) - This week’s ISP Insight Email revisits "Naypyitawlogy" by examining the administrative restructuring of the State Administration Council (SAC) during its three-year reign. In literature of political science, scholars often study the relationship between an authoritarian regime’s stability and state capacity. - [Naypyitawlogy - 3](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-v02n01/) - Under the overarching theme of “Naypyitawlogy,” ISP-Myanmar analyzed the nature of a closed dictatorship, drawing parallels to how international political experts assess developments in such systems. - [SAC’s Amnesties](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_6xC7UXCzs&t=4s) - The State Administration Council (SAC) announced amnesties on 2025’s Independence Day. However, over 20,000 political prisoners remain imprisoned. - [Lost Control: The SAC and Relinquished Chinese Projects](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9V-5CwVezE&t=2s) - Resistance and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) have now taken control of most of China's investment initiatives in the northern Shan and Rakhine regions. - [Ngwesaung Initiative: The feasibility of a political pact in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/ngwesaung-initiative-the-feasibility-of-a-political-pact-in-myanmar/) - In September, 39 prominent pro-democracy leaders, including political party members, 1988 Generation members, activists, and other interested persons, gathered at Ngwesaung in Ayeyarwady Region for an informal meeting. - [Arakan Army’s Victory 2.0 in Myanmar: A New Order for Rakhine?](https://ispmyanmar.com/arakan-armys-victory-2-0-in-myanmar-a-new-order-for-rakhine/) - On 21 December 2024, the Arakan Army (AA) seized the Myanmar military’s Western Command in Ann Township in Rakhine State. The Western Command was the military’s second regional command to fall into the Ethnic Armed Organisation’s (EAO) hands in 2024. The Myanmar military lost the Northeastern Command in Lashio to the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) in August 2024. - [Uncertainty Consumed Myanmar Women’s Souls](https://ispmyanmar.com/uncertainty-consumed-myanmar-womens-souls/) - [SAC's 2025 Amnesty](https://ispmyanmar.com/sacs-2025-amnesty/) - [SAC's Record on Political Prisoners' Amnesties](https://ispmyanmar.com/sacs-record-on-political-prisoners-amnesties/) - [Specific Political Prisoner Amnesties](https://ispmyanmar.com/specific-political-prisoner-amnesties/) - [A Job Search Feels Like Chasing Rainbow](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-job-search-feels-like-chasing-rainbow/) - [Inflation Tripled: Earnings Not](https://ispmyanmar.com/inflation-tripled-earnings-not/) - [Marriage As An Escape](https://ispmyanmar.com/marriage-as-an-escape/) - [The Skyrocketing Crisis of Inflation](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-skyrocketing-crisis-of-inflation/) - [Oil Prices also Heat Up](https://ispmyanmar.com/oil-prices-also-heat-up/) - [Stagnated Wages as Inflation Soars](https://ispmyanmar.com/stagnated-wages-as-inflation-soars/) - [Private Healthcare: The Go-To for Care ](https://ispmyanmar.com/private-healthcare-the-go-to-for-care/) - [SAC’s Public Services: Eroding Capabilities ](https://ispmyanmar.com/sacs-public-services-eroding-capabilities/) - [Maternity Care: Leaning on Private Hospitals](https://ispmyanmar.com/maternity-care-leaning-on-private-hospitals/) - [Bribery Hotspot: Immigration Offices (Lawaka)](https://ispmyanmar.com/bribery-hotspot-immigration-offices-lawaka/) - [Theft Tops the List of Crimes](https://ispmyanmar.com/theft-tops-the-list-of-crimes/) - [Crime Reporting Patterns](https://ispmyanmar.com/crime-reporting-patterns/) - [Political Prisoners Made Up 8.6 Percent of 16 Amnesties](https://ispmyanmar.com/political-prisoners-made-up-8-6-percent-of-16-amnesties/) - Throughout nearly four years of the coup, the State Administration Council (SAC) granted 16 amnesties, releasing 101,729 detainees. - [The Rise of Princelings - 1](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-v02n02/) - This week focuses on the generational shift, "The Rise of Princelings." The emergence of young faces during the latest Kokang (MNDAA) and United Wa State Party (UWSP) meeting was significant. There was a rarely seen female figure in the leadership meeting. - [Clashes Across 67% of Myanmar’s Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-25/) - Since the February 1, 2021 coup, at least 12,225 clashes have erupted, affecting at least 221 townships, constituting 67% of the total townships in Myanmar. - [Nationwide Conflict and the Contest for Dominance](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-26/) - Since the coup, no less than 221 townships (67 per cent of the total) have experienced at least 12,238 armed clashes. Delving into the regional dynamics, Karenni area, Chin State and Tanintharyi Region experienced armed conflicts in all of their townships while in Sagaing and Mandalay Regions, conflicts erupted in 34 out of 37 and 25 out of 28 townships respectively. - [Laukkai the Last Target for Seizure](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-27/) - On October 27, 2023, the three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) and its allied forces launched the ‘Operation 1027’, and successfully captured Hesni town, and four border towns including Chinshwehaw. In addition, they have taken control of four border gates at Chinshwehaw, Monekoe, Pangsang, and Kyinsankyawt. - [More Conflict Near the Kaladan Transport Project](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-28/) - Following ‘Operation 1027,’ clashes have resumed in Rakhine State, where the Arakan Army (AA) has seized control of at least 46 SAC military outposts. Significantly, nearly 40 of these SAC outposts were secured by the AA following SAC forces’ withdrawal from their positions. - [Resistance Forces Control Ten Towns in Chin and Sagaing](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-29/) - Since the launch of ‘Operation 1027,’ at least 28 clashes have broken out between local defense forces and SAC forces in Chin State, where joint resistance forces now control at least seven towns. In Sagaing Region, at least 119 violent incidents have occurred, and joint resistance forces have seized three towns. - [Karenni Defense Forces Attempting to Seize Loikaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-30/) - The Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) and its allies launched ‘Operation 1111’ on November 11, 2023. During this operation, at least 50 armed clashes with State Administration Council (SAC) forces have been recorded. - [Situation Report on ‘Operation 1027’ and China’s Investment Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-31/) - Since the launch of ‘Operation 1027,’ the Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) has captured territories in northern Shan State where several of China’s projects are located. According to ISP-Myanmar’s data up until December 27, the 3BHA now exercise full control over six project locations as well as partial control over further seven project locations. - [Nationwide Conflict and the Contest for Dominance](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-32/) - Chin State and Tanintharyi Region experienced armed conflicts in all of their townships while in Sagaing and Mandalay Regions, conflicts erupted in 34 out of 37 and 25 out of 28 townships respectively. - [High Security Index Intensity in 43% of Total Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-33/) - To assess the impacts of conflict in these areas, we employed the security index alongside the humanitarian crisis index and public service provision index. - [High Humanitarian Crisis Index Intensity in Sagaing Region](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-34/) - To assess the impacts of conflict in these areas, we employed the humanitarian crisis index, which is measured by the number of IDPs per township, alongside the security index and public service provision index. - [High Intensity of Public Service Provision Index in Sagaing Region and Shan State](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-35/) - To assess the impacts of conflict in these areas, we employed the public service provision index, alongside the security index and humanitarian crisis index. - [Ta’ang (Palaung) State Dream and Territorial Expansion](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-36/) - The maps below depict territories controlled by the Palaung State Liberation Organization/Army (PSLO/PSLA) and the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) during specific time periods. Ta'ang (Palaung) armed insurgencies started in 1963. - [Self-administration Established Following the Seizure of Laukkai](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-37/) - The Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) and allied forces launched the Operation 1027 on October 27, 2023, and seized Laukkai, the target of the operation, on January 4, 2024. In addition, they have also seized four border gates – Chinshwehaw, Monekoe, Pang Hseng and Kyinsankyawt. - [Arakan Army Seized Key Bases in Northern Rakhine](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-38/) - Following the Operation 1027, clashes have resumed in Rakhine State, where the Arakan Army (AA) has seized control of at least 162 SAC military outposts. Significantly, nearly 40 of these SAC outposts were secured by the AA, following SAC forces’ withdrawal from their positions. - [PANDEMONIUM: The Conscription Law and Five Negative Potential Consequences](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-20/) - When a nation collectively chooses the path of securitization and militarization, it inevitably incurs an opportunity cost in the development and productivity of the nation impeding for generations to come. - [Operation 1027: The Need for a New Political Imagination and a Pragmatic Strategy](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-19/) - The Institute for Strategy and Policy (Myanmar) has released a series of three analytical reports based on our research findings regarding 'Operation 1027', initiated by the Three Brotherhood Alliance and allied forces. This latest report, ISP OnPoint No.19 published on December 5, focuses on the question of new political imagination and a pragmatic strategy. - [Women Under Every Pressure](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EE-3Kztqn84) - This week’s ISP Clip highlights women's challenges in 2024, such as unemployment, uncertainty, insecurity, and displacement. - [Post-Coup Corruption, Crime and Resolutions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BP8LovH-Yxk) - The highest bribery rates are observed at immigration offices (Lawaka), administrative offices, and courts. - [10 Chinese Projects in Rakhine State Under AA’s Control](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-75/) - As of December 24, 2024, the Arakan Army (AA) has gained full control of two projects and partial control over eight out of 11 Chinese Projects in Rakhine State, making AA controlling 10 projects in total. - [13 Chinese Projects Seized in Northern Shan and Surrounding Areas](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-74/) - As of December 24, 2024, Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) have fully seized 13 out of 23 Chinese projects located in northern Shan State and central lowlands. - [Myanmar’s Min Aung Hlaing struggles for political longevity](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-min-aung-hlaing-struggles-for-political-longevity/) - Myanmar's junta chief, Min Aung Hlaing, is planning to hold general elections in 2025 to ensure his political survival as the Myanmar military appears to be disunited and might no longer be inclined to support his grip on power. - [China Blocks 14 out of 19 Myanmar Border Trade Gates](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-73/) - China has shuttered 14 of the 19 border trade gates along its border with Myanmar. - [Dual Burdens on Women (Part-2)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0vzjlQgZcY) - This week unveils Part 2, focusing on the findings related to the Healthcare Sector. - [Women in Myanmar: Addressing Cracks Beneath the Tough Facade](https://ispmyanmar.com/women-in-myanmar-addressing-cracks-beneath-the-tough-facade/) - A striking societal transformation is emerging in Myanmar amid ongoing conflict and in the wake of severe flooding, landslides, and destroyed farmland. Women have taken over traditional men’s roles. They now lead household and community recovery activities, including removing heavy debris and reconstructing houses, monasteries, and schools. - [Dual Burdens on Women](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxtbWAdsgAs) - This week, we introduce Part 1, Everyday Socioeconomic Hardship. - [Territorial Disputes between UWSA and the Royal Thai Army](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqzCaeV1YUQ) - The United Wa State Army (UWSA) and the Royal Thai Army have territorial disputes. - [Wa’s Border Gates, A Dream Deferred](https://ispmyanmar.com/was-border-gates-a-dream-deferred/) - [The Significance of UWSA Camps ](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-significance-of-uwsa-camps/) - [Territorial Disputes: A Recurring Issue ](https://ispmyanmar.com/territorial-disputes-a-recurring-issue/) - [UWSA Camps Sparked Disputes with Thai Army ](https://ispmyanmar.com/uwsa-camps-sparked-disputes-with-thai-army/) - [Breathless in Adversity: The Strangling Effects of Conscription Law on Socioeconomic Hardship](https://ispmyanmar.com/breathless-in-adversity-the-strangling-effects-of-conscription-law-on-socioeconomic-hardship/) - The recap memo of the 30 Minutes with the ISP live event was held on July 14, 2024, highlighting the socioeconomic damages exacerbated by the SAC's Conscription Law. - [Dual Burdens on Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/excessive-burden-on-women/) - The Burmese version of the Semi-Annual Report on Socioeconomic conditions, titled "Dual Burdens on Women" is now available! - [Over 149 Townships Suffered From Arson Incidents](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-72/) - Buthidaung township in Rakhine State experienced the most severe damage, with over 7,500 structures torched. - [Foreign Investments Continue to Fall Post-Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/foreign-investments-continue-to-fall-post-coup/) - [Most Investment Goes to the Energy Sector](https://ispmyanmar.com/most-investment-goes-to-the-energy-sector/) - [Myanmar’s Biggest Investor: China ](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-biggest-investor-china/) - [Post-Coup Foreign Investments](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N576AWcYq6w) - In the post-coup period, China led foreign investments in Myanmar, among other nations. - [Post-Coup Civilian Massacres in Myanmar](https://visual.ispmyanmar.com/massacres#new_tab) - Explore the escalating violence and human rights abuses inflicted on civilians in Myanmar following the military coup in January 2021. This data story examines the patterns, chronology, and no of civilian fatality, of the tragic massacres unfolding across Myanmar from early 2021 to mid-2024. - [Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA)](https://visual.ispmyanmar.com/mndaa#new_tab) - The Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) has been a significant player since its establishment in March 1989. In operation 1027, they successfully took back the city of Laukkai, showcasing their strategic capabilities and influence in the area. Over the years, the MNDAA has been involved in various activities, including both military and political endeavors, - [Foreign Diplomatic Efforts to Meet with Aung San Suu Kyi During Her Detention](https://visual.ispmyanmar.com/daw-aung-san-suu-kyi#new_tab) - During her detention from July 20, 1989, to July 14, 2023, foreign diplomatic efforts were consistently made to meet with Aung San Suu Kyi. Despite facing various challenges and restrictions during this period, diplomats from different countries actively sought opportunities to engage with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and discuss matters concerning democracy and human - [Operation 1027 and its Impacts on Myanmar’s Political Landscape](https://visual.ispmyanmar.com/1027#new_tab) - The Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA), composed of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), and the Arakan Army (AA), launched "Operation 1027" on October 27, 2023. Their objectives included combating online fraud and gambling, asserting self-defense rights, maintaining territorial control, and resisting military oppression. This operation led 3BHA to secure - [Arson Incidents in Over 45 Percent of Total Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/arson-incidents-in-over-45-percent-of-total-townships/) - [Majority of Arson Cases Happened in the Dry Zone](https://ispmyanmar.com/majority-of-arson-cases-happened-in-the-dry-zone/) - [Over 23,000 Housing and Buildings Torched in 2024](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-23000-housing-and-buildings-torched-in-2024/) - [Most Arson Destructions in Sagaing and Magway Regions](https://ispmyanmar.com/most-arson-destructions-in-sagaing-and-magway-regions/) - The Sagaing Region has experienced the highest level of destruction, with more than 63,655 properties affected. - [Increased Arson Cases in Rakhine State and Mandalay Region](https://ispmyanmar.com/increased-arson-cases-in-rakhine-state-and-mandalay-region/) - In the first ten months of 2024, over 23,497 structures were burned, with Rakhine State seeing the highest incidents at 41 Percent ( over 9,571 structures). - [Over 100,000 Arson Incidents Nationwide](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-100000-arson-incidents-nationwide/) - Since the coup, armed conflicts have led to the burning and destruction of over 105,799 houses and buildings nationwide. - [Nationwide Arson Destructions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDEmmquDXQQ) - In the three and a half years since the coup, more than 100,000 homes and buildings across the country have been destroyed by arson during armed conflicts. - [Additional 2.7 Million IDPs Following Operation 1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/additional-2-7-million-idps-following-operation-1027/) - [IDPs Count Surpasses 6.6 Million](https://ispmyanmar.com/idps-count-surpasses-6-6-million/) - [Operation 1027 Fallout: Over 4,500 Civilian Deaths](https://ispmyanmar.com/operation-1027-fallout-over-4500-civilian-deaths/) - [Rising IDP Numbers and Escalating Civilian Casualties](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6s3xWZ0oOWI&t=77s) - Due to the escalating conflict following Operation 1027, there is an increasing number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and civilian casualties across the country. - [7,100 Airstrikes Across Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/7100-airstrikes-across-myanmar-short-clip-209/) - [Airstrike Toll: Rising Civilian Casualties](https://ispmyanmar.com/airstrike-toll-rising-civilian-casualties/) - [Airstrikes Hit Nearly Half of All Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/airstrikes-hit-nearly-half-of-all-townships/) - [SAC’s Intense Airstrikes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gL85GQPKOl8&t=18s) - This week's ISP Clip provides a detailed analysis based on data highlighting these increased aerial attacks. - [Uncertain Mining Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2f2m4iTJsSo) - Mining of rare earth metals has halted after China closed the border trade stations in Kachin State. - [Uncertain Mining Operations](https://ispmyanmar.com/uncertain-mining-operations/) - [Future of Rare Earth Mining (Short Clip 208)](https://ispmyanmar.com/future-of-rare-earth-mining-short-clip-208/) - [Myanmar’s Rare Earth and China’s Demand (Short Clip 207)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-rare-earth-and-chinas-demand-short-clip-207/) - [All Sectors Reformation ](https://ispmyanmar.com/all-sectors-reformation/) - [Policy-Driven Security Sector Reform (SSR)](https://ispmyanmar.com/policy-driven-security-sector-reform-ssr/) - [Budalin Tragedy and Further Atrocities Committed by the SAC](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-71/) - Since the coup, Myanmar has witnessed over 65 civilian massacres amid armed conflicts, claiming the lives of over 1,307 civilians. - [Federal  Approaches(Part-2)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tceaUBtbIW8&t=2s) - Myanmar’s security sector reformation has been among the most challenging issues across generations. - [Federal Approaches (Part-1)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiUpXGYVWWY) - Myanmar’s security sector reformation has been among the most challenging issues across generations. - [Security Sector Reform: Harder than Ever Before](https://ispmyanmar.com/security-sector-reform-harder-than-ever-before/) - [Security Sector Reform During the Democratic Transition](https://ispmyanmar.com/security-sector-reform-during-the-democratic-transition/) - [Criminal Incidents and Dispute Mechanisms](https://ispmyanmar.com/criminal-incidents-and-dispute-mechanisms/) - [Reporting Mechanism of Domestic Violence Against Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/reporting-mechanism-of-domestic-violence-against-women/) - [Domestic Violence Against Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/domestic-violence-against-women/) - [Trust in the Education System](https://ispmyanmar.com/trust-in-the-education-system/) - [Basic Education Attendance](https://ispmyanmar.com/basic-education-attendance/) - [Border Trade Routes: Old, New, and Potentials](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-66/) - After substantial delays and disruptions across traditional land border routes, maritime pathways are increasingly becoming a viable alternative for trade with Bangladesh and Thailand. - [The 17 Border Trade Stations and Their Conditions](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-65/) - There are a total of 17 border trade stations between Myanmar and neighboring countries. Six of these border trade stations are controlled by Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and resistance forces. - [Facing the Tailspin, the Country Shall Fall Upside Down (Part-5)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ssW-FwNBl0&t=6s) - ISP-Myanmar presents part 5 of the findings, focusing on the reporting mechanism for domestic violence among women and criminal incidents. - [Facing the Tailspin, the Country Shall Fall Upside Down (Part-4)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCfogTcwEao&t=2s) - ISP-Myanmar presents part 4 of the findings which studied the attendance of basic education schools and public trust on them. - [EAOs Control Six Trade Stations and Gates on Myanmar-China Border](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-64/) - Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) have seized six out of eight formal Myanmar-China border trade stations and gates. - [Coping strategy: Eating One Less Meal a Day](https://ispmyanmar.com/coping-strategy-eating-one-less-meal-a-day/) - [Scrambles for Staple Foods](https://ispmyanmar.com/scrambles-for-staple-foods/) - [Facing the Tailspin, the Country Shall Fall Upside Down (Part-3)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow-bh6KU_7s) - This week’s part 3 presents challenges and solutions for basic food accessibility. - [Lending Hands in Relief Efforts](https://ispmyanmar.com/lending-hands-in-relief-efforts/) - [Resource Extractions and Their Impacts](https://ispmyanmar.com/resource-extractions-and-their-impacts/) - [Aligning with China’s Policy Reset: Revitalizing Trade Routes and Economic Plans in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/ex-02/) - This discussion focuses on the development of China-Myanmar relations over a two-month period, from March to May 2023, based on the ISP Timeline on China-Myanmar relations. Recently, China has been actively advocating for a fresh reset via its ‘Neighborhood Diplomacy’ approach to Myanmar. Meanwhile, China is pursuing development of an International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (ILSTC). - [Post “Grand Opening” of China Emphasizing Border Security and Investment Promotion](https://ispmyanmar.com/ex-01/) - This explainer describes significant developments in Sino-Myanmar relations based on ’China Timeline’ complied by ISP-Myanmar. Since post-COVID China’s “Grand Opening”, China has focused on promoting economic activities and combating transnational criminal activities and has met with Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) on the Sino-Myanmar border to foster closer cooperation. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations – A Survey (2022)](https://ispmyanmar.com/ve-01/) - One year after the 2021 military coup, ISP-Myanmar initiated a research survey of Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar relations with technical support from the People’s Alliance for Credible Elections (PACE). The initiative aims to collect specific knowledge of key individuals from the Myanmar policy communities to identify similarities and differences in their views about the key factors shaping Sino-Myanmar relations. - [Myanmar’s Quest for a Federal and Democratic Future: Considerations, Constraints and Compromises](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-quest-for-a-federal-and-democratic-future-considerations-constraints-and-compromises/) - Political stakeholders tend to view the National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC) as key towards achieving a parallel governance system in the medium term, and as part of a solid foundation for a long-term federal democratic solution to Myanmar’s problems. - [Myanmar and China’s Economic Interests](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-and-chinas-economic-interests/) - China’s response to the 2021 military coup seems to have been organized around three factors, in terms of their position on Myanmar. These are: (1) avoiding being labeled as the villain, while also remaining conscious of the political climate, avoiding any situations where - [Facing the Tailspin, the Country Shall Fall Upside Down (Part-1)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-XAUTFptwU&t=10s) - The survey findings are divided into five parts, and this week, we present the Pandemoniac Consequences of the conscription law as part 1. - [Facing the Tailspin, the Country Shall Fall Upside Down (Part-2)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GscN1Q3ZZO4) - This week, we continue with part 2, focusing on the impacts of Resource Extraction, Natural Disasters and Relief Efforts. - [Fleeing Abroad](https://ispmyanmar.com/fleeing-abroad/) - [Conscription Law and its Pandemoniac Consequences](https://ispmyanmar.com/conscription-law-and-its-pandemoniac-consequences/) - [Border Trade Amidst Conflicts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkZOzjgHzvQ&t=5s) - As clashes intensified, Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) took control of border trade stations, halting cross-border trade and causing a rise in illegal trading activities. - [Increase in Illegal Trade](https://ispmyanmar.com/increase-in-illegal-trade/) - [ Border Trade Routes: Old, New, and Potentials](https://ispmyanmar.com/border-trade-routes-old-new-and-potentials/) - [Myanmar-China Border Trade Stations](https://ispmyanmar.com/border-trade-amidst-conflicts/) - [SAC Pledges to Protect Chinese Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/sac-pledges-to-protect-chinese-projects/) - [Seized Chinese Projects in Rakhine State](https://ispmyanmar.com/seized-chinese-projects-in-rakhine-state/) - [SAC Lost Control of Chinese Projects in Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/sac-lost-control-of-chinese-projects-in-northern-shan/) - [Timeline of SNLD Efforts Towards Federal Democracy](https://visual.ispmyanmar.com/snld#new_tab) - Between 1990 and 2023, the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD) has persistently worked towards achieving federal democracy in Myanmar. Over the years, the party has navigated through political challenges and socio-economic changes, standing as a symbol of resilience and determination in the pursuit of Democratic ideals and Federalism. The timeline highlights the continuous efforts - [SAC Loses Its Grip on Chinese Projects](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMMOJ7KTYSM) - Numerous Chinese investment projects in Rakhine State, northern Shan State, and adjacent regions have come under the control of Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and People's Defense Forces (PDFs). - [New Women Diplomats](https://ispmyanmar.com/new-women-diplomats/) - [China's Efforts Regarding Myanmar's Political Crisis](https://ispmyanmar.com/chinas-efforts-regarding-myanmars-political-crisis/) - [China FM's Naypyitaw Visit](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-fms-naypyitaw-visit/) - [Nine Chinese Projects in Rakhine State Under AA’s Partial Control](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-63/) - As of August 18, 2024, the Arakan Army (AA) has gained partial control over nine out of 11 Chinese Projects in Rakhine State. - [Ten Chinese Projects Seized in Northern Shan and Surrounding Areas](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-62/) - As of August 18, 2024, Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) have fully seized ten out of 19 Chinese projects located in northern Shan State and central lowlands. - [One RMC Has Fallen With Nine Others On the Frontlines](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-57/) - This map illustrates the current status of the regional military commands (RMCs) under the State Administration Council (SAC) amidst ongoing armed conflict following the coup. - [SAC Relinquished 60 Percent of Towns in Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-58/) - In the three years since the coup, at least 14,457 clashes have occurred in over 233 townships across the country. - [EAOs Control 91 Percent of Myanmar-China Cross-Border Trade Value](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-60/) - Over three years after the coup, the total border trade value at five Myanmar-China border trade stations reached USD 10.3 billion. - [Border Trade Routes: Old, New, and Potentials](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-61/) - After the trade route in Northern Shan came to a halt, the State Administration Council (SAC) attempted to establish a new route. - [Tragic Toll: 57 Massacres Claimed Over 1,200 Civilian Lives](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-59/) - Amidst ongoing armed conflict following the coup, there were over 57 incidents of civilian massacres, resulting in over 1,224 deaths. - [China's Strategies and Initiatives in Myanmar's Crisis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qScBvO0UJvY&t=1s) - In response to the seizure of Chinese investments, China's Foreign Minister visited Myanmar, and a new female ambassador, along with consuls, were appointed. - [Top Officials' Trip to China](https://ispmyanmar.com/top-officials-trip-to-china/) - [Everyday crisis for Myanmar people](https://ispmyanmar.com/everyday-crisis-for-myanmar-people/) - [Yangon Threatened by Cholera](https://ispmyanmar.com/yangon-threatned-by-cholera/) - [Flooding in Upper Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/flooding-in-upper-myanmar/) - [China Invites Political Parties for a Visit](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-invites-political-parties-for-a-visit/) - [Media and Religious Group's China Trip](https://ispmyanmar.com/media-and-religious-groups-china-trip/) - [Over 6.3 Milllion IDPs since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-6-3-milllion-idps-since-the-coup/) - [Additional 2 Million IDPs After Operation 1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/additional-2-million-idps-after-operation-1027/) - [More than 6,300 civillian deaths in armed clashes](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-6300-civillian-deaths-in-armed-clashes/) - [Death Exceeds 2,400 Following Operation 1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/death-exceeds-2400-following-operation-1027/) - [Over 5,800 airstrikes across the country](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-5800-airstrikes-across-the-country/) - [Nearly 45 percent of townships attacked by airstrikes](https://ispmyanmar.com/nearly-45-percent-of-townships-attacked-by-airstrikes/) - [Airstrikes doubled following Operation 1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/airstrikes-doubled-following-operation-1027/) - [Karenni suffered the most airstrike in nine months](https://ispmyanmar.com/karenni-suffered-the-most-airstrike-in-nine-months/) - [Over 100,000 Houses and Buildings Burnt Nationwide](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-100000-houses-and-buildings-burnt-nationwide-2/) - [Most Arson Destructions in the Sagaing Region](https://ispmyanmar.com/most-arson-destructions-in-the-sagaing-region/) - [Increased Torching in Rakhine State Post Operation 1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/increased-torching-in-rakhine-state-post-operation-1027/) - [A Sustained Economic Decline in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-29/) - Many economies of the world have recovered from their economic recession due to the Covid-19 pandemic, but Myanmar is an exception. By the accumulating adverse effects of the military coup in 2021, Myanmar remains the only economy in East Asia that has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels of economic activity. - [All Armed and on the Verge of Breakdown](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-28/) - Once-renowned reporter, A Htauk Taw U Ohn Myint, wrote a collection of articles on the scenes of post-independence insurrection, entitled ‘All Armed and Leading to Trouble’, and the great performance artist, the Great U Po Sein, acted in a drama with a similar title. - [Drowning in the Vicious Cycle of Gambling](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-22/) - This week’s ISP Insight Email No. 22 focuses on a series of concerning developments. One key setback since the military coup has been the proliferation of illicit gambling dens in Myanmar, which have ensnared many individuals in the debilitating cycle of betting. - [Omnipresent: Illicit Drugs Everywhere](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-23/) - The weather in Naypyitaw is gloomy with unpredictable clouds and rainfall. For this week's insight email No. 23, ISP-Myanmar focuses on developments relating to Naypyitaw. The newsletter also highlights a growing substance abuse problem in Myanmar with illicit drugs easily accessible in most townships, as demonstrated by ISP-Myanmar's socio-economic survey. - [A Few Good Men: The Military’s Succession Crisis](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-025/) - In this week’s Insight Email No. 25, ISP-Myanmar focuses on the incident of the Mung Lai Hkyet explosion and what the consequences could be. In addition, it gives an analysis of “the Military’s Succession Crisis” and the widening generation gaps in military leadership. - [Naypyitawlogy](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-24/) - There used to be talk of Kremlinology, Pyongyangology, and Pekingology, the study and speculation on politics and policy changes in closed societies, and now we have something we can call ‘Naypyitawlogy’. - [Myanmar's Deep Fissures Make Explosive Powder Keg](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-deep-fissures-make-explosive-powder-keg/) - A tenuous civilian-military dance. Simmering Burman Buddhist nationalism. An impatient populace that is struggling with rising prices and power cuts, amid record-high GDP growth. A popular but inexperienced political leadership inching toward what some call "liberal authoritarianism". - [Talking trash: Cleaning up Bagan](https://ispmyanmar.com/talking-trash-cleaning-up-bagan/) - The mystic lure of the ancient pagodas in Bagan attracts thousands of visitors every year. And with Burma’s tourist figures set to increase dramatically in the near future, steps must be taken to ensure the historical site is conserved and protected. Such an influx of tourists inevitably means tons of garbage: plastic bags, bottles, food - [A Southern Adventure in the Myeik Islands](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-southern-adventure-in-the-myeik-islands/) - KAWTHAUNG, Tanintharyi Division—The rumors we had heard that the remote Myeik archipelago was a difficult place to visit meant that we almost didn’t go. That would have been a big mistake. Getting to the departure point for our five day trip through some of the area’s 800-plus islands was just a plane ride from Yangon - [The opium bulbs of Myanmar: drug crop or lifeline for poor farmers?](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-opium-bulbs-of-myanmar-drug-crop-or-lifeline-for-poor-farmers/) - Rural development programmes to wean poppy farmers off their illicit crop contend with lack of roads, water and power in remote areas plagued by militias. U Bo sits on the floor of his bamboo hut and puts away a plastic tray covered with a small heap of what looks like sticky, brown tar. This is - [Burma: Rights Priorities for New Government](https://ispmyanmar.com/burma-rights-priorities-for-new-government/) - Plan of Action Needed for Legal Reform, Minority Rights, Accountability (New York) ­– Burma’s new government led by the National League for Democracy (NLD) should signal human rights are a top priority by presenting a plan of action to begin long-needed reforms, Human Rights Watch said today in a letter to new president Htin Kyaw. - [Linking Women and Land in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/linking-women-and-land-in-myanmar/) - Recognising Gender in the National Land Use Policy What are the potential gender implications of the current land use policy draft in Myanmar? How might it be improved to promote and strengthen women’s land rights? Introduction The draft National Land Use Policy (NLUP) that was unveiled for public comment in October 2014 intends to create - [Papers: Developing Disparity](https://ispmyanmar.com/developing-disparity-regional-investment-in-borderlands/) - The reform process and the subsequent political and economic changes in Burma/Myanmar have sparked great investment interest among governments and the private sector in the region and beyond. Large-scale investment projects are focused on the borderlands, which is where most of the natural resources in Burma – and indeed the Mekong region – are to be - [Reports: Burma Votes for Change](https://ispmyanmar.com/burma-votes-for-change-the-new-configuration-of-power-2/) - The New Configuration of Power Burma’s 8 November 2015 general elections—won in a landslide by the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi—have ushered in the second phase of the country’s political transition. The NLD won 390 (79.4 percent) of the 491 (due to the cancellation of seven townships) total - [Aung San Suu Kyi’s Wishful Peace](https://ispmyanmar.com/aung-san-suu-kyis-wishful-peace/) - YANGON — Early this month, just days after a round of major talks in the capital, Naypyidaw, fighting broke out between the armed forces and the ethnic Kachin Independence Army in the northern state of Kachin. Ahead of a clearing operation, the Myanmar military airdropped pamphlets ordering residents of Tanai township to leave and warned - [Building Critical Mass for Peace in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/building-critical-mass-for-peace-in-myanmar/) - Executive Summary Myanmar’s latest peace conference, held on 24-29 May 2017, made welcome progress. Following a deal brokered by China on the eve of the meeting, more armed groups came to Naypyitaw than expected. On the final day, they agreed on 37 “principles” for a future peace accord, including a key provision that the state - [China Showers Myanmar With Attention, as Trump Looks Elsewhere](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-showers-myanmar-with-attention-as-trump-looks-elsewhere/) - By JANE PERLEZ JULY 19, 2017 NAYPYIDAW, Myanmar — When Myanmar’s leader, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, wanted to hold a peace conference to end her country’s long-burning insurgencies, a senior Chinese diplomat went to work. The official assembled scores of rebel leaders, many with longstanding connections to China, briefed them on the peace gathering - [Lives on Loan - Report](https://ispmyanmar.com/lives-on-loan-report/) - Is Yangon is an exciting place, commercial hub of the country and former capital with a large urban population. While just 30 percent of the country’s people live in urban areas, a finding shows that urban poverty is (34.6 percent) of the population and which is higher than expected. Save the Children, in collaboration with - [Aung San Suu Kyi, a Much-Changed Icon, Evades Rohingya Accusations](https://ispmyanmar.com/aung-san-suu-kyi-a-much-changed-icon-evades-rohingya-accusations/) - A version of this article appears in print on September 20, 2017, on Page A8 of the New York edition with the headline: Myanmar Leader, a Nobel Laureate, Defends Military From Rohingya Accusations. Aung San Suu Kyi, a Much-Changed Icon, Evades Rohingya Accusations By RICHARD C. PADDOCK and HANNAH BEECH NAYPYIDAW, Myanmar — Daw Aung - [Myanmar drawn into China’s shadow: report](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-drawn-into-chinas-shadow-report/) - News coverage on report launch from the Myanmar Times (27 FEB 2018) Myanmar has been drawn into the sphere of influence of its superpower neighbour – China – advancing the Chinese geostrategic interests through the so-called “Guanxi” diplomacy as Western powers retreat from the country, a local think tank has said in a report. The - [Over 100,000 Houses and Buildings Burnt Nationwide](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_VsQnF0a-w#new_tab) - In the three and a half years since the coup, over 100,000 houses and buildings have been destroyed across the country amidst ongoing armed conflicts. - [Conflict in 70 Percent of Total Townships(Update as of July 22, 2024)](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-56/) - In the three years since the coup, at least 14,457 clashes have occurred across 233 out of 330 townships in Myanmar, accounting for over 70 percent of the total townships. - [Over 5,800 Airstrikes Across the Nation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jgRqZmWK18#new_tab) - The frequency of airstrikes by the SAC has surged nationwide following the launch of Operation 1027. ISP-Myanmar provides detailed insights on this situation. - [China's Multi-Layered Engagement Intensifies](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdG_4j6aGFc) - China’s engagement activities with Myanmar are increasing intensively in multiple layers. The engagements involve not only ethnic groups like FPNCC, but also high-ranking officials of the SAC, media, and religious organizations. - [Over 6.3 Million Refugees Post-Coup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGBlhiym8OI#new_tab) - Following the coup, the nationwide armed conflict has significantly surged the number of internally displaced people (IDPs) as well as civilian deaths. - [Sagaing Region Faced The Most Widespread Humanitarian Crises](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-51/) - ISP-Myanmar conducted a study to assess the humanitarian crisis level in these townships using the Humanitarian Crises Index based on the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs). - [Impact of Conflict: High Intensity in 18% of All Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-53/) - ISP-Myanmar conducted a study to assess the level of conflict impact on these townships using three indexes: the Security Risk Index, the Humanitarian Crises Index, and the Public Service Absence Index. - [Women Peace and Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWM94ch8nIU) - The UNSC's Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) will mark its 24th anniversary in October. Today, challenges and obstacles regarding gender equality, security, and justice remain. This week, Myanmar’s WPS conditions following the coup in 2021 are presented. - [Myanmar’s Women, Peace and Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTpdue_fEaM) - The barriers to achieving equality in peace and security for women have intensified. This week’s ISP Clip No. (98) presents a fact-based analysis of this. The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on Myanmar’s issues in the areas: Conflict, Peace and Security, China Studies, and Political Economy. These clips - [KIA’s Intense Offensive](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVygTjILBYU) - Since early March this year, there has been an escalation of offensive by the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) in and around its headquarters in Laiza and across Kachin State. This week’s ISP Clip No. (99) presents a fact-based analysis of this. The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on - [Myanmar People Adrift in A Sea of Crises](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJKLoUx7BRE) - The people of Myanmar are still dealing with extreme weather events following last year's El Niño events, including flooding and outbreaks of cholera and other diseases. - [Conflict in 70 Percent of Total Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-55/) - In the three years since the coup, at least 14,374 clashes have occurred across 233 out of 330 townships in Myanmar, accounting for 70 percent of the total townships. - [Conflict Engagement Across Regional Military Commands](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-54/) - This map illustrates the current operational status of regional military commands (RMCs) under the State Administration Council (SAC) amidst ongoing armed conflict following the coup. - [Evolving Federal Landscape (Part-2)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjWh1KPT2Ug) - Myanmar has repeatedly attempted to form a 'Union' alongside its quest for independence but has yet to succeed. - [Unpacking the Political Economy of Myanmar's Civil War](https://ispmyanmar.com/unpacking-the-political-economy-of-myanmars-civil-war/) - The State Administration Council (SAC) relinquished control of the Myawaddy town in Karen State on April 11, 2024, and forgo the control of approximately 60 percent of Myanmar’s cross-border trade. - [Introduction to Sino-Myanmar Relations: Survey 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/introduction-to-sino-myanmar-relations-survey-2023/) - This event was held on April 6, 2024, exclusively for ISP Gabyin Community members. This English translation of the event's recap memo was published on May 17, 2024. DVB broadcasts the recorded video with English subtitle of the live event on its channel regularly on Mondays and Wednesdays. - [Naypyitawlogy - Three Words Characterizing Naypyitaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/naypyitawlogy-three-words-characterizing-naypyitaw/) - The recap memo of the 30 Minutes with the ISP live event held on May 11, 2024, highlighting the three key descriptors that characterize Naypyitaw: "Hollowed-out," "Corrosion," and "Stormy Political Climate." - [Evolving Federal Landscape (Part-1)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHg9ylhR0KU) - Despite facing various challenges and obstacles in its quest for independence and union formation, Myanmar is presently in the process of transformation. - [Politics of Civil Society in Hybrid Regime (MMRQ Vol 1, No 1)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-quarterly-journal/) - The Myanmar Quarterly Vol.1, No.1. October, 2016. Politics of Civil Society in Hybrid Regime Burma/Myanmar has entered its second phase of political transition, shifting power from the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) government to the elected National League for Democracy (NLD) party led by Aung San Suu Kyi in April 2016. Contrary to - [Process, Sequence, and Equilibrium in Myanmar’s Federal Democratic State Formation: Tentative Proposals (MMRQ Vol 1, No 2)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-quarterly-journal-vol-1-no-2/) - The Myanmar Quarterly Vol – 1, No 2. February - March, 2017. Page - 401 Process, Sequence, and Equilibrium in Myanmar’s Federal Democratic State Formation: Tentative Proposals Content I. Editor’s Note II. Foreword by Donald L. Horowitz III. Cover Stories, Interviews and Book Reviews Cover Stories (a) Process, Sequence, and Equilibrium in Myanmar’s Federal Democratic - [An assessment of Myanmar’s political transition: Success and Challenges (MMRQ Vol 1, No 3)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-quarterly-journal-vol-1-no-3/) - The Myanmar Quarterly Vol-1, No-3. July-August, 2017. Page - 564 An assessment of Myanmar’s political transition: Success and Challenges Content I. Editor's Note II. Foreword by Dan Slater III. Cover Stories, Interviews and Book Reviews Cover Stories (a) Factors influencing success and failure of democratic transition and policy proposal for Myanmar by Aung Thu - [China’s Multi-layered Engagement Strategy and Myanmar’s Realities: The Best Fit for Beijing Policy Preferences - Report](https://ispmyanmar.com/chinas-multi-layered-engagement-strategy-and-myanmars-realities-the-best-fit-for-beijing-policy-preferences/) - The Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar’s new report “China’s Multi-layered Engagement Strategy and Myanmar’s Realities: The Best Fit for Beijing Policy Preferences.” This report identifies China’s preferences toward Myanmar by exploring the various patterns of China’s recent engagement with diverse stakeholders from Myanmar. (Full report) available at Amazon Kindle Store. - [Managing Change: Executive Policymaking in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/managing-change-executive-policymaking-in-myanmar/) - Since 2011, Myanmar has undergone a daunting transition from entrenched military rule to a more democratic form of governance that can address longstanding political, economic and social fissures. As the transition continues, what has become increasingly clear is that one of the biggest challenges for the government is how to solve technical problems by crafting - [Security integration efforts in Myanmar (1945-2010): A historical overview](https://ispmyanmar.com/security-integration-efforts-in-myanmar-1945-2010-a-historical-overview/) - ISP-Myanmar's briefing paper __ December 2018. - [Evolving Preference and Strategy of Tatmadaw Regarding Peace Process in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/evolving-preference-and-strategy-of-tatmadaw-regarding-peace-process-in-myanmar/) - ISP-Myanmar's briefing paper __ December 2018. - [Social Justice: Seeking Fairness in Myanmar's Diverse Society (MMRQ Vol 1,No 4)](https://ispmyanmar.com/social-justice-seeking-fairness-in-myanmars-diverse-society-mmrq-no-4/) - Editor’s note The current issue of Myanmar Quarterly covers the concept of “social justice” from several perspectives. Social justice is a critical element for addressing important issues in Myanmar that range from constitutional reform and ethnic equality to labor and land rights and policies for resources and environmental management. In contemporary Myanmar society, we find - [Assessment on Lawmakers’ understanding of Federal and Democratic Principles in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/assessment-on-lawmakers-understanding-of-federal-and-democratic-principles-in-myanmar/) - In the lead up to Myanmar’s 2020 general election, international and local organizations are busy preparing policy-related curriculum for candidates, political parties are also planning trainings for party members and potential candidates. - [International Actors in Myanmar’s Peace Process (Research Report)](https://ispmyanmar.com/international-actors-in-myanmars-peace-process-research-report/) - The working research paper on “International Actors in Myanmar’s Peace Process” written by Aung Thu Nyein, director of communication and outreach program of ISP-Myanmar is available to download from this link. - [Statement of ISP-Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/statement-of-isp-myanmar/) - ISP-Myanmar strongly condemns the coup d'état that occurred on February 1, 2021, and firmly asserts that there is no justification for such an action. Prior to this event, ISP-Myanmar had consistently voiced its opposition to any coup as a solution to political crises. - [Survey Brief and Key Findings](https://ispmyanmar.com/survey-brief-and-key-findings/) - The survey indicates that there is no significant gap between individuals who perceived China to be a good neighbor and those who disagreed with this perception. - [Appendix](https://ispmyanmar.com/appendix/) - This survey employed a quantitative research methodology implemented in four steps. The first stage encompassed pre-survey arrangements and formulating survey design, which entailed constructing a work plan, conducting focus group discussions with potential participants, developing baseline data and validating existing data. - [Chinese Technology Usage](https://ispmyanmar.com/chinese-technology-usage/) - This section explores the findings related to key stakeholders’ perceptions of critical questions such as: Do survey respondents use information and communications technology and devices made by Chinese companies? - [Perceptions of China’s Soft Power](https://ispmyanmar.com/perceptions-of-chinas-soft-power/) - This section showcases the findings of key stakeholders’ perceptions on four critical questions, such as: How beneficial is China’s development aid? - [Myanmar’s Perceptions of China’s Regional Integration Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmars-perceptions-of-chinas-regional-integration-projects/) - This section presents the findings of key stakeholders’ perceptions of several critical questions such as: What is the awareness of China’s regional integration projects? - [China–Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-myanmar-economic-corridor-cmec-projects/) - This section delves into the findings regarding the perceptions of key stakeholders on several critical questions: Which country benefits more from the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) projects? - [Sino–Myanmar Economic Relations](https://ispmyanmar.com/sino-myanmar-economic-relations/) - This section showcases the findings regarding key stakeholders’ perceptions on several questions, including: How beneficial are China’s economic investments for Myanmar’s people? - [Perceptions of the Role of China in Myanmar’s Peace Process](https://ispmyanmar.com/perceptions-of-the-role-of-china-in-myanmars-peace-process/) - This section presents the findings regarding key stakeholders' perceptions on several critical questions. These questions include: What impact does China’s involvement have on Myanmar’s peace process? - [Perceptions of the Role of China in Myanmar’s Political Crisis](https://ispmyanmar.com/perceptions-of-the-role-of-china-in-myanmars-political-crisis/) - This section details the findings regarding key stakeholders’ perceptions of several critical questions, such as: To what extent does China’s involvement bring a positive influence in resolving Myanmar’s political crisis? - [General Perceptions of China](https://ispmyanmar.com/general-perceptions-of-china/) - This section presents the findings regarding key stakeholders' perceptions on several critical questions: Is China considered a beneficial neighbor for Myanmar? - [Notification of Deliberate Disinformation](https://ispmyanmar.com/notification-of-deliberate-disinformation/) - The article "Additional People May be Included in US Sanctions," published on The Raw Facebook page on February 5, 2021, constitutes deliberate disinformation. This false news was disseminated on February 13 and again on February 18, 2021, and was widely shared. - [Sagaing and Shan Faced High Levels of Public Service Absences](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-52/) - ISP-Myanmar conducted a study to assess the level of public service absence in these townships using the Public Service Absence Index. - [High Intensity in Security Risk Index Among 49 Percent of All Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-50/) - ISP-Myanmar conducted a study to assess the security risk level in these townships using the Security Risk Index, a composite index based on the number of clashes, airstrikes, arson, and fatalities. - [China’s Aid Increased](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5szfhQbUAg#new_tab) - Official assistance from China to Myanmar has become more prominent in recent days. This week's ISP clip provides a detailed analysis based on the available data regarding this matter. - [ISP-Myanmar’s Urgent Appeal](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-myanmars-urgent-appeal-2/) - The Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) clearly expressed its protest against the military coup on February 1, 2021. In our public statement on February 5, we urged the junta to find a peaceful solution by means of political dialogue with key stakeholders in order to resolve all crises caused by the coup. - [Call for the immediate release of Aung Myo Htet, a member of ISP-Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/call-for-the-immediate-release-of-aung-myo-htet-a-member-of-isp-myanmar-2/) - Aung Myo Htet, a staff member of the Institute for Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar), was detained by state security forces while sitting in a tea shop in Kanbalu, Sagaing region on the morning of April 20. - [Changes in China-Myanmar Border Trade](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vISDo9VUQjE) - For almost eight months, the important trade camps at the China-Myanmar border have not been able to reoperate. Additionally, the border trade routes have changed. - [EAOs Control Almost 95% of China-Myanmar Cross-Border Trade Value Following Operation 1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-49/) - Within three years after the coup, the total border trade value at five China-Myanmar border trade stations reached around USD 9.3 billion. - [Conflict in 70% of Total Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-48/) - Within three years since the coup, out of a total of 330 townships in Myanmar, at least 14,317 clashes occurred in at least 233 townships, accounting for 70 percent of the total. - [Over Eight Towns Ceded by MAF in Myanmar-Bangladesh Border Districts](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-47/) - Four towns, making up about eight percent of the district, are situated in the Myanmar-Bangladesh border districts. - [Over 12 Towns Ceded by MAF in Myanmar-India Border Districts](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-46/) - In all districts bordering India (excluding Naga Self-Administered Districts), the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) lost control of towns. - [Over Eight Towns Ceded by MAF in Myanmar-Thailand Border Districts](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-45/) - Following Operation 1027, Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and resistance forces seized more than 53 towns throughout the nation. - [EAOs Exert Territorial Control Over 53% of China's Project Value in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-43/) - ISP-Myanmar's database reveals 66 projects either planned or underway by China in Myanmar. Only the data for 30 projects out of these are publicly available - [Over 17 Towns Ceded by MAF in Myanmar-China Border Districts](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-44/) - After Operation 1027, Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and resistance forces took control of more than 53 towns across the country. - [Aung Zaya Operation: SAC's Struggle to Advance](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMZ9M9RN75g) - For months, the SAC has been conducting a military operation called "Aung Zaya" to regain full control of Myawaddy town in Karen State. - [State Administration Council with Drastic Changes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRJpRduwMmc) - In May of this year, the junta leader made further changes to his administrative mechanism. - [The Impact of Intense Armed Conflict (Part 2)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zT5qDFgO7nE) - As nationwide armed conflict gradually intensifies, humanitarian and public service provision crises across Myanmar are becoming increasingly intense. - [The Impact of Intense Armed Conflict (Part 1)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRSTbnDExB4) - Along with the nationwide armed conflict, there is a high intensity of humanitarian and public service provision crises. - [Widespread Corruption in Myanmar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uK_jF7z2WHU) - In post-coup Myanmar, public servants are more likely to compensate for their failing living standard with corruption given the high inflation and the lack of check-and-balance mechanism. - [Beijing’s Cross-border Arrests in Myanmar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FBDUczdsBM) - Dissatisfied with the State Administration Council’s (SAC) efforts on crackdown of cross-border crimes, Beijing has undertaken its own initiatives towards arresting suspects in the Kokang and Wa areas. - [SAC Chairman’s Peacebuilding Process](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EntYmYGX7FI) - The recent commemoration of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) marked its eighth year since signing. - [Signaling Effect of the Operation 1027](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQXmX_9_12U) - The Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA)'s Operation 1027, initiated on October 27, 2023, has significantly altered the armed conflict dynamics in Myanmar following the coup. - [The Operation 1027 and Chinese Investments in Northern Shan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IjDlutAWL8) - This week’s ISP Clip No. 79 presents a fact-based analysis of China's invested projects in northern Shan State, amidst the ongoing Operation 1027 by the Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) and allied forces, as well as the border trade-related situations in the region. - [Cybercrime Syndicate Crackdowns](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOa-XPYRVvg) - As the Operation 1027 intensifies, cybercrime syndicates are being swiftly eradicated. This week’s ISP Clip No. (80) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [China’s Response to the Operation 1027](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUGikzila2c) - While China's response to the Operation 1027 is overall general, it harbors some concerns. - [Conflict Intensities Following The Operation 1027](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mbc4dMSY9Q) - Following the Operation 1027, armed conflicts have expanded to encompass a broader area, including Northern Shan State, Rakhine State, Chin State, Sagaing Region, Kayin State, and beyond, affecting the entire country. - [A Sustained Economic Decline in Myanmar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZYfnDGYZsE) - Myanmar's economic growth rate is declining without any signs of development. This week’s ISP Clip No. (83) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Over 4 Millions War Refugees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9GiE0lsqco) - As the coup approaches its third year, over four million refugees have fled the war across the country. - [Conflict Intensities Following The Coup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ouGjjjhUZE) - In the almost three years since the coup, conflict has intensified with the proliferation of armed groups. - [Beyond the Operation 1027](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZbtYijrJgg) - Following the ceasefire between the Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) and the State Administration Council (SAC), the potential repercussions of Operation 1027 remain uncertain. - [Only 8 per cent Political Prisoners in 14 Amnesties](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sSeyYi-Onk) - In the 14 amnesties of the State Administration Council (SAC), only about 8 per cent of political prisoners have been granted. - [Conflict Spreading to Southern Rakhine, Site of Chinese Projects](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1IFHMAbm9A) - Since the start of this year, the conflict in northern Rakhine has extended to southern Rakhine, where Chinese projects are situated. - [The Emerging New Faces of Wa Leadership](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PY6M0XippxU) - The MNDAA delegation trip in the last week of January 2024 saw the emergence of youth leadership from the UWSP/UWSA. - [More Nationwide Airstrikes Post-Coup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CS1sE9_AA00) - Following the Operation 1027, the State Administration Council (SAC) has significantly increased nationwide airstrikes. - [Deteriorating Size of the SAC and the Conscription Law](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWHIuXl6Hxw) - The State Administration Council (SAC) has enforced the Conscription Law following their deteriorating strength. - [Crises Across Myanmar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDW6r0fAS9Y) - The escalation of conflict across Myanmar has led to high intensity of security risk, public service absence and humanitarian crises. - [The SAC’s Rickety Administration](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Gy60iAb_GY) - In the three years following the coup, the junta has undergone multiple reshufflings at the top of its administration. This week’s ISP Clip No. (94) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Global Kyar Phyant Crackdown](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWxVGjDR2Nc) - Various organizations globally are actively working to eliminate Kyar Phyant, online scams and cybercrime syndicates. This week’s ISP Clip No. (95) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [China-Myanmar Border Trade](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=na0Xa6vg1cc) - Various organizations globally are actively working to eliminate Kyar Phyant, online scams and cybercrime syndicates. This week’s ISP Clip No. (96) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations Part 5](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlPoQ7tQJnQ) - This week's Part 5 focuses on more perceptions of China's Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) project. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations Part 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5mMecK8WIA) - This week's Part 4 focuses on perceptions of China's Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) project. - [China & Myanmar: Major Projects and Conflicts in the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-01/) - Since before the military coup, the majority of strategic projects designed to boost activity in the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor have been implemented in ethnic minority areas where armed conflicts occur most frequently. In particular, border economic cooperation zone projects are mostly based in northern Shan State where at least 7 ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) are active, and where projects such as the construction of the Muse-Mandalay high-speed rail are planned to be built mostly through townships affected by armed clashes. Similarly, since the coup, Myanmar’s internal conflict map has expanded to incorporate escalating conflicts between State Administration Council (SAC) forces and Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs), between EAOs themselves, as well as the burgeoning conflict between SAC forces and the newly formed local defense forces (PDF/ LDF/ CDF/ KNDF etc.). - [Conflict Map of Northwestern Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-02/) - The northwest region of Myanmar, including Chin State, Sagaing, and Magway regions, has become the most active area for armed resistance among all regions where fighting erupted across the country since the coup. - [China & Myanmar: Major Projects and Conflicts in the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-03/) - The majority of strategic projects designed to boost activity in the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor are, currently, going to be implemented in ethnic minority areas where armed conflicts are most frequent. After the military coup, Myanmar’s internal conflict map expanded to incorporate escalating conflicts between State Administration Council (SAC) forces and Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs), as well as the burgeoning conflict between the newly formed local defense forces and SAC forces. Local People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) have also strengthened their forces in townships where the China-backed Letpadaung Copper Mine and the Tagaung Nickel-Processing Plant are located. - [Conflict Map of the Karenni Region](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-04/) - Of all Myanmar’s regions, the Karenni Region, which includes Kayah State and southern Shan State’s Pekon Township, has become one of the regions that has experienced some of the most sustained armed resistance to the post-coup military regime. There were at least 247 skirmishes and 123 military airstrikes. ISP-Myanmar Mapping shows the main areas of conflict in the Karenni region, locations of the clashes, where military airstrikes were conducted and houses burned down, as well as locations where the civilians were killed and highlights the areas and totals of internally displaced citizens. This data is based on information obtained between from May 21, 2021 and to April 30, 2022. - [Conflict Map of Southeastern Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-05/) - Of all armed ethnic groups, the Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army (KNU/KNLA) has clashed with junta forces most often since the coup. With the increasing number of clashes in the southeast of Myanmar, the clashes have become intensified, and the conflict has become more widespread in eastern Bago Region, Karen and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region. This conflict map by ISP-Myanmar shows locations where battles broke out, locations of airstrikes by junta forces, where houses were torched and destroyed, as well as the numbers of civilian deaths and refugees in the region. - [China’s Major Investment Projects and Conflict Map](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-06/) - Since the military coup in February 2021, the conflict map of Myanmar has become broader and larger as a result of armed conflicts between SAC forces and ethnic armed organizations, as well as between SAC forces and newly formed local defense forces. A number of China's major projects have either come under attack or have been threatened as a result of conflicts in project areas. Most clashes took place in the area surrounding the Letpadaung Copper Mine. Later in June, Wanbao announced that it had suspended operations at the mine for more than 16 months. - [Guangxi-Yangon New Maritime Route](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-07/) - A new maritime trade route, Guangxi - Yangon which will directly connect Qinzhou port in Beibu gulf port in China’s Guangxi to Yangon port in Myanmar, was opened on October 28, 2022. The new trade route will connect the ports in member states of the China-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). - [Clashes Double in Areas Close to Chinese Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/clashes-double-in-areas-close-to-chinese-projects/) - The conflict map of Myanmar has become broader and larger as a result of armed conflicts following the coup. Among more than 7,800 clashes nationwide, at least 300 took place in areas where China's major projects are located or near China's potential project areas. - [Armed Clashes in Chin State: Total Over 590](https://ispmyanmar.com/armed-clashes-in-chin-state-total-over-590/) - From the 2021 Coup until November 2022, Chin State experienced at least 592 violent clashes across all its nine townships. These clashes were predominantly between the State Administration Council (SAC) forces and the People Defense Forces (PDFs), or between the SAC forces and EthnicRevolutionary Organizations (EROs). Of all the townships, Mindat township had the highest total of clashes - over 125. The total number of airstrikes conducted in the whole Chin State was at least 33; Paletwa township, where the Arakan Army is active, suffered the highest number of airstrikes - at least 27. - [Three New China-Myanmar Cross-Border Trade Routes](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-10/) - Since the coup in February 2021, three new rail-road-sea cross-border trade routes connecting China and Myanmar have emerged. These three routes were not initially part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and they facilitate access by China’s western provinces to the Indian Ocean and neighboring countries in the region. - [Clashes and Martial Law Townships in the Past Two Years](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-12/) - This figure shows locations and number of clashes, and townships where martial law has been declared in the past two years since the coup (from February 2021 to January 2023). - [Armed Groups in Martial Law Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-11/) - This figure shows locations and number of clashes, which occurred in the past two years since the coup (From February 2021 to January 2023) and armed groups active in martial law townships. - [Locations of Massacres](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-13/) - At least 19 massacres occurred as a result of armed conflicts after the coup. At least 10 victims were killed in each massacre. - [Conflict Map of Shan and Kayah States](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-14/) - At least 48 resistance force battalions are active in Kayah State and Southern Shan State, where 18 battalions and one division from the SAC are conducting offensive operations. Additionally, SAC-allied militias are also present in these areas. - [ILSTC and CMEC Integration](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-16/) - The new International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (ILSTC) is a multisectoral logistics corridor, connecting western China and ASEAN by shortening the transport distance and trade time cost. - [Conflict Declined by 50% Near Chinese Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-17/) - Within a span of two years between the coup and May 31, 2023, at least 2,248 clashes occurred in 61 townships where China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) projects are set to be implemented or where other Chinese projects are already underway. - [Mung Lai Hkyet Explosion in Context](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-18/) - This diagram illustrates the on-ground situation, including the locations of IDP camps, SAC military posts, KIO headquarters territory, and frontline areas near Laiza in Waingmaw Township, Kachin State. - [Post-coup Civilian Massacres](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-19/) - There were more than 22 incidents of massacres inflicted on civilians during post-coup armed conflicts in Myanmar. This mapping indicates the locations of massacre incidents which resulted in over 10 civilian casualties. - [Fully Light Group’s Economic Empire](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-20/) - The following analysis focuses on the economic empire of U Maung Maung (Liu Zhengxiang), one of the eleven businessmen arrested by the Chinese government in Kokang. Fully Light Group, headquartered in Kokang - [Resumed Fighting Between SAC Forces and TNLA in its Context](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-21/) - Since July 2023, intense fighting resumed between SAC forces and Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). This mapping shows townships and villages where these clashes broke out, the offensives of SAC forces, and the military posts of both sides in the past four months. - [‘Operation 1027’ and Concerning Context](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-22/) - Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) forces launched the military ‘Operation 1027’ on October 27, 2023, and simultaneously attacked junta bases in northern Shan State. Within a few days, the Allied forces had seized four towns, including Chinshwehaw, on the China-Myanmar border, and claimed control of Hsenwi. - [‘Operation 1027’ and the Context of Chinese Investment Projects](https://ispmyanmar.com/operation-1027-and-the-context-of-chinese-investment-projects/) - Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) forces have extended their control to the areas of Chinese projects in Northern Shan State during the ‘Operation 1027’. - [War Expanding Post ‘Operation 1027’](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-24/) - A total of at least 12,225 post-coup armed conflicts occurred in at least 221 townships across Myanmar. Since the launch of ‘Operation 1027’ by the three Brother Alliance and its allies on October 27, 2023, the map of armed conflicts has expanded across the country. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations Part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5DxIey7XmZY) - ISP-Myanmar will present the survey findings in a series on perceptions of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) project from six Myanmar policy communities. This week's installment, Part 1, analyzes three perceptions. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations Part 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9w0NbOVEcw) - ISP-Myanmar presents the survey findings in a series on perceptions of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) project from six Myanmar policy communities. This week presents the second installment, Part 2. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations Part 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWO5Qy0fl4o) - ISP-Myanmar presents the survey findings in a series on perceptions of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) project from six Myanmar policy communities. - [The Old Ta’ang (Palaung) “Territorial Dream”](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-39/) - The map presents the territories controlled or active by the Palaung State Liberation Organization/Palaung State Liberation Army (PSLO/PSLA) from 1963 to 1991, alongside the territories demanded by the ceasefire PSLO during the 1993-94 National Convention. - [Territories Under PSLF/TNLA Control](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-40/) - The map outlines the territories dominated or controlled by the Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF/TNLA), both before and after the Operation 1027, as well as territories under the control of the Northern Alliance forces and the Shan State Progress Party (SSPP/SSA). - [Scam Syndicates in Myanmar and Their Labor Entry Routes](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-41/) - They enter Myanmar directly or via transit points in Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, or the UAE. Along the China-Myanmar border, there are at least 35 Kyar Phyant businesses operating in seven towns: Muse, Lashio, Laukkai, Pangsang, Mong Pauk, Mongla, and Keng Tung. - [Border Control and Cross-Border Trade Situation Update After Myawaddy Emergency](https://ispmyanmar.com/mp-42/) - The State Administration Council (SAC) relinquished control of the Myawaddy town in Karen State on April 11, 2024, and forgo the control of approximately 60 percent of Myanmar’s cross-border trade. - [Lifting ASEAN's efforts with Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/lifting-aseans-efforts-with-myanmar/) - About three years ago, ASEAN leaders gathered in Jakarta for an emergency summit on Myanmar at which the Five-Point Consensus (5PC) -- entailing the cessation of violence in the country, constructive dialogue among parties to the conflict, the appointment of a special Myanmar envoy and the provision of humanitarian assistance - was agreed upon with the State Administration Council's (SAC) senior general Min Aung Hlaing. - [ASEAN needs a longer-term approach to the Myanmar crisis](https://ispmyanmar.com/asean-needs-a-longer-term-approach-to-the-myanmar-crisis/) - About three years ago, ASEAN leaders gathered in Jakarta for an emergency summit on Myanmar at which the Five-Point Consensus (5PC) -- entailing the cessation of violence in the country, constructive dialogue among parties to the conflict, the appointment of a special Myanmar envoy and the provision of humanitarian assistance - was agreed upon with the State Administration Council's (SAC) senior general Min Aung Hlaing. - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino–Myanmar Relations - A Survey (2023)](https://ispmyanmar.com/sb-01/) - The objective is to gather specific insights from key individuals within Myanmar’s policy communities to identify similarities and differences in their perceptions of the key factors influencing Sino–Myanmar relations. - [2023 Milestones](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-30/) - In the transition to the new year of 2024, ISP-Myanmar will present this Insight Email as a ‘year-end special report’ rather than its regular format. We will briefly look back at what happened in Myanmar in the domains of (1) politics, (2) the economy, (3) China–Myanmar relations, (4) the socio-economic situation, and (5) the climate crisis. - [Operation 1027 and Its Consequences](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-27/) - Recent news has been dominated by the Three Brotherhood Alliance’s (3BHA) ‘Operation 1027’ fighting in northern Shan State. ISP-Myanmar plans to make a series of three OnPoint reports on the topic. This week we discuss the contextual background of the 'Operation 1027' and its ‘signaling effects’. - [Record-breaking Decline in Matriculation Examinee](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQmXyO1hyac) - More than three years after the coup, matriculation examinee rates have been plummeting. This week’s ISP Clip No. (97) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Post-Coup Arson: 86,000 Homes and Buildings Destroyed](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uo3FoqqIvcE) - Within over two and a half years since the coup, over 86,000 houses and buildings have been torched and destroyed in more than 110 townships across Myanmar. This week’s ISP Clip No. (72) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Central Shift of Naypyitaw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8di0njjdrZE) - After two and a half years since the coup, notable changes have emerged at the core of the State Administration Council's (SAC) authoritarian center. This week’s ISP Clip No. (72) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Aung San Suu Kyi, the Dragon's Lady](https://ispmyanmar.com/aung-san-suu-kyi-the-dragons-lady/) - YANGON, Myanmar — When in November Sai Win Myat Oo, a candidate from the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy, ran for a seat in the Parliament of Shan State, in southern Myanmar, he was confident in his chances of being re-elected. The people of his constituency had consistently voted for the local Shan party in - [Norwegian Minister Indulges in the Myth of a Democratizing Middle Class](https://ispmyanmar.com/norwegian-minister-indulges-in-the-myth-of-a-democratizing-middle-class/) - The relationship between Burma and Norway has transformed in recent years; one of the most devout supporters of Burma’s democratic opposition movement has warmed considerably to the quasi-civilian government that assumed power in 2011, largely made up of members of a former military regime. The friendship has proven to be mutually beneficial, as Norway has - [Obama to Relax U.S. Sanctions Against Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/obama-to-relax-u-s-sanctions-against-myanmar/) - WASHINGTON — Obama administration officials on Tuesday said they would lift a broad array of sanctions on Myanmar, removing restrictions on state-owned banks and businesses as they seek to reward a historic move toward democracy in a country dominated for decades by brutal military rule. The moves, to take effect on Wednesday, will allow American - [Aung San Suu Kyi Asks U.S. Not to Refer to ‘Rohingya’](https://ispmyanmar.com/aung-san-suu-kyi-asks-u-s-not-to-refer-to-rohingya/) - BANGKOK — Myanmar recognizes 135 ethnic groups within its borders. But the people who constitute No. 136? They are the people-who-must-not-be-named. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of Myanmar’s first democratically elected government since 1962, embraced that view last week when she advised the United States ambassador against using the term “Rohingya” to describe - [Myanmar kids prep for homecoming in Thailand's ‘Little Burma’](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-kids-prep-for-homecoming-in-thailands-little-burma/) - In a Thai port dubbed 'Little Burma' the children of Myanmar migrant workers peer at white boards carrying the distinctive looping characters of their parents' language. Enrolment at the school, the first in the fishing hub of Samut Sakhon to offer a Myanmar curriculum including reading and writing, is surging as migrants wearied by the - [Anti-Muslim Buddhist monk in Myanmar: Trump 'similar to me'](https://ispmyanmar.com/anti-muslim-buddhist-monk-in-myanmar-trump-similar-to-me/) - MANDALAY, Myanmar (AP) -- Shunned by Myanmar's new government and its Buddhist hierarchy, a nationalist monk blamed for whipping up at times bloody anti-Muslim fervor said he feels vindicated by U.S. voters who elected Donald Trump to be president. Ashin Wirathu, a high-profile leader of the Myanmar Buddhist organization known as Ma Ba Tha, drew - [Is The Lady listening? Aung San Suu Kyi accused of ignoring Myanmar's Muslims](https://ispmyanmar.com/is-the-lady-listening-aung-san-suu-kyi-accused-of-ignoring-myanmars-muslims/) - (CNN)Women wail in the background as the camera pans across the scene. "Oh brothers, look at this, look," the narrator says, as he films the remnants of a burned house, bodies clearly visible sticking out of the mud and ash. The disturbing video is one of a handful that have emerged from northern Rakhine State, - [Analysis: Dealing With Defamation](https://ispmyanmar.com/analysis-dealing-with-defamation/) - RANGOON — After being detained, Eleven Media Group executives Than Htut Aung and Wai Phyo asked the government to abolish Article 66(d) of the Telecommunications Law under which they have been charged by the Rangoon divisional government. The two men made the statement to an applauding crowd at a police station in Tamwe Township on - [NLD government to face tougher challenges in 2018](https://ispmyanmar.com/nld-government-to-face-tougher-challenges-in-2018/) - This article, written by Ei Ei Toe Lwin, appears in print on the Myanmar Times in January 4, 2018. Among the many countries struggling for democracy, some succeed, some fail, while others slide back after a few measures of success. Myanmar is one of these countries, which recently gained democracy through peaceful reforms and elections - [The Making of Political Repression Backfires](https://ispmyanmar.com/when-political-repression-backfires/) - Scholars and researchers alike have long puzzled over whether brutal repression undermines mass uprisings or emboldens even more courage and determination of the popular movements, thereby undercutting the regime's legitimacy and precipitating the governmental overthrow. Conventional wisdom suggests that brutal repression weakens mass movements. - [Explanatory Variables for United Nations’ Intervention in Humanitarian Crises](https://ispmyanmar.com/explanatory-variables-for-united-nations-intervention-in-humanitarian-crises/) - It is important to study this research work as it provides a deeper understanding of the differences in the varying UN responses to the humanitarian crises. UN is an intergovernmental organization comprised of virtually all the countries over the world and its five powerful member countries are the permanent members of the UNSC, the major decision-making body of the - [The Misconception of the “Pubic /private Dichotomy”: Women’s Roles in Politics and Protest Movements](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-misconception-of-the-pubic-private-dichotomy-womens-roles-in-politics-and-protest-movements-what-matters-no-4/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the Facebook page of ISP-Myanmar on March 8, 2021.) Since the coup d’état by the Myanmar military on February 1, 2021, there have been mass protests against injustice across the country. Women protesters of various ages and different social strata have played a leading role in the protest movement with adolescent women playing an active part - [Myanmar women and anti-military dictatorship mass movements](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-women-and-anti-military-dictatorship-mass-movements-what-matters-no-5/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on March 8, 2021.) In honor of International Women’s Day, which falls on March 8, the Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar (ISP) conducted a survey using randomized participant selection methods. According to the respondents, women’s participation in the protest movement that emerged after the coup on February 1, 2021 is robust. Their participation could lead to attitudinal and behavioral - [Switching Sides: Changes in Superpower Support for Authoritarian Clients](https://ispmyanmar.com/switching-sides-changes-in-superpower-support-for-authoritarian-clients-what-matters-no-8/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the Facebook page of ISP-Myanmar on March 18, 2021.) Authoritarian regimes often seek powerful foreign allies as patrons. Patrons usually provide diplomatic protection, economic aid, and weapons to client autocratic regimes. In return, authoritarian clients typically offer natural resources concessions, economic monopolies, and permission to implement large-scale projects - [The Determinants of a Social Movement’s Success and Failure](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-determinants-of-a-social-movements-success-and-failure/) - What Matters No. 9 (This article is a translation of the Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on March 17, 2021.) ∎ Key findings in brief In considering the success and failure of a social movement, several scholars suggest not to view it as a binary concept involving a decisive victory or a complete failure. William Gamson (1990), a social scientist focusing on mass media and social movements, argues that the success or failure of a social movement can be categorized along two dimensions: acceptance and new - [Weakening the political strength of dictatorship is key for nonviolent mass movement](https://ispmyanmar.com/weakening-the-political-strength-of-dictatorship-is-key-for-nonviolent-mass-movement/) - What matters No. 11 (This article is a translation of the Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on March 24, 2021.) ∎ Key findings in brief There have been questions of what kind of capacity and tools are indispensable for the people to topple dictatorships in a non-violent way. Gene Sharp, a political scientist, encourages people to take a political approach, rather than a violent one. He suggests that when a dictator overthrows a democratically elected government, it lacks the right to rule the country. A successful coup - [The Political Culture of Perceiving Power as Privilege](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-political-culture-of-perceiving-power-as-privilege-what-matters-no-19/) - (This article is a translation of the Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on April 12, 2021.) Download as PDF Since Myanmar's military seized power in February, the photos and videos of its crackdown on protestors include images of dead children, protestors shot in the head, and violent abductions by state security forces. The atrocities committed - [Humanitarian Issues: Two Approaches](https://ispmyanmar.com/humanitarian-issues-two-approaches/) - What Matters No. 32 (This article is a translation of the original Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on June 17, 2021.) Since the military coup d’état, armed clashes between the military council and ethnic minority armed groups have intensified in Myanmar. In some areas, fighting between the People’s Defense Forces - [A Roadmap for the ASEAN Special Envoy’s Journey](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-roadmap-for-the-asean-special-envoys-journey/) - (This article is an abridged translation of the original Burmese language version that Institute for Strategy and Policy -Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on August 30, 2021.) Summary The upcoming visit by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Special Envoy is a key political event for both the State Administration Council (SAC) and the National - [Misfortune for Kokang’s Bai Family](https://ispmyanmar.com/ex-09/) - As the Three Brotherhood Alliance’s (3BHA) ‘Operation 1027’ gains momentum, China has begun to intervene. China has facilitated dialogue between the conflict parties by hosting two meetings in Kunming between the 3BHA and the State Administration Council (SAC), however no satisfactory resolutions have yet been reached. - [ISP-Myanmar denounces the court’s unjust two year sentence against its staff member, Aung Myo Htet](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-myanmar-denounces-the-courts-unjust-two-year-sentence-against-its-staff-member-aung-myo-htet/) - The Institute for Strategy and Policy (ISP) – Myanmar has learned that Aung Myo Htet, a member of the ISP-Myanmar staff, was sentenced by a court to two years in prison on November 30, 2021, for violating Section 505A of the Penal Code. ISP-Myanmar strongly condemns this decision by the court. - [Two Years After the Coup: Entrenching the Quagmire](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-12/) - Myanmar’s ruling junta, the State Administration Council (SAC), marked the second anniversary of its military coup on February 1 by submitting a six-month extension of its rule to the National Security and Defense Council (NDSC) for approval. The SAC used the pretext of an “atypical situation” in the country to argue that it had not yet been able to accomplish its objectives. The junta has reshuffled several of its ranks-and-files, and declared martial law in 37 townships - [Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD): The Politics of Integrity and Commitment](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-13/) - The Central Executive Committee meeting of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD), held on March 16 and 17, 2023, made a momentous decision that it will not re-register as a political party under the new Political Party Registration law of 2023. Explaining its decision, the SNLD cites that the junta authorities have yet to announce a date for the General Election, and that the party finds substantial security challenges to travel to consult with party members (mainly in Kayah and Kachin States). - [Cyclone Mocha and Return of El Niño: A Crisis of Climate-Conflict-Humanitarian Triple Nexus in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-15/) - Cyclone Mocha, one of the strongest storms ever to hit the Bay of Bengal, made landfall near Sittwe on May 14, 2023. It wreaked havoc on nearly 5.4 million people living in Rakhine State and surrounding areas in its path, causing widespread destruction across Sittwe and creating a potential humanitarian crisis for a highly vulnerable population of as many as 3.2 million people, according to a statement from the UNOCHA. - [The Reappearance of Aung San Suu Kyi: Her Role and New Play of Political Narrative](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-16/) - Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Don Pramudwinai, recently disclosed that he met with Myanmar’s former leader Aung San Suu Kyi in detention in Naypyitaw on July 9, 2023. The meeting came just two days before the ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting in Jakarta and was the first allowed in the two years following the military coup in February 2021. - [Mon Groups Fear Surge of Burman Migrants](https://ispmyanmar.com/mon-groups-fear-surge-of-burman-migrants/) - RANGOON — Last week, more than 10 Mon civil society organizations (CSO) demanded that the Mon State Chief Minister review the government’s plan to issue household registration cards to internal migrant workers who have moved from Upper Burma to work on rubber plantations and salt farms in Mon State. Naing Htun Myint, chairman of the - [State Department names Burma one of world’s worst countries for human trafficking](https://ispmyanmar.com/state-department-names-burma-one-of-worlds-worst-countries-for-human-trafficking/) - The State Department has named Burma as one of the world’s worst human trafficking offenders, and it removed Thailand from the list, citing progress in cracking down on forced labor in the seafood industry. The annual Trafficking in Persons Report released Thursday is watched closely by the countries clustered at the bottom. It is viewed - [Interview with Min Zin: Democratic Voice of Burma](https://ispmyanmar.com/interview-with-min-zin-democratic-voice-of-burma/) - [Dalai Lama to Suu Kyi: ease tensions in Arakan](https://ispmyanmar.com/dalai-lama-to-suu-kyi-ease-tensions-in-arakan/) - Burmese leader Aung San Suu Kyi has a moral responsibility to try to ease tensions between majority Buddhists and minority Rohingya Muslims, her fellow Nobel laureate, the Dalai Lama, said on Monday. The Tibetan spiritual leader said he had stressed the issue in meetings with Suu Kyi, who came to power in April in the - [Myanmar military's white paper highlights growing openness](https://ispmyanmar.com/maung-aung-myoe-myanmar-militarys-white-paper-highlights-growing-openness/) - The low-profile publication by Myanmar's armed forces of a defense white Paper in February marked the first time that the Tatmadaw, as the military is known, released this type of strategy document to outsiders. The paper, which outlines the military's broad plans for the coming years, is markedly more comprehensive than the last defense policy - [Burma Votes for Change: The New Configuration of Power](https://ispmyanmar.com/burma-votes-for-change-the-new-configuration-of-power/) - The Burmese military’s decision to abide by the outcome of the November 2015 general elections, which saw a landslide by the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, shows that the country’s emerging institutions—the constitution, parliament, and the party and election systems that were activated only during the political opening in - [Myanmar court convicts man over penis tattoo poem](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-court-convicts-man-over-penis-tattoo-poem/) - Maung Saung Kha is one of the first political activists sentenced since Aung San Suu Kyi took power in April. A court in Myanmar has sentenced a young poet to six months in jail for defaming former president Thein Sein, making him one of the first political activists sentenced since Nobel peace prize laureate Aung - [U.S. to downgrade Myanmar in annual human trafficking report](https://ispmyanmar.com/u-s-to-downgrade-myanmar-in-annual-human-trafficking-report/) - The United States has decided to place Myanmar on its global list of worst offenders in human trafficking, officials said, a move aimed at prodding the country’s new democratically elected government and its still-powerful military to do more to curb the use of child soldiers and forced labor. The reprimand of Myanmar comes despite U.S. - [Education still elusive for many Myanmar children in Thailand](https://ispmyanmar.com/education-still-elusive-for-many-myanmar-children-in-thailand/) - For the millions of Myanmar migrant workers living in Thailand, one of the many struggles is trying to figure out how to get their kids an education. Education centres, which, unlike Thai schools, are free to attend for Myanmar students, did not receive support from the Myanmar government last academic year and they are still - [Myanmar in perfect storm of ‘conflict-climate nexus’](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-in-perfect-storm-of-conflict-climate-nexus/) - The ongoing effects of climate change may lead to more severe conflicts around the world, with Myanmar especially vulnerable, according to a recent United Nations report. Myanmar has been identified as one of 20 countries in a “conflict-climate nexus”, the threatening combination of severe environmental vulnerability along with pre-existing social fragility and weak institutions. The - [The nationwide ceasefire from a gender equality and women’s rights perspective](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-nationwide-ceasefire-from-a-gender-equality-and-womens-rights-perspective/) - What do gender equality advocates in Myanmar want from a nationwide ceasefire and does the existing nationwide ceasefire agreement deliver this? A new publication by UN Women, “The Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in Myanmar: A Gender Equality and Women’s Rights Analysis”, explores this. Drawing on the perspectives of women in conflict-affected areas, the publication highlights the - [Aung Thu Nyein](https://ispmyanmar.com/aung-thu-nyein/) - Aung Thu Nyein Aung Thu Nyein is the Director of Communications at ISP Myanmar. He is a former student activist ... - [Who does Civil Society Represent and Why Should We Care?](https://ispmyanmar.com/who-does-civil-society-represent-and-why-should-we-care/) - [Yaw Min Gyi's Za Yat Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyi-za-yat-talk-show/) - A talk show “Myanmar 2050” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotal Hotel, Yangon on July 8. The talk show can be watched below. Yaw Min Gyi's Za Yat Talk Show - - [Myanmar Quarterly Symposium](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-quarterly-symposium/) - A federal Democratic Union: Vision and Negotiated Possibilities The talk show can be watched below. Myanmar Quarterly Symposium - Part I Myanmar Quarterly Symposium - Part II - [Myanmar 2050 talk show by ISP-Myanmar (5)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-2050-talk-show-by-isp-myanmar-5/) -  - [Myanmar 2050 talk show by ISP-Myanmar (4)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-2050-talk-show-by-isp-myanmar-4/) - [Myanmar 2050 talk show by ISP-Myanmar (3)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-2050-talk-show-by-isp-myanmar-3/) - [Myanmar 2050 talk show by ISP-Myanmar (2)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-2050-talk-show-by-isp-myanmar-2/) - [Myanmar 2050 talk show by ISP-Myanmar (1)](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-2050-talk-show-by-isp-myanmar-1/) - [Sleep-walker or Strategic Entrepreneur : Leadership in Times of Crisis ( 3 )](https://ispmyanmar.com/sleep-walker-or-strategic-entrepreneur-leadership-in-times-of-crisis-3/) - [Sleep-walker or Strategic Entrepreneur : Leadership in Times of Crisis ( 2 )](https://ispmyanmar.com/sleep-walker-or-strategic-entrepreneur-leadership-in-times-of-crisis-2/) - [Sleep-walker or Strategic Entrepreneur : Leadership in Times of Crisis ( 1 )](https://ispmyanmar.com/sleep-walker-or-strategic-entrepreneur-leadership-in-times-of-crisis-1/) - [Yaw Min Gyi's Za Yat 3rd Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-3rd-talk-show/) - A talk show “Poverty in Society” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotal Hotel, Yangon on September 16. The talk show can be watched below. Yaw Min Gyi's Za Yat 3rd Talk Show - - [Yaw Min Gyi’s Za Yat 2nd Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-2nd-talk-show/) - A talk show “Sleep-walker or Strategic Entrepreneur : Leadership in Times of Crisis ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotal Hotel, Yangon on August 18. The talk show can be watched - [Yaw Min Gyi’s Za Yat 4th Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-4th-talk-show/) - A talk show “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): How can Myanmar maximize its national interests?” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Hilton Hotel, Mandalay on November 18. The talk show can be - [Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): How can Myanmar maximize its national interests? ( 2 )](https://ispmyanmar.com/belt-and-road-initiative-bri-how-can-myanmar-maximize-its-national-interests-2/) - [Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): How can Myanmar maximize its national interests? ( 1 )](https://ispmyanmar.com/belt-and-road-initiative-bri-how-can-myanmar-maximize-its-national-interests-1/) - [Myanmar Model of Democratic Transition](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-model-of-democratic-transition/) - Myanmar Model of Democratic Transition (Myanmar Quarterly Symposium) The talk show can be watched below. Myanmar Quarterly Symposium - Part I Myanmar Quarterly Symposium - Part II Myanmar Quarterly Symposium - Part III Myanmar Quarterly Symposium - Part III - [Yaw Min Gyi’s Za Yat 5th Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-5th-talk-show/) - A talk show “Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Myanmar” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on January 20. The talk show can be watched below. Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Myanmar - [Yaw Min Gyi’s Za Yat 6th Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-6th-talk-show/) - A talk show “Constitutional Departure: Perspectives From The Society” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on 2019 March 24. The talk show can be watched below. Constitutional Departure: Perspectives - [Yaw Min Gyi’s Za Yat 7th Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-7th-talk-show/) - A talk show “ Climate Action: More Urgent than Ever ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on 2019 June 22. The talk show can be watched below. Climate - [ADVANCING SOCIAL JUSTICE IN MYANMAR: Seeking Its Philosophical Roots and Policy Options for a Divided Society](https://ispmyanmar.com/advancing-social-justice-in-myanmar-seeking-its-philosophical-roots-and-policy-options-for-a-divided-society/) - ADVANCING SOCIAL JUSTICE IN MYANMAR:Seeking Its Philosophical Roots and Policy Options for a Divided Society (Myanmar Quarterly Symposium) The talk show can be watched below. ကြဲျပားမႈမ်ားေသာ ျမန္မာ့လူ ့အဖြဲ ့အစည္းအတြက္ လူမႈတရားမွ်တမႈ ဒႆနအေျဖႏွင့္ မူဝါဒအေျဖကို ရွာေဖြျခင္း အပိုင္း(၁) ကြဲျပားမႈမ်ားေသာ ျမန္မာ့လူ ့အဖြဲ ့အစည္းအတြက္ လူမႈတရားမွ်တမႈ ဒႆနအေျဖႏွင့္ မူဝါဒအေျဖကို ရွာေဖြျခင္း အပိုင္း(၂) ကြဲျပားမႈမ်ားေသာ ျမန္မာ့လူ ့အဖြဲ ့အစည္းအတြက္ လူမႈတရားမွ်တမႈ ဒႆနအေျဖႏွင့္ မူဝါဒအေျဖကို ရွာေဖြျခင္း အပိုင္း(၃) ကြဲျပားမႈမ်ားေသာ ျမန္မာ့လူ ့အဖြဲ - [Yaw Min Gyi’s Za Yat 8th Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-8th-talk-show/) - A talk show “ Lessons from Yaw Min Gyi's Zayat: Is Myanmar Prepared to Meet Future Challenges? ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on 2019 October 19. The - [Yaw Min Gyi’s Za Yat Season 2 Episode 1 Talk Show](https://ispmyanmar.com/yaw-min-gyis-za-yat-season-2-episode-1-talk-show/) - A talk show “ Going Local ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Rosewood Hotel, Yangon on 2020 March 1. The talk show can be watched below. Going Local (Part 1) Going - [Myanmar Still Loves Aung San Suu Kyi, but Not Why You Think](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-still-loves-aung-san-suu-kyi-but-not-why-you-think/) - YANGON, Myanmar — The National League for Democracy, the incumbent party led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, secured another landslide victory in the general elections of Nov. 8. - [Is Democracy in Myanmar Dead?](https://ispmyanmar.com/is-democracy-in-myanmar-dead/) - YANGON, Myanmar — Since the military seized power on Feb. 1, I have felt overwhelmed watching both the empowerment of a new generation of young protesters and a continuing failure of political leadership. I am torn between nostalgia and the urgent need for a concrete strategy. - [The Real Kingmakers of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-real-kingmakers-of-myanmar/) - For its part, the anti-coup movement — largely a combination of N.L.D. supporters, Generation Z protesters and civil servants — has been shifting tactics away from predominantly peaceful demonstrations to more violent kinds of resistance. All around Myanmar a form of urban warfare has broken out in recent weeks — in or near the country’s largest city, Yangon; to the west in Chin State; to the east in Kayah and Shan States; in the central region of Sagaing. - [The New Battlefront in Myanmar’s Economy: Fake News](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-new-battlefront-in-myanmars-economy-fake-news/) - (This commentary was originally published on Fulcrum by the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute on October 7, 2021.) The scarcity of information has raised the cost of economic decisions for the people of Myanmar. Now, a flood of fake news has added to their litany of problems. Months after the historic coup in February, ordinary - [Myanmar crisis calls for international diplomatic reset](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-crisis-calls-for-international-diplomatic-reset/) - New U.N. special envoy may deal with military regime more effectively than ASEAN With the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, modest expectations are the norm. Taking two steps forward and one back is seen as a victory for the "ASEAN way," which is based on the principles of noninterference and consensus-building among the 10 member - [Human Suffering in Myanmar: The Need for International Attention](https://ispmyanmar.com/human-suffering-in-myanmar-the-need-for-international-attention-2/) - (This commentary appears as part of a research collaboration between the Institute for Strategy and Policy- Myanmar and ISEAS’s Myanmar Studies Programme. It was originally published on Fulcrum by the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute on December 22, 2021.) Last week, the Myanmar military attacked Lay Kay Kaw village in Kayin state with heavy use - [Trade with China continued to fall](https://ispmyanmar.com/trade-with-china-continued-to-fall/) - After the coup in February, both total foreign trade and trade with China declined by half. In particular, China-Myanmar trade decreased significantly in April and May and continued to drop in June. These figures are based on the data published by the State Administration Council’s Ministry of Commerce up to June 2021. - [Foreign Investment in Myanmar Fell by over US$1 billion](https://ispmyanmar.com/foreign-investment-in-myanmar-fell-by-over-us1-billion/) - Foreign investment in Myanmar declined by US$ 1.2 billion when comparing the FY 2020-21 to FY2019-20 for the months of October to July. This figure is based on the data published by the State Administration Council’s Ministry of Commerce up to July 2021. Just after the coup in February and March, Myanmar received no foreign investment. However, in May - [Chinese Investment in Myanmar reached its lowest over the past Five Years](https://ispmyanmar.com/chinese-investment-in-myanmar-reached-its-lowest-over-the-past-five-years/) - Despite the incoming Chinese investment after the coup, the value of Chinese investment reached the lowest point in five years. The number of Chinese investments also declined; ten investments entered Myanmar in four months before the coup, however, Myanmar received only three investments from February to July in 2021. - [Total Foreign Trade Value Fell by Over US$ 5 Billion](https://ispmyanmar.com/trade-value-fell-by-over-us-5-billion/) - Since the military coup, Myanmar's total foreign trade declined by over US$ 5 billion when comparing the data of October to June for both FY 2020-21 to FY2019-20. This data is based on statistics published by the State Administration Council's Ministry of Commerce. - [Trade with China fell by 13 times](https://ispmyanmar.com/trade-with-china-fell-by-13-times/) - Based on the data published by the SAC’s Ministry of Commerce, China-Myanmar trade in July 2021 fell by 13 times compared to January 2021. China remains the biggest trading partner for Myanmar and trade with China is over one third of Myanmar’s total foreign trade. - [Over 20 foreign businesses leaving Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-20-foreign-businesses-leaving-myanmar/) - Since the coup, over 20 foreign businesses either suspended their operations in Myanmar or pulled out their investments from Myanmar. There are eight businesses suspended and planned to leave Myanmar, three closed down their operations, five suspended their operations and two companies sold their businesses. While many businesses are leaving Myanmar, new company registration also - [Import value declined by over US$ 4 billion](https://ispmyanmar.com/import-value-declined-by-over-us-4-billion/) - Since the coup, both import and export value dropped to the lowest points in July 2021. Compared to FY 2019-20 (Oct 2019 to July 2020), FY 2020-21 (Oct 2020 to July 2021) saw a decline of US$ 4 billion in import value, while export value decreased by over US$ 2.7 billion. - [11 out of 14 Border Trade Gates Experienced a Decline in Trading](https://ispmyanmar.com/11-out-of-14-border-trade-gates-experienced-a-decline-in-trading/) - A comparison of trade data between six months before and after the military coup revealed that 11 out of 14 border trade gates experienced a decline in trading value. - [အရပ်သားသေဆုံးမှု ၅,၆၀၀ ကျော်ထက်မနည်းရှိလာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/အရပ်သားသေဆုံးမှု-၅၆၀၀-က/) - ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် အာဏာသိမ်းပြီး တနှစ်ကျော်ကာလအတွင်း အာဏာသိမ်းမှုနောက်ဆက်တွဲ အရပ်သားသေဆုံးမှု ၅,၆၀၀ ကျော်ထက်မနည်းရှိလာပါပြီ။ ISP-Myanmar ရဲ့ ဒီတပတ် မြင်ကွင်းကျယ်မှတ်စု အမှတ်-၁ မှာ ဒီအကြောင်းချင်းရာကို အချက်အလက် အခြေပြု ပိုင်းခြားဖော်ပြထားပါတယ်။ - [Over 8,000 Clashes Broke Out Since the Coup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG18cF9kPmk#new_tab) - [The Bricks Have Fallen.....](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_j6-TwiWsbE#new_tab) - ISP-Myanmar presents seven setbacks since the military coup and rays of hope for the society in three clips titled "The Bricks Have Fallen". The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on Myanmar’s issues in the areas: Conflict, Peace and Security, China Studies, and Political Economy. These clips are also - [The Bricks Have Fallen.....](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTCIJW7ja_k#new_tab) - ISP-Myanmar presents seven setbacks since the military coup and rays of hope for the society in three clips titled "The Bricks Have Fallen". The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on Myanmar’s issues in the areas: Confl - [The Bricks Have Fallen.....](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-bricks-have-fallen-4/) - ISP-Myanmar presents "The Bricks Have Fallen: Seven Setbacks Since the Military Coup, and Rays of Hope for the Society" in three clips. The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on Myanmar’s issues in the areas: Conflict, Peace and Security, China Studies, and Political Economy. These clips are also broadcast - [Over 330 Clashes Broke Out Nationwide Within Two Months](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BzJRlV1Ipw#new_tab) - From November 2022 to January 20, 2023, over 330 clashes broke out nationwide. This week’s ISP Clip No. (38) presents a fact-based analysis of armed clashes and conflicts across the country in the post-coup two-year period. The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on Myanmar’s issues in the areas: - [Nearly 20,000 Houses and Buildings Torched Within Two and A Half Months](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwJ5IzVm3pM#new_tab) - Nearly 20,000 houses and buildings have been torched and destroyed from November 2021 to 15 January 2022. This week’s ISP Clip No. (37) presents a fact-based analysis of acts of arson amidst armed conflicts in the post-coup two-year period. The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on Myanmar’s issues in - [Three New China-Myanmar Cross-Border Trade Routes](https://ispmyanmar.com/three-new-china-myanmar-cross-border-trade-routes-2/) - Since the coup in February 2021, three new rail-road-sea cross-border trade routes connecting China and Myanmar have emerged. This week’s ISP Clip No. (36) presents a fact-based analysis of this. The Institute of Strategy and Policy - Myanmar (ISP-Myanmar) is presenting weekly clips on Myanmar’s issues in the areas: Conflict, Peace and Security, China Studies, - [USD 11 Billion Trade Value Gap](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ompfZIjR78#new_tab) - When comparing official announcements of the two-way trade figures of Myanmar and China, there is a gap of almost USD 11 billion. This applies to data in the eight months of the 2022-2023 fiscal year from April to November. - [Slight Increase in Trade in Three of Five Border Gates](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhKbLxKIj2E#new_tab) - From April to May 2022, three of five Myanmar-China border gates saw a slight increase in trade. This week’s ISP Clip No. (44) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Myanmar’s Military Budget Set to Swell](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8umvDbclko) - In the post-coup period, Myanmar’s military budget has increased nearly three-fold. This week’s ISP Clip No. (52) presents a fact-based analysis of the SAC’s spendings in the post-coup period. - [Civilian Deaths Reach Record High in Early 2023](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpKSVKGPsNo) - In the first five months of 2023, the number of civilian deaths reached a record high, with at least 748 individuals losing their lives in clashes. This week’s ISP Clip No. (58) presents a fact-based analysis of civilian deaths in post-coup conflicts. - [Sagaing Forum and Three Visions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73rX2-leyPI) - The first ‘Sagaing Forum’, an event orchestrated by 30 armed groups from Sagaing Region, was held on May 30-31, 2023. This week’s ISP Clip No. (57) presents a fact-based analysis of this forum and conflict situation in Sagaing Region, Myanmar. - [Energy Sector: Key in Foreign Investment](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RoszWCA3ls) - Within over two years since the coup, the energy sector has attracted the largest amount of foreign investment in Myanmar. This week’s ISP Clip No. (56) presents a fact-based analysis of issues related to foreign investments in Myanmar. - [လေးလအတွင်း ရေနံနှင့် သဘာ၀ဓာတ်ငွေ့ ကဏ္ဍအပါအဝင် ကဏ္ဍ ခုနစ်ခု၌ ရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံမှု မဝင်ခဲ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/လေးလအတွင်း-ရေနံနှင့်-သဘာ/) - ၂၀၂၂ ခုနှစ် ဇန်နဝါရီကနေ ဧပြီအထိ ပထမ လေးလပတ်အတွင်း ရေနံနှင့် သဘာ၀ ဓာတ်ငွေ့ ကဏ္ဍအပါအဝင် ကဏ္ဍ ခုနစ်ခုမှာ နိုင်ငံခြားရင်းနှီး မြှုပ်နှံမှု မဝင်ခဲ့ပါဘူး။ ISP-Myanmar ရဲ့ ဒီတပတ် မြင်ကွင်းကျယ် မှတ်စု အမှတ်-၂ မှာ နိုင်ငံခြား ရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံမှုနဲ့ ပတ်သက်တဲ့ အချက်အလက်တွေကို အခြေပြု ဆန်းစစ် ဖော်ပြထားပါတယ်။ - [China’s Attempt to Revitalize Strategic Economic Plans in Myanmar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4iUKaU3fEw) - With its policy reset towards Myanmar, China is planning to revitalize its strategic economic plans in Myanmar. This week’s ISP Clip No. (55) presents a fact-based analysis of China’s policy change and its implications. - [Recurring Clashes Between EAO-PDF and SAC Forces](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiGKtakazvg) - At least 9,347 clashes have occurred across Myanmar in the more than two years since the coup, with 1,407 of them happening in just the first four months of 2023. More than half of these 1,407 clashes—about 58 percent— broke out between EAO-PDF and SAC Forces. - [China’s Policy Reset for Myanmar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWMWsnYzsKQ) - China seems to have set its policy towards Myanmar post-coup conflict. This week’s ISP Clip No. (53) presents a fact-based analysis of China’s policy change and its implications. - [Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s Role and New Play of Political Narrative](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNh3RkVX2dI) - Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Don Pramudwinai, recently disclosed that he met with Myanmar’s former leader Aung San Suu Kyi in detention in Naypyitaw on July 9, 2023. Based on ISP On Point No. 16, this week’s ISP Clip No. (62) presents a fact-based analysis of the related implications of this meeting. - [A Fragile Economy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7QsWHer840) - The World Bank’s report argued that economic activity has been slowly increasing in Myanmar, with a three percent GDP growth rate in 2023. The report also suggested that Myanmar’s economy was in ‘a fragile recovery’, with a long way back to return pre-Covid pandemic levels of economic activity. - [Conflict Declined by 50% Near Chinese Projects](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqSZodpox_E) - After one year since the coup, the conflict has declined by 50% near Chinese projects in Myanmar. This week’s ISP Clip No. (60) presents a fact-based analysis of issues related to foreign investments in Myanmar. - [Inexorable Rise of Rare Earths Mining in Kachin State](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hi0PEViRSrs) - Many local communities in Kachin State have opposed the mining developments as those could impact the local environment and locals’ livelihoods. But mining interests have not stopped and are, rather, incessantly advancing. - [Challenges in Post-Mocha Relief Efforts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Scqsj9Wj7Fs) - Cyclone Mocha, one of the strongest storms ever to hit the Bay of Bengal, wreaked havoc on Rakhine State and several towns on May 14, 2023. Two months have passed since the cyclone. But, until very recently, only 20% of the population were receiving relief assistance. - [Over 24,000 Houses and Buildings Torched in Early 2023](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZEi-Y-6c5Q) - Over 24,000 houses and buildings have been torched and destroyed in the first half of 2023. This week’s ISP Clip No. (64) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [China and Myanmar Trade Gap Rises Double](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHfCrcQ5oDA) - Comparing the data published by China and Myanmar, the trade gap has been found to increase by double. This week’s ISP Clip No. (65) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [China’s Efforts in SAC’s Election Plan, Standardization, and Three Global Initiatives](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVDCGJShkQc) - China’s involvement with the SAC’s implementation of the election process has been seen to grow. This week’s ISP Clip No. (66) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Are People Happy Nowadays?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNPrXpm40II) - People of Myanmar are suffering from economic distress and intensified conflict. This week’s ISP Clip No. (67) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [China’s Global Security Initiative (GSI)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8NXKGCEAV0) - People of Myanmar are suffering from economic distress and intensified conflict. This week’s ISP Clip No. (67) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Drowning in the Vicious Cycle of Gambling](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkSvuV6lEQE) - ISP Bi-weekly Insight Email identified one key setback since the military coup, which is the proliferation of illicit gambling dens in Myanmar. This week’s ISP Clip No. (69) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Seeking a sustainable ASEAN engagement with Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/seeking-a-sustainable-asean-engagement-with-myanmar/) - Indonesia’s 2023 ASEAN chairmanship drew to a close with the conclusion of the 43rd ASEAN Summit last week. The year had started with high hopes for a solution to the Myanmar crisis, with Indonesia calling for the “return of democracy” in the military-controlled state that led to the adoption of the Five-Point Consensus (5PC) in 2021. - [Omnipresent: Illicit Drugs Everywhere](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARLtLMYAFf8) - ISP Bi-weekly Insight Email highlighted a growing substance abuse problem in Myanmar with illicit drugs easily accessible in many townships. This week’s ISP Clip No. (70) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [ISP Gabyin Community turned one year!](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-gabyin-community-turned-one-year/) - We are thrilled to share some exciting milestones we achieved last week! Our ISP's social media presence soared to new heights with a whopping 23 million Facebook posts reached and a fantastic 11,000 members joining the Gabyin Community in just one year. - [Sentencing of Former Lieutenant-General Moe Myint Tun](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvG9ASQ1U6Y) - Following his removal from office, a Court Martial charged him and sentenced him to a 20-year term equal to a life sentence. This week’s ISP Clip No. (74) presents a fact-based analysis of this. - [Trust, Coordination and Accountability: strengthening civil society’s pivotal role in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/trust-coordination-and-accountability-strengthening-civil-societys-pivotal-role-in-myanmar/) - News coverage from The Joint Peace Fund Website (08 JUNE 2018) “Who does Civil Society represent and Why Should We care?” This was the question asked earlier this week at a forum in Yangon looking at the role of civil society. In all aspects of Myanmar’s transition towards democracy, including in the peace process, civil - [Arrests of Eleven Media Group members of deep concern: Mizzima](https://ispmyanmar.com/arrests-of-eleven-media-group-members-of-deep-concern-mizzima/) - Mizzima Media Group is deeply concerned about the arrest and charging of Dr Than Htut Aung, CEO of the Eleven Media Group, and Wai Phyo, chief editor of Eleven Media Group, this week under section 66(d) of the Telecommunications Law. The two journalists have been charged under section 66(d) of the 2013 Telecommunications law by - [A panacea for the economy?](https://ispmyanmar.com/a-panacea-for-the-economy/) - There’s been a broadly positive response to the new Myanmar Investment Law, which levels the playing field between domestic and foreign investors and seeks the accelerated development of targeted areas and economic sectors. THE LONG-AWAITED Myanmar Investment Law has received a generally positive response from the business community, which had been more critical of the - [The Importance of Legal Struggles in the Anti-militarism Mass Movements](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-importance-of-legal-struggles-in-the-anti-militarism-mass-movements/) - After the February coup, the newly formed State Administration Council (SAC) amended laws at will, just as the previous regimes, to repress political activism and people’s demands. The SAC’s arbitrary amendments include the suspension of laws protecting civil rights and changing definition of criminal acts and their penalties. The amendments were followed by violent crackdowns on peaceful demonstrations and mass arrests that have continued since the coup until present. The arbitrary arrests were accompanied by numerous violations of human rights and abuses of human dignity by SAC’s security forces. Videos shot by the people clearly document these atorcities. Although the SAC has released some of the detainees, nearly 3,000 people face criminal charges. Many arrests were without adequate reason. At present, the SAC has not disclosed the whereabouts of some remaining detainees. Thus, for those unjustly arrested and those who have become victims of human rights and human dignity violations, legal struggles are critical matters. - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to March 4, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns/) - The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP) has recorded data related to those arrested in connection with the protests that followed the military coup; number and cause of death; how the security personnel have dealt with mass protests; and reports on violations of human rights and dignity. Daily logs are also available on the AAPP website and Facebook pages. Information can also be sent to AAPP for those who are not yet on the list. - [Media Restrictions Don't Always Work Out](https://ispmyanmar.com/media-restrictions-dont-always-work-out-what-matters-no-6/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on March 10, 2021.) Since the February 1st military coup, freedom of expression and the private media in Myanmar have been subjected to the threats of legal repressions unfairly imposed by the military junta. In an effort to legitimize the coup d’état, the Security Administrative Council (SAC) has engaged in several forms of repressions.Since the coup d’état, the - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to March 11, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns-2/) - By looking at the death tolls, the targeted victims who were shot, and the body parts that were shot using lethal forces during the violent crackdowns, it can be assessed whether the security forces were in compliance with the internationally agreed rules and regulations in dealing with protestors. These are important data that can be explored from a human rights approach and a transitional justice perspective. - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to March 18, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns-3/) - By studying the number of casualties and the remaining dead bodies and body parts of the victims because of the violent crackdowns, it can be justified whether the security forces of the coup council abided by the internationally agreed rules, regulations and standards in dealing with the mass protests from the perspectives of human rights and transitional justice. Thus, it does matter to study the data collected and recorded by the AAPP. - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to March 25, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns-what-matters-no-13-from-february-1-to-march-25-2021/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on March 26, 2021.) ◉ What Matters ISP-Myanmar covers a section entitled “What Matters” that could benefit the current anti-coup mass movements through a series of research work. This section aims to introduce issues and data that should be addressed in a short, easy-to-read manner and accessible to everyone based - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to April 1, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns-what-matters-no-14-from-february-1-to-april-1-2021/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on April 2, 2021.) ∎ Key findings in brief Following the February 1, 2021, military coup d’état, mass protests have erupted across Myanmar. Because of the violent crackdowns against the mass protests, and injuries inflicted during the custody in the detention centers, as of April 1, 2021, there have been at least 543 civilian casualties. Moreover, many more were injured, and serious violation of human - [Preventing internet access will not impede the momentum of mass movements](https://ispmyanmar.com/preventing-internet-access-will-not-impede-the-momentum-of-mass-movements-what-matters-no-15/) - (This article is a translation of the Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar placed on its Facebook page on April 5, 2021.) Internet usage in Myanmar has grown exponentially over the past decade, reaching a total of 22 million users in 2020 (Kemp, 2020). The internet has become an important means of communication, in both the business - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to April 7, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns-what-matters-no-16-from-february-1-to-april-7-2021/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on April 9, 2021.) ∎ Key findings in brief Following the February 1, 2021, military coup d’état, mass protests have erupted across Myanmar. Because of the violent crackdowns against the mass protests, and injuries inflicted during the custody in the detention centers, as of April 7, 2021, there have been at least 614 civilian casualties. Moreover, many more were injured, and serious violation of human rights - [Battles, civilian casualties, and internally displaced people (IDPs) in the minority ethnic areas](https://ispmyanmar.com/battles-civilian-casualties-and-internally-displaced-people-idps-in-the-minority-ethnic-areas-what-matters-no-17/) - What Matters No. 17 (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on April 10, 2021.) ∎Key findings in brief Since the military coup d’état on February 1, 2021, there have been various forms of mass protests erupted across the country. Simultaneously, armed conflicts occur continuously between ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and - [Battles, Civilian Deaths, and Internally Displaced People (IDPs) In Minority Ethnic Areas](https://ispmyanmar.com/battles-civilian-deaths-and-internally-displaced-people-idps-in-minority-ethnic-areas/) - Followed by the February 1, 2021, military coup d’état, numerous forms of mass movements calling for justice have raged across the country. At the same time, armed fighting between the ethnic armed resistance groups and troops of the military coup council have continued in the minority ethnic areas where the ethnic armed organizations are based. - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to April 15, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns-what-matters-no-20-from-february-1-to-april-15-2021-2/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on April 16, 2021.) ∎ Key findings in brief Following the February 1, 2021, military coup d’état, mass protests have erupted across Myanmar. Because of the violent crackdowns against the mass protests, and injuries inflicted during the custody in the detention centers, as of April 15, 2021, there have been at least 726 civilian casualties. Moreover, many more were injured, and serious violation of human rights and human - [The Impact of Internet Shutdowns on Myanmar’s Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-impact-of-internet-shutdowns-on-myanmars-economy/) - The longer the duration of the internet shutdowns, the greater the damage to the country’s current economic situation. The shutdowns would essentially fragment the internet and information technology market. The market is only a decade old and built only through overcoming many obstacles, making it an economic frontier for the country. From an economic perspective as well, the internet shutdown policy is the greatest loss for the country’s current weakening economy and long-term development as well as for the general public. - [Victims of violent crackdowns (From February 1 to July 1, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violent-crackdowns-from-february-1-to-july-1-2021/) - Following the February 1, 2021, coup d’état, mass protests erupted across Myanmar. Because of the SAC-led crackdowns on mass protests and injuries inflicted on people held in detention centers, as of July 1, 2021, there have been at least 885 civilian deaths. Moreover, many more people received injuries. the state security forces continued to commit ongoing and widespread violations of human rights and human dignity. As of July 1, the AAPP recorded 817 deaths, but there are likely many more. - [Battles, civilian casualties, refugees and internally displaced persons - IDPs](https://ispmyanmar.com/battles-civilian-casualties-refugees-and-internally-displaced-persons-idps/) - (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on June 24, 2021.) Download as PDF Version After the coup d'état on February 1, 2021, various forms of mass protests calling for justice erupted across Myanmar. The protests are still happening. At the same time, ongoing armed conflicts take place between ethnic armed - [Detention and Imprisonment After the Military Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/detention-and-imprisonment-after-the-military-coup-3/) - After the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021, more than 7,000 people were arrested nationwide as of August 23, 2021. Among these, 5,821 remain in custody. - [Victims of Violence (February to August 25, 2021)](https://ispmyanmar.com/victims-of-violence-february-to-august-25-2021/) - As of August 25, 2021, a total of at least 1,019 civilians have lost their lives as a direct result of violent crackdowns, and injuries inflicted during arrests, by State Administration Council’s (SAC’s) forces. Many more were injured, and SAC’s forces committed serious human rights violations. The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP) collected data on the causes of the deaths of 951 people which were reported by August 25, 2021, with many more cases likely to be added to this list at a later date. - [The 100-year-old Chinese Communist Party and the Unstable Party System of Myanmar Politics](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-100-year-old-chinese-communist-party-and-the-unstable-party-system-of-myanmar-politics/) - (This article is a translation of the Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on July 7, 2021.) Founded in 1921, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) celebrated its centenary in July 2021. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1992, there were speculations that the Chinese Communist Party would soon follow suit, but - [Detention and Imprisonment After the Military Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/detention-and-imprisonment-after-the-military-coup-2/) - After the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021, more than 7,800 people were arrested nationwide as of September 4, 2021. Among these, 6,230 remain in custody. Students and civilians who took part in the mass movement against the State Administration Council (SAC) were the majority of those arrested. Staff who joined the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and supporters of CDM, artists, celebrities, media personnel as well as doctors, nurses, and medical personnel were also detained. As of now, 47 doctors have been detained, and the SAC is also arresting volunteer doctors who have been providing medical care during the latest wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Section 505A of the Penal Code is widely used to bring charges against the detained and those who have warrants issued against them. Compared to the figures detailed in the previous What Matters No. 41 on August 25, 2021, the number of detainees increased by more than 436 people. - [Battles, Civilian Deaths, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)](https://ispmyanmar.com/battles-civilian-deaths-refugees-and-internally-displaced-persons-idps/) - Various forms of mass protest against injustice have occurred across Myanmar since the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021. Protests are still ongoing in a variety of different forms. In addition, armed conflicts are occurring between the Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and State Administration Council (SAC) forces in ethnic regions where those EAOs are based. Simultaneously, fighting between the People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) and SAC forces also erupted in some areas. When the National Unity Government (NUG) declared a state of emergency on September 7, urging the whole country to launch defensive armed resistance, more armed resistance activities emerged and there was an increase in clashes across the country. - [Foreign Trade including Myanmar-China Trade since Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/foreign-trade-including-myanmar-china-trade-since-coup/) - Along with the political turmoil in Myanmar following the coup, massive public campaigns against the military have erupted. The SAC’s response to the political turmoil has resulted in closed businesses, strained banking systems, and a reduced amount of cash in circulation. Economic sanctions imposed by the international community have also severely damaged the credibility and reputation of Myanmar as a trade partner, resulting in a collapse of foreign trade and foreign direct investment on all fronts. Myanmar’s foreign trade value plunged more than half to US$ 1.7 billion for the month of February 2021, immediately following the coup, compared with more than US$ 3.6 billion in January 2021, according to statistics released by the SAC. Total two-way trade value across border posts has significantly declined since the coup. - [Protracted Civil Wars: Three Key Factors](https://ispmyanmar.com/protracted-civil-wars-three-key-factors/) - International researchers generally agree that civil wars and, sectarian conflicts within a country, are less likely to be resolved when compared to wars and conflicts between separate nation states (Mason & Fett, 1996). The root causes of civil wars are also generally different from the reasons two nations might go to war with each other.. Researcher Elshelmani (2015) has identified three key factors that can prolong a civil war—1) limited capacity for compromise between different sides/factions, 2) fragmentation and internal rivalry within one side/faction (e.g. rivalry between hardliners and moderates within each party involved in the conflict), and 3) the presence of interests dependent on the continuation of violence. - [Terrify without Making a Sound, Strike without Being Seen](https://ispmyanmar.com/terrify-without-making-a-sound-strike-without-being-seen/) - Today, 10 December, a nationwide silent strike was launched. Photographic records indicate strong public participation and widespread awareness of the strike. The strike’s slogan is “We are being denied basic Human Rights; Occupy through the Revolution!” - [Detention and Imprisonment After the Military Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/detention-and-imprisonment-after-the-military-coup/) - What Matters No. 60 (This article is a translation of the original Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on November 16, 2021.) After the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021, more than 10,143 people have been arrested nationwide as of November 13. Among these, 7,251 are still in - [China’s Democracy and Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/chinas-democracy-and-myanmar/) - A white paper recently issued by the Chinese government praising its democracy looks to have limited resonance in Myanmar. Beijing’s continued support for Myanmar’s military junta has proved unpopular with supporters of the Spring Revolution. - [The Death Toll](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-death-toll-february-1-to-november-25-2021/) - After the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021, violent crackdowns and injuries inflicted by the State Administration Council (SAC) have resulted in a total civilian death toll of at least 1,293 as of November 25. An independent organization, the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), collected personal data of 1,224 people as of November 25, although there may be many more who are not yet on this list. At the same time, SAC released their version of the death toll. According to their reported data, there were 1,564 deaths from February 1 to November 16, 2021. SAC reported that among them: 406 were accused of being military informants and killed; 253 were members of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) or their family member; 228 deaths were caused by other reasons; 198 were general administration department staff from the township and village levels; 192 deaths were caused by crackdowns during protests; 93 were SAC police; 69 deaths were caused by bombings; 38 were civil servants; and 12 were monks. Please note that this data is from a statement by the SAC but not verified by independent organizations. According to reports by the National Unity Government (NUG), clashes and conflicts between June 1, 2021 and November 6, 2021, resulted in 908 civilian deaths and 2,941 deaths of regime forces. Please note that this data has also not been verified by independent organizations. - [Over 6,000 IDPs Increased Within Two Weeks](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-6000-idps-increased-within-two-weeks/) - Since the military coup on 1 February 2021, public movements against military dictatorship have occurred across Myanmar, and they are still happening now in various forms. At the same time, there are fighting between Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and the SAC forces, as well as among EAOs in ethnic areas where EAOs are based. Moreover, clashes between local defense forces (PDF/ LDF/ CDF/ KNDF, etc.) and the SAC forces have increased in momentum. Together with the increased momentum of clashes and conflicts, the number of internally displaced people (IDPs) has increased, and humanitarian assistance is needed in emergency. - [Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons increase to Nearly 400,000](https://ispmyanmar.com/refugees-and-internally-displaced-persons-increase-to-nearly-400000-what-matters-no-65-from-february-1-december-2-2021/) - (What Matters No. 65 - From February 1 – December 2, 2021) (This article is a translation of the Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on itsFacebook page on December 3, 2021.) Since the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021, various forms of mass protest against injustice have occurred across Myanmar. Protests are - [China and Myanmar: The Decline in Trade Continues](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-and-myanmar-the-decline-in-trade-continues/) - What Matters No. 70 (This article is a translation of the original Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on December 23, 2021.) Trade between China and Myanmar trade has been in decline since the military coup . According to data published by the State Administration Council (SAC), the bilateral trade between - [Foreign Investment decreased by US$1.2 billion](https://ispmyanmar.com/foreign-investment-decreased-by-us1-2-billion/) - What Matters No. 72 (This article is a translation of the original Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on December 27, 2021.) Foreign investment in Myanmar fell by US$1.2 billion from the end of FY 2019-2020 (through August) to FY 2020-2021 (through August). In August 2021, the only foreign investment came - [In Seven Months, Myanmar Only Saw US$33 Million in Foreign Investment from China Enter the Country](https://ispmyanmar.com/in-seven-months-myanmar-only-saw-us33-million-in-foreign-investment-from-china-enter-the-country/) - What Matters No. 73 (This article is a translation of the original Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on December 28, 2021.) Investment from China in Myanmar declined significantly after the military coup by US$33 million – the lowest amount of investment by China since 2015. Compared to the same period - [Foreign companies continued to leave or suspend their operations](https://ispmyanmar.com/businesses-continued-to-leave-or-suspend-their-operations-including-garment-and-clothing-operations-owned-by-foreign-companies/) - What Matters. 74 (This article is a translation of the original Burmese language version that ISP-Myanmar posted on its Facebook page on December 29, 2021.) More than 20 world-famous clothing companies, including multinational corporations such as H&M from Sweden, Inditex from Spain, and Primark from Britain, recently decided to suspend their operations in the garment - [Limitations on the capacity of the Cambodian Special Envoy to Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/limitations-on-the-capacity-of-the-cambodian-special-envoy-to-myanmar/) - Cambodia, the ASEAN chair of 2022, announced on December 15 that their Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prak Sokhonn had been appointed as the ASEAN Special Envoy to Myanmar. The new special envoy will continue working to remedy the failures of his predecessor, Brunei’s second minister for Foreign Affairs, Erywan Yusof, to effectively address the five-point consensus that the ASEAN countries have agreed upon. - [‘Wait-and-see’ and Condemnation-Based Approaches Simply Will Not Resolve an Inhumane War or Promote Civil Protection](https://ispmyanmar.com/wait-and-see-and-condemnation-based-approaches-simply-will-not-resolve-an-inhumane-war-or-promote-civil-protection/) - There has been a record high amount of civilian casualties during the State Administrative Council (SAC)’s military offensives in Kayah State, Sagaing, and Magway Regions, which has included actions such as air raids against residential towns. - [“Humanitarian Plus” Approach and Its Concerns](https://ispmyanmar.com/humanitarian-plus-approach-and-its-concerns/) - Three parties, namely the Karen National Union (KNU), the Chin National Front (CNF), and the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), issued a statement on January 20, 2022, supporting the concept of “Humanitarian Plus” proposed by the U.N. Special Envoy on Myanmar and added three more conditions. - [Myanmar-China Border Trade Crisis Continues](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-china-border-trade-crisis-continues/) - Of the six designated trade gates on the Myanmar-China border, four have reopened between November 2021 and January 2022. These gates were closed mainly due to COVID-19; this is the largest reopening since their closure. However, restrictions continue to prolong the trade crisis. - [Civilian Deaths Due to Conflicts Reach a Record High in More Than Thirty Years](https://ispmyanmar.com/civilian-deaths-due-to-conflicts-reach-a-record-high-in-more-than-thirty-years/) - In 2021, there were at least 3,598 deaths caused by the political and military conflict in Myanmar following the military coup, the highest on record in over 30 years since 1989. According to data compiled by ISP-Myanmar based on publications by media and independent organizations, at least 24,040 civilians have died from 1989 to 2021, with 15 percent of this death toll occurring in 2021 alone. - [One Year On Since the Coup: Armed Clashes, Arrests and Deaths](https://ispmyanmar.com/one-year-on-since-the-coup-armed-clashes-arrests-and-deaths/) - A year on from the Myanmar military coup, civilian security challenges continue to rise. While anti-dictatorship movements continue in various forms, many instances of post-arrest violence and clashes with the military have led to humanitarian crises necessitating emergency assistance, increasing numbers of IDPs and record high numbers of civilian deaths. - [Three Perspectives to Consider on Myanmar’s Coup Anniversary](https://ispmyanmar.com/three-perspectives-to-consider-on-myanmars-coup-anniversary/) - The post-coup situation should be evaluated on the basis of these three proposed perspectives. If dissidents prepare a systematic and long-term strategy, rather than pushing haphazard responses that can only achieve short-term results, they could more effectively realize the political goals to which most people in the country aspire. Provoking “revenge” and anger will only jeopardize the prospect for long-term success. - [China Accounts for more than 73 Percent of Foreign Investment](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-accounts-for-more-than-73-percent-of-foreign-investment-data-matters-no-4/) - In the aftermath of the coup, more than 73 percent of the foreign investment in Myanmar comes from from China. The remaining 27 percent is split between Japan, Singapore, Thailand and South Korea. Less than a year after the coup, from February 2021 to the end of January 2022, there was over US$ 3.62 billion of foreign investment in Myanmar. However, the total value of foreign investment projects that shut down in that time was approximately US$ 4.06 billion. - [Over 9,000 People Detained](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-9000-people-detained-data-matters-no-6/) - At least 12,000 people have been arrested across the country between February 1, 2021, and February 16, 2022, including members of the National League for Democracy, the Union Election Commission, political activists, and anti-coup protesters. Only about 3,000 have been released so far, while at least 9,000 remain in detention. A statement from the State Administration Council said that more than 11,000 people have been arrested and accused of committing acts of violence. - [International Efforts to Solve the Myanmar Crisis: A Possible Playground for Global Superpowers?](https://ispmyanmar.com/international-efforts-to-solve-the-myanmar-crisis-a-possible-playground-for-global-superpowers/) - On March 10, 2022, Japan’s Special Envoy for Myanmar National Reconciliation, Mr. Yohei Sasakawa met with Ethnic Armed Organization (EAO) leaders in Chiang Mai, Thailand. ASEAN’s Special Envoy to Myanmar, Mr. Prak Sokhonn, plans to visit Nay Pyi Taw in the third week of March. President Joe Biden is set to organize an ASEAN-U.S. Summit in Washington D.C. in the near future. - [Over 500 Homes and Buildings Confiscated Nationwide](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-500-homes-and-buildings-confiscated-nationwide/) - As of March 7, 2022, the State Administration Council (SAC) has confiscated at least 531 homes and buildings (in connection with anti-military activities) in the aftermath of the military coup, according to data compiled by ISP-Myanmar, as well as a separate dataset compiled by the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP). Most of the seizures took place in the Sagaing Region, with at least 135 units being seized. Meanwhile, 116 units in the Yangon Region, 85 units in the Mandalay Region, 47 units in the Ayeyarwady Region, and 39 units in the Magway Region were also seized, according to reports. These figures are only based on presently available data, and thus the actual figures may be much higher. - [Sagaing Records Three-Month High in Refugees ](https://ispmyanmar.com/sagaing-records-three-month-high-in-refugees/) - Since the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021, various forms of mass protest against injustice have occurred across Myanmar. Protests are still ongoing in a variety of different forms, including armed conflicts between the ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and SAC’s forces in ethnic regions where those EAOs are based. Simultaneously, fighting between the People’s Defense Forces (PDF/LDF/CDF/CNDF/KNDF) and SAC’s forces has also erupted in some areas. This has created a growing need for humanitarian assistance as conflicts and clashes have intensified and the number of internally displaced persons has risen. - [Significant Rise of Armed Clashes in EAO-controlled Regions ](https://ispmyanmar.com/significant-rise-of-armed-clashes-in-eao-controlled-regions/) - The State Administration Council’s (SAC’s) forces and various Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) clashed at least 2,193 times in the eight months between July 1, 2021, to March 20, 2022. The clashes took place in the EAO-controlled areas of Karen, Kachin, Kayah, and Chin States. Among these, at least 1,775 clashes took place in the Karen National Union (KNU) territory. On March 19, the SAC’s air force dropped four bombs on Kwi-Lar and Ta-Kat-Pu villages in the KNU Brigade 3-controlled area, raising tensions significantly. - [Over 13,000 People Detained Nationwide](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-13000-people-detained-nationwide/) - At least 13,001 people were arrested across the country between February 1, 2021, and March 28, 2022. Those arrested included members of the National League for Democracy (NLD), the Union Election Commission, political activists, and anti-coup protesters. Approximately 3,040 have been released so far; 891 have been sentenced, but at least 9,070 are still being held without charge. A statement from the State Administration Council (SAC) claimed that over 11,000 people have been arrested, and stand accused of committing acts of violence. This figure was disclosed at a press conference on January 17, 2022, but no further figures have been disclosed at subsequent press conferences. - [Singapore, China Top Foreign Investors in Myanmar ](https://ispmyanmar.com/singapore-china-top-foreign-investors-in-myanmar/) - Myanmar received more than US$530 million in direct foreign investment between October 2021 and February 2022, designated by the State Administration Council (SAC) as a mini-budget period. ASEAN countries accounted for the highest investment collectively, with more than US$285 million. Singapore topped the list of individual country investors with US$277 million, followed by China with US$118 million. Other investors in Asia included Thailand (US$7 million), Japan (US$1 million), and Malaysia (US$300,000). This mini-budget period also saw the return of European investors for the first time since the military coup in February 2021, including US$4 million from the Netherlands and more than US$400,000 from France. - [Over 2,300 Civilians Killed Within a Year of the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-2300-civilians-killed-within-a-year-of-the-coup/) - According to records provided by the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), and data compiled by ISP-Myanmar, a total of at least 2,345 civilians were killed nationwide between February 1, 2021, and April 6, 2022. The death toll includes those killed in violent crackdowns by the State Administration Council’s (SAC’s) forces; those killed during interrogation by the SAC, as well as those arrested and those who were shot and killed amidst armed conflicts. These figures are based on the available data; the true civilian death toll may be higher. - [Political Prisoners Account for Only 8% of 57,000 Released on Amnesty](https://ispmyanmar.com/political-prisoners-account-for-8-of-57000-released-on-amnesty/) - According to records from the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), the State Administration Council (SAC) arrested a total of 13,293 people nationwide on suspicion of treasonous, anti-coup activities; these arrests were made between February 1, 2021 and April 18, 2022. March and April 2021 saw the highest number of arrests by the SAC - 2022 continues to see further arrests on the same anti-military basis. These figures are taken from the currently available data; the true figures may be higher. - [Trade with Thailand Accounts for 75% of Myanmar’s Cross-Border Trade](https://ispmyanmar.com/trade-with-thailand-accounts-for-75-of-myanmars-cross-border-trade/) - Trade with China accounted for the largest volume of Myanmar's cross-border trade overall during the 2021-22 mini-budget period. However, trade with Thailand increased during this period by more than US$640 million compared to the same financial period last year. This represents a rise from 34 percent of overall trade to more than 75 percent. - [Number of IDPs Increase By Over 58,000 In April](https://ispmyanmar.com/number-of-refugees-and-idps-increase-by-over-58000-in-april/) - Since the military coup on February 1, 2021, through to April 25, 2022, battles and skirmishes across the country have resulted in a total of 810,889 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). There were already over 497,200 IDPs prior to the coup; the total number of people displaced from their homes in Myanmar has now grown to more than 1,308,089. Additionally, there are over 1,002,000 refugees living in camps at Myanmar’s borders with Bangladesh, India and Thailand. - [Repression of Journalists in Myanmar Breaks 30-Year Record](https://ispmyanmar.com/repression-of-journalists-in-myanmar-breaks-30-year-record/) - May 3 marked World Press Freedom Day. Since the 2021 military coup in Myanmar, the State Administration Council (SAC) has gone to great lengths to crack down on independent news organizations by raiding editorial offices, arresting or shooting journalists as they attempt to report on protests across the country, conducting violent raids on journalists’ homes, and making arbitrary arrests. - [Shaky Pavilion: The Military Council’s Peace Overture ](https://ispmyanmar.com/shaky-pavilion-the-military-councils-peace-overture/) - Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, Chairman of the State Administration Council (SAC), personally invited the heads of Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) to talk about peace on April 22, 2022. As of May 9, the deadline to respond to the offer, only 10 out of 21 EAOs answered the call to meet. - [Over 5,600 Civilians Killed Within a Year of the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-5600-civilians-killed-within-a-year-of-the-coup/) - At least 5,646 civilians were killed in the aftermath of the military coup between February 1, 2021 and May 10, 2022. Among the 5,646, at least 1,831 people died as a result of shootings in connection with anti-coup protests and subsequent arrests. Another 3,107 were killed because they were suspected of being military informants, according to a statement issued during a State Administration Council (SAC) press conference as well as comments made by the chairman of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP). . Some 690 people were killed as a result of the ensuing armed conflicts, and 18 others were said to have died because of violence associated with blood alliance groups. - [Over US$400 Million in Foreign Investment in Four Months](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-us400-million-in-foreign-investment-in-four-months/) - More than US$407 million in foreign investment entered Myanmar during the first four months of 2022. January saw the largest share with investments topping US$260 million. Only about US$24 million entered the country in February. Investment in March jumped to over US$116 million before plummeting to only about US$6 million in April. ASEAN accounted for the largest investment during this period with about 54 percent of total foreign investment. China accounted for about 13 percent of the total with US$51 million. - [The Myanmar Crisis Needs a Sustainable Resolution After U.S.- ASEAN Special Summit](https://ispmyanmar.com/the-myanmar-crisis-needs-a-sustainable-resolution-after-u-s-asean-special-summit/) - The ASEAN-U.S. Special Summit 2022 took place on May 12-13 in Washington, D.C. Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, chairman of the State Administrative Council (SAC), was not invited to attend. U.S. officials did invite Ms. Zin Mar Aung, foreign minister of the opposition National Unity Government (NUG), who met with U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman and other senior U.S. officials during the summit. Zin Mar Aung also met with her Malaysian counterpart, Foreign Minister Saifuddin Abdullah. - [More Than 4,600 Clashes Have Erupted Nationwide Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-4600-clashes-have-erupted-nationwide-since-the-coup/) - Since the military coup, at least 4,679 clashes have taken place nationwide between February 1, 2021 and May 15, 2022. These include armed conflicts between ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and State Administration Council forces, People’s Defense Forces (PDF/LDF/CDF/CNDF/KNDF) and SAC forces, clashes within the EAOs as well as fighting between SAC forces and local guerrilla forces as well as other unknown groups. A closer examination shows that fighting between SAC forces and EAOs accounted for about 3,107 of the 4,679 clashes. Another 1,380 occurred between SAC forces and local PDFs. Some 106 took place within local PDFs, while 41 occurred within EAOs, and 20 took place between unknown groups and SAC forces. - [More Than 580 Homes and Buildings Sealed Off After Military Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-580-homes-and-buildings-sealed-off-after-military-coup/) - The State Administration Council (SAC) has seized at least 586 buildings between February 1, 2021, and May 20, 2022, in connection with anti-coup protests, according to data compiled by ISP-Myanmar. Sagaing Region saw the highest number of seizures, with 159 homes and other buildings sealed off, followed by Yangon Region with 122 seizures, Mandalay Region with 88, Magway Region with 48, and Ayeyarwady Region with 47. ISP-Myanmar arrived at these figures by compiling data from media reports and other independent organizations. Actual figures could be much higher. - [More Than 22,000 Homes and Buildings Torched After the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-22000-homes-and-buildings-torched-after-the-coup/) - Artillery attacks and fire destroyed at least 22,299 buildings, including homes and religious structures, between February 1, 2021, and May 26, 2022. Sagaing Region saw the heaviest damage with about 15,530 houses burned or destroyed, accounting for about 69.7 percent of the total. Magway had the second highest with 4,822 buildings burned or destroyed, or 21.6 percent of the total. The remaining 1,947 buildings, accounting for 8.7 percent of the total, were burned or destroyed across Mandalay, Tanintharyi, and Bago Regions, and Kayah, Chin, Shan, and Karen States. - [209 People Sentenced to Death or Life in Prison](https://ispmyanmar.com/209-people-sentenced-to-death-or-life-in-prison/) - In the aftermath of the military coup between February 1, 2021 and May 31, 2022, a total of 209 people have been sentenced to death or life in prison, as well as a combination of death sentence and life imprisonment in connection with anti-military activities. Of this total, 117 were sentenced to death after their arrest or sentenced to death after warrants issued for them, six were sentenced to life imprisonment and death after their arrest, 86 were sentenced to life in prison after their arrest. Out of 209 who are facing these most severe penalties, 202 are from Yangon Region, accounting for 96.7 percent of the total; the remaining seven are from Ayeyarwady Region, accounting for 3.3 percent of the total. Among those who were sentenced to death after the arrest, two are boys under the age of 18. - [Trade With China Declines by Over US$1.3 Billion](https://ispmyanmar.com/trade-with-china-declines-by-over-us1-3-billion/) - Myanmar’s foreign trade topped US$16 billion during the first mini-budget period set by the State Administration Council (SAC). Exports accounted for nearly US$8.3 billion, while imports added nearly US$8 billion. Overall trade value declined in this period over the previous financial year by more than US$160 million. Trade with China during this period brought in more than US$4.2 billion, a drop of more than US$1.3 billion for the same period last year. - [Over 2.5 Million People now Displaced from within Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-2-5-million-people-now-displaced-from-within-myanmar/) - In Myanmar, the combined number of internally displaced people and refugees having crossed a border due to conflict from 1989 to May 31, 2022 has exceeded 2.5 million (2,589,112). Of these, 1,009,190 (combined before and after the coup)are refugees who have fled the country and 497,200 are people internally displaced due to the various armed conflicts before the coup. The rest 1,082,722 represents the number of new IDPs increased since the coup on February 1, 2021 until May 31, 2022 due to clashes between State Administration Council (SAC) forces with both ethnic armed organizations and other local armed forces (such as the PDF/LDF/CDF/CNDF/KNDF). - [Over 28,000 Homes and Buildings Torched or Destroyed Since Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-28000-homes-and-buildings-torched-or-destroyed-since-coup/) - Artillery attacks and fire destroyed at least 28,419 buildings, including homes and religious structures, between February 1, 2021 and July 15, 2022. Sagaing Region saw the heaviest damage with about 20,485 houses torched or destroyed, accounting for about 72 percent of the total. The second highest affected area was Magway Region, where 5,705 buildings were torched or destroyed, accounting for 20 percent of the total. The remaining 2,229 buildings, accounting for 7.84 percent of the total, were torched or destroyed across Chin, Kayah, Shan, Mon and Karen States, and Mandalay, Tanintharyi and Bago Regions. - [Myanmar Crisis: Implications of Death Sentences Inseparable from Transitional Justice](https://ispmyanmar.com/myanmar-crisis-implications-of-death-sentences-inseparable-from-transitional-justice/) - The junta’s practice of executing those under politically motivated death sentences is the latest indication that ASEAN’s push for a ‘return to normalcy’ in Myanmar is over. Although the new trajectory of the country is still vague, it is certain that the ‘old normal’ – of problem definition and resolution within Myanmar politics – can no longer work to solve the current crises. - [Over 6,600 Clashes Erupt Nationwide ](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-6600-clashes-erupt-nationwide/) - At least 6,678 clashes have erupted across the country since the military coup. Of these, 4,052 clashes were between SAC forces and EAOs; at least 1,711 clashes were between SAC forces and the local People’s Defense Forces (PDF/LDF/CDF/CNDF/KNDF etc.); at least 827 clashes broke out between SAC forces and combined groups of EAOs and PDFs, and at least 48 clashes erupted within EAOs themselves. There was at least one clash between local PDFs and EAOs in May and there were around 39 clashes between SAC forces and as yet unknown armed groups. - [Almost 3 Million Internally Displaced and Exiled Refugees in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/almost-3-million-internally-displaced-and-exiled-refugees-in-myanmar-2/) - In Myanmar, the number of internally displacedpeople (IDPs) due to conflict and cross-border refugees from 1989 to August 20, 2022 has reached 2,930,201. Of these, 1,413,811 represent the increased number of refugees and IDPs since the 2021 coup, accounting for 48 percent of the total. There were also more than 497,200 internally displaced persons who were already on the run due to armed conflicts which had occurred before the coup. The combined number of cross-border refugees before and after the coup is at least 1,019,190. - [Over US$ 400 Million Foreign Direct Investment to Myanmar in Four Months](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-us-400-million-foreign-direct-investment-to-myanmar-in-four-months/) - The year 2022 recorded the lowest level of foreign direct investment (FDI) in four years, measured over the first seven months of the fiscal year. Compared to 2021, the year of the coup, FDI has fallen by more than half. More than US$ 1.6 billion in foreign investment was recorded between January and July 2022, the second largest inflow under the State Administration Council's control. In June, only US$ 6.59 million entered, but in July, it increased to nearly US$ 1.2 billion. Compared to June, foreign investment increased 180 times in one month. - [More Than 36,000 Homes and Buildings Torched After the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-36000-homes-and-buildings-torched-after-the-coup/) - At least 36,209 homes and buildings (including religious buildings) were torched or destroyed by artillery fire between February 1, 2021, and September 15, 2022. At least 8,313 homes and buildings were destroyed in May 2022 alone, representing the highest monthly total so far since the military coup. - [Border Trade Volume with Thailand Increases More Than USD 160 Million](https://ispmyanmar.com/border-trade-volume-with-thailand-increases-more-than-usd-160-million/) - Cross-border trade volume with neighboring countries in the first quarter of the 2022-23 financial year amended by the SAC following the coup, was approximately USD 2 billion. This resulted in a decrease of approximately USD 290 million in exports and more than USD 340 million in imports compared with the previous financial year (2021-22). During these three months, Myanmar traded over USD 1.3 billion with Thailand, an increase of more than USD 161 million from the same period in the 2021-22 fiscal year. Meanwhile, Myanmar's trade volume with China plunged by more than USD 600 million, followed by a decline of more than USD 158 million with Bangladesh and a decline of around USD 30 million with India. - [Over 7,000 Civilian Deaths Since the Military Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-7000-civilian-deaths-since-the-military-coup/) - Conflicts that followed the military coup in Myanmar led to the deaths of at least 7,158 civilians through September 20. At least 2,299 of these civilians were shot while protesting or died after being arrested by the State Administration Council (SAC). Another 1,317 civilians were killed during armed conflicts. Some 3,542 others were killed after being accused of being military informants, according to a list released by the SAC. No verification of the authenticity of the list has yet been made by any independent organizations. - [More Than 7,700 Clashes Broke Out Nationwide](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-7700-clashes-broke-out-nationwide/) - A total of 7,703 clashes broke out in the country between February 1, 2021, and October 12, 2022 following the coup. There were more than 7,000 battles during the period, of which at least 4,520 were between SAC forces and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), and at least 2,168 were between SAC forces and local armed resistance groups (PDF, LDF, CNDF, KNDF, etc.). At least 906 clashes were launched by ethnic armed organizations and local armed resistance groups against SAC forces. - [IDPs Spread Across 96 Townships](https://ispmyanmar.com/idps-spread-across-in-96-townships/) - Data up to October 19, 2022 shows the number of internally displaced people (IDPs) and refugees in Myanmar caused by armed conflict following the military coup has reached 1,650,611. There were also more than 497,200 IDPs who were already on the run due to armed conflict occurring before the coup. The combined number of cross-border refugees before and after the coup is at least 1,009,190. - [Energy Sector Receives Most Investment](https://ispmyanmar.com/energy-sector-receives-most-investment/) - A sector-by-sector analysis of foreign direct investment from the coup up to 30 September 2022, shows that the energy sector received the largest share with more than US$3.8 billion. However neither the mining sector nor the oil and gas sector received any foreign investment. On a monthly basis, May 2021 recorded the highest amount of investment with more than US$1.2 billion. No foreign investment was recorded in either February or April 2021. - [More Than 38,000 Houses and Buildings Torched Nationwide Since Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/more-than-38000-houses-and-buildings-torched-nationwide-since-coup/) - Data Matters No. 36 As of October 31, 2022, at least 38,568 houses and buildings (including religious buildings) have been torched and destroyed during armed conflicts since the coup. The number of torched buildings increased this year and it accounts for over 94 percent of the total. Sagaing Region has the highest total so far - [Over 7,800 Clashes Have Erupted Across the Country Since Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/over-7800-clashes-have-erupted-across-the-country-since-coup/) - From the start of the military coup to November 15 this year, at least 7,855 clashes have erupted across the country. Of these, at least 4,548 clashes broke out between the State Administration Council (SAC) forces and Ethnic Revolutionary Organizations (EROs). Around 2,267 clashes erupted between the SAC forces and the People Defense Forces (PDFs) including LDF, CDF, CNDF, and KNDF, while there were at least 925 clashes between the SAC forces and combined forces of EROs and PDFs. - [China, Thailand and Singapore Remain Myanmar’s Top Trading Partners](https://ispmyanmar.com/china-thailand-and-singapore-remain-myanmars-top-trading-partners/) - China, Thailand and Singapore remain Myanmar’s top trading partners of the past four fiscal years. Comparing Myanmar’s trading partners of the past four fiscal years from the 2018-19 fiscal year to 2021-22 mini-budget period, Malaysia rose to fourth while Japan declined to seventh. The 2020-21 fiscal year experienced an export volume of over USD 15.3 billion and an import volume of over USD 14.6 billion. This total trade volume declined by nearly USD 7 billion compared with the 2019-20 fiscal year. - [2 Million IDPs Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/2-million-idps-since-the-coup/) - The number of internally displaced people (IDPs) in Myanmar due to armed conflict following the coup has reached at least 1,912,769 as of December 14, 2022. There were already at least 497,200 IDPs on the run before the coup, and the number of cross-border refugees before and since the coup has reached at least 1,019,190. These numbers indicate that almost 7 percent of the country’s total population are now fleeing from armed conflict. - [Almost 20,000 Houses and Buildings Torched Within Two and a Half Months](https://ispmyanmar.com/almost-20000-houses-and-buildings-torched-within-two-and-a-half-months/) - During post-coup armed conflicts and clashes, at least 57,807 houses and buildings (including religious buildings) have been torched and destroyed as of January 15, 2023. Between November 2022 and mid-January 2023 alone, at least 19,239 houses and buildings were torched and destroyed. Moreover, at least 673 houses and buildings have been torched and destroyed in 10 townships that had previously experienced no acts of arson. Among them, Myingyan township, Sagaing Region experienced the largest amount of destruction with over 300 houses and buildings torched and destroyed. - [Behind the Trade Gap Between China and Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/behind-the-trade-gap-between-china-and-myanmar/) - When comparing official announcements of the two-way trade figures of Myanmar and China, there is a gap of almost USD 11 billion. This applies to data in the eight months of the 2022-2023 fiscal year from April to November. According to announcements of the State Administration Council, trade value with China for the period was over USD 6 billion. But it was almost USD 17 billion in the corresponding China announcements. ISP-Myanmar will explain in brief how this gap has occurred and other important information from the Myanmar-China trade data. - [40 Political Parties Abolished and Uptick in Diplomatic Visits to Naypyitaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-12/) - ISP-Myanmar conveys well wishes for a safe and productive New Year for Myanmar Era 1385 and a happy Thingyan festival to Gabyin community members. In this Insight Email, ISP-Myanmar reports the legal abolition of 40 political parties, including the National League for Democracy (NLD), examines the increase in diplomatic expeditions to Naypyitaw, and assesses the withdrawal of foreign investment from Myanmar. This email also discusses Myanmar’s National Strategic Plan for the Advancement of Women (NSPAW) and developments surrounding the upcoming Thai elections. - [SAC's Offensive Operations Ramp Up in Shan and Kayah States](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/DM-42-eng-1.pdf) - The State Administration Council (SAC) imposed martial law two years since the coup and stepped up their offensives in areas where there was substantial resistance. The frequency of airstrikes increased as fighting between the military and local resistance forces grew more intense in Kayah State, Southern Shan State, Kayin State, Chin State, and the Sagaing Region. Battles between armed forces are occurring more frequently and throughout wider geographic areas because of the military's offensives. ISP-Myanmar will highlight and provide a brief explanation of battles between Karenni resistance forces and the military that took place in Shan and Kayah States. - [An Increase of Over 2.5 Million IDPs Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Data-matters-43-eng-1.pdf) - Since the coup, at least 2,694,567 people have been internally displaced as of April 20, 2023 due to violent clashes. Prior to the coup, there were some 497,200 internally displaced people (IDPs). In total, there are over three million IDPs in Myanmar. Furthermore, at least one million people, including the Rohingya, remain IDPs who have fled across borders to seek refuge. - [Neighborhood Diplomacy Coming to the Forefront and Military Budget Set to Swell](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-13/) - This week, instead of actually reading, we are rather listening to the traditional Thangyat during the Thin-Gyan water festival. Thangyat is quite a unique tradition in Myanmar and is inseparable from the Thin Gyan. Thangyat is a unique performance art that combines traditional folk verse chanting with rhythmic drumming and even rap-like lyrics, accompanied by dance and song routines. - [2,153 Political Prisoners Released after Chinese Foreign Minister Visit to Naypyitaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/EDM-44-1.pdf) - Traditionally, political prisoners in Myanmar are granted freedom by the military junta within two years since the coup, often coinciding with auspicious national holidays such as Myanmar New Year, Union Day, National Day, and Independence Day. However, this year marks the first time that political prisoners were released on the religious full-moon day of Kason, which falls on the second month of the traditional Burmese calendar. The timing of this amnesty is notable, as it occurred just one day after Chinese Foreign Minister Mr. Qin Gang's visit to Naypyitaw, where he met with Myanmar's State Administration Council (SAC) leaders. This has led some to speculate that the amnesty was arranged to coincide with Mr. Qin's diplomatic trip. - [China’s Policy Reset: Will the SAC Follow China-Driven Political Exit?](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-14/) - China’s new Foreign Minister Mr. Qin Gang visited Naypyitaw on May 2, 2023. This marked the first official visit by a high-ranking Chinese official to Myanmar’s capital in the two years since the military coup. In the hours prior to the Naypyitaw trip, Mr. Qin toured the border regions of Yunnan province, which maintains vested interests with Myanmar in various sectors. Prior to Mr. Qin’s trip, Mr. Peng Xiubin, Director-General of the International Liaison Department of the Communist Party of China and other high officials from Yunnan had frequently visited Myanmar. - [ASEAN Summit and Humanitarian Assistance Prospects](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-14/) - The Cyclone Mocha, one of the strongest cyclones to ever hit the Bay of Bengal, made landfall on the coastlines of Myanmar and Bangladesh on May 14. Its dangerous winds, downpours and storm surge wreaked havoc on 90% of infrastructure in and around storm epicenter in Rakhine State. - [Recurring Clashes Between EAO-PDF and SAC Forces](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/DM-45-7x10-ENG.pdf#new_tab) - At least 9,347 clashes have occurred across Myanmar in more than two years since the coup, with 1,407 of them happening in just the first four months of 2023. More than half of these 1,407 clashes—about 58 percent— broke out between the combined EAO (Ethnic Armed Organizations) and PDF (People’s Defense Force) forces and SAC’s (State Administration Council) forces. The number of clashes between the combined EAO and PDF forces and the SAC’s forces within these four months is the second highest to the number in June 2022. - [Alerted Security in Mae Sot, Thai-Myanmar border in Post-Election: Normal Response?](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-15/) - This week's focus revolves around the repercussions of the devastating Cyclone Mocha and the unfolding dynamics of the warming El Niño phenomenon. Amidst the ongoing challenges in forming a new Thai government following the May election, there is a growing concern regarding the escalating security issues at the Thai-Myanmar border, particularly in Mae Sot. In addition, this bulletin delves into the current state of school enrollment in Myanmar’s new academic year. - [Energy Sector: 70% of Total Inflow and Key in Foreign Investment](https://ispmyanmar.com/dm-46/) - Myanmar has attracted more than USD 5.4 billion in foreign investment within over two years since the coup. Of these, 70 percent (approximately USD 4 billion) is directed to the energy sector. The extent of foreign investment in the energy sector includes USD 2.5 billion - part of China's Mee Lin Gyaing LNG Power project, which was approved in May 2021. - [Inconclusive Mongla Talks and Sagaing Forum’s Federalist Push](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-16/) - This week’s ISP Insight email focuses on the Mongla talks between the State Administration Council (SAC) and the Three Brotherhood Alliance. In addition, it discusses the importance of the Sagaing Forum in its attempt to formulate the long-term vision, as well as medium-term and short-term preparations for their anti-coup struggle in Sagaing Region where more than 300 armed resistance forces are active. - [Counting the Cost: Civilian Deaths Reach Record High in Early 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/dm-47/) - In the first five months of 2023, the number of civilian deaths reached a record high, with at least 748 individuals losing their lives in clashes. This figure accounts for nearly 60 percent of the total civilian casualties reported in the previous year. Since the coup, at least 8,640 civilians have been killed. Approximately 2,183 of these deaths were caused by gunshots inflicted by the State Administration Council (SAC), either during protests or while individuals were in SAC detention. - [Pattaya Meeting, and the Inexorable Rise of Rare Earths Mining](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-17/) - This week’s ISP Insight Email focuses on the informal meeting on Myanmar in Pattaya, organized by the Thai caretaker government. Readers will also find a discussion of the possibility that SAC officials held a secret meeting with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi amid the ongoing concern that the media information space is becoming ever more conducive to rumors, fake news, misinformation, and disinformation. - [A Fragile Economy and Probability of Conflict Resurfacing in Kachin State](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-18/) - This week’s ISP-Myanmar Insight Email No.18 highlights the World Bank’s Burma Economic Monitor and the fragile status of Myanmar’s economy. We also present the probability of conflict resurfacing in Kachin State along key routes for the military and border trade purposes, and the fighting in the border town of Mese, Kayah State, highlighting a switching of allegiances of the Karenni Border Guard Forces (BGF) against the junta. - [China and The SAC: More Security and Diplomatic Collaboration](https://ispmyanmar.com/ex-04/) - This ISP Explainer No. 4 centers on recent developments in China-Myanmar relations based on ISP-Myanmar’s timelines of notable events. One major event of concern is that of a convoy of Chinese officials who were shot while traveling along the Sadon-Kanpiketi Highway at a time when State Administration Council (SAC) forces had renewed their offensive against the Kachin Independence Army (KIA). - [SAC’s World Biggest Stupa and Superstitious Number ‘Nine’](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-19/) - This week’s ISP Insight Email focuses on the consecration event of the world’s highest marble Buddha Stupa, Maravijaya, which main sponsor is the SAC’s leader, the stupa’s relationship with the junta’s superstitious lucky number ‘nine’. We also present the change of the financial control by the SAC’s Central Bank over export earnings - forcing the conversion of Myanmar Kyat from a ratio of 65:35 to 50:50. However, the policy may have little impact and currently, the state of Myanmar's economy is alarming for both consumers and producers. - [Over 24,000 Houses and Buildings Torched in Early 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/dm-48/) - At least 81,899 houses and buildings (including religious buildings) have been torched and destroyed since the coup two years ago. Of that number, almost 30% (at least 24,138 houses and buildings) were burned down in the first six months of 2023. - [Puzzle of Official Trade Gap Rises: China and Myanmar Trade Data](https://ispmyanmar.com/dm-49/) - A comparison between the statements of SAC and the General Administration of Customs of China (GACC) shows a nearly USD 17 billion gap in the previous 2022-23 financial year. The amount represents illegal trade while showing an increase of almost two times compared to the 2020-21 financial year. - [Prolonged SAC's Rule](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-20/) - This week’s ISP Insight Email No. 20 focuses on the State Administration Council’s (SAC) extension of its own term in office creating a complex Catch-22 situation with the SAC’s aspiration for fresh elections. Prison terms for President Win Myint and Aung San Suu Kyi were partially pardoned, yet the extent of the goodwill derived from this move remains minimal. - [SAC's Election Plan and China Pays Special Attention](https://ispmyanmar.com/ex-05/) - This discussion focuses on the development of China-Myanmar relations based on ISP’s timeline collections which follow trends on particular subjects. Recently, the State Administration Council (SAC) extended its rule by six months while also outlining high priority on holding ‘free and fair democratic multiparty elections’ in its future programs. - [Are People Happy Nowadays?](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-21/) - For this week's insight email to Gabyin community members, ISP-Myanmar discusses the suffocating lives under military rule. This sense of stagnation stems from the gradual decline of the Myanmar economy, which is now facing not just distress, but a slow demise. - [Rare Earths Mining Freeze; Chinese Market Squeeze](https://ispmyanmar.com/ex-07/) - This discussion focuses on developments in China-Myanmar relations in the month of August 2023, based on ISP’s Timeline on China-Myanmar relations. - [Post-Coup Arson: 86,000 Homes and Buildings Destroyed](https://ispmyanmar.com/dm-50/) - In over two and a half years since the coup, at least 86,134 houses and buildings (including religious buildings) have been torched and destroyed, with 64 percent of these happening in 2022 alone. - [Beijing Launches Serious Cross-border Arrests in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/ex-08/) - This explainer focuses on developments in the Myanmar-China relationship over the past few months. Dissatisfied with the State Administration Council’s (SAC) efforts on crackdown of cross-border crimes, Beijing has undertaken its own initiatives towards arresting suspects in the Kokang and Wa areas. - [A Flare-Up of War in Northern Shan State](https://ispmyanmar.com/ie-26/) - This week, ISP-Myanmar’s Insight Email focuses on three main topics: first, the resurgence of war in Northern Shan State, including in the Palaung area, second, the unproductive peace overture of the SAC chief, and third, the possible trend of humanitarian aid to Myanmar conflict-affected population in a new form. - [Operation 1027:Will All Roads Lead to Laukkai or Naypyitaw?](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-17/) - ISP-Myanmar is planning to release a series of three OnPoint analyses that will shed light on 'Operation 1027', the military offensive launched by the Three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) and their allies on October 27, 2023. The first report will provide an in-depth analysis of the context of the offensive and its 'signaling effects'. - [Operation 1027:China’s Economic Entanglement With Anticipated and Unforeseen Risks](https://ispmyanmar.com/op-18/) - ISP-Myanmar is presenting a series of three OnPoint analyses that will shed light on ‘Operation 1027’, the military offensive launched by the three Brotherhood Alliance (3BHA) and their allies on October 27, 2023. This ISP OnPoint No. 18 analysis, the second in the series, emphasizes the economic significance embedded within the offensive and China’s response to the conflict. - [ISP-Myanmar’s 10 Most Read Analyses of 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-myanmars-ten-most-read-articles-of-2023/) - ISP is excited to showcase the top ten pieces that captivated our readers this year! Leading the list is none other than the OnPoint analysis on 'Operation 1027.' The remaining gems include ISP Mappings on Conflict, Peace and Security, and China Studies, along with Insight Emails delving into the military succession crisis and armed conflict in the Northern Shan State. Explore these engaging pieces through the links below! ## Pages - [Front Page](https://ispmyanmar.com/) - [ISP Column Concept](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column-concept/) - ISP Column သို့ စာမူပေးပို့မှု လမ်းညွှန်နှင့် မူဝါဒများ ပြင်ဆင်ချက် – ၂၀၂၆ ခုနှစ်၊ မတ် ၁၆ ရက်။ ‘ISP Column’ ဆိုတာက ကျယ်ပြန့်တဲ့ ခေါင်းစဉ်အကြောင်းအရာတွေကို ဆွေးနွေးနိုင်ဖို့ ပြင်ပဆောင်းပါးရှင်တွေနဲ့ အထူးသဖြင့် လူငယ်တွေကို ဖိတ်ခေါ်ချင်တဲ့ ရပ်ဝန်းတခု ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရဲ့ ပဋိပက္ခ၊ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး၊ လုံခြုံရေး၊ တရုတ်-မြန်မာဆက်ဆံရေး၊ နိုင်ငံရေးဆိုင်ရာ ဘောဂဗေဒ၊ နိုင်ငံရေး၊ လူမှုစီးပွား၊ နိုင်ငံတကာဆက်ဆံရေး၊ သမိုင်း၊ ယဉ်ကျေးမှု၊ စာပေ စသဖြင့် နှစ်သက်ရာကို ရေးသားတင်ပြပေးနိုင်ဖို့ပါပဲ။ စိတ်ကူးဉာဏ်ကွန့်မြူးနိုင်မယ့် အတွေးအကြံနဲ့ ဆွေးနွေးငြင်းခုံမှုတွေ ဖြစ်စေရေးကို ရည်ရွယ်ပါတယ်။ စာရေးသူတွေရဲ့ ရှင်းလင်းပြတ်သားတဲ့အမြင်နဲ့ စူးရှတဲ့ကြံဆချက်တွေဟာ ပညာရှင်တွေ၊ လေ့လာသူတွေနဲ့ ပရိသတ်အများအတွက်ပါ အတွေးပွားစရာတွေ ဖြစ်စေချင်ပါတယ်။ စာမူရွေးချယ်မှု - [Subscribe](https://ispmyanmar.com/subscribe/) - Subscribe Want to stay on top of Myanmar’s affairs Join our vibrant community by subscribing to our weekly emails for free! Stay ahead with valuable insights on Myanmar delivered straight to your inbox. You’ll receive new articles, research, and be the first to dive into expert opinions on Myanmar’s current development, all at your fingertips. - [Media](https://ispmyanmar.com/media/) - Media All Media In the News Press Releases & Statements Media Inquire In the News CNI Myanmar 30 Jun 2026 မြန်မာမှာ လုံခြုံရေးယူပြီး ကျောင်းအားလုံးဖွင့်ရန် သမ္မတ ပြော DVB Burmese 30 Jun 2026 လူမှုစီးပွားအခက်အခဲများကြောင့် ကျောင်းသား ၆ သန်းကျော် ပညာသင်ခွင့် ဆုံးရှုံးနေ DVB English 30 Jun 2026 Eight civilians killed by airstrikes in Sagaing Region; Myanmar to restart Chinese funded mining - [Timeline](https://ispmyanmar.com/timeline/) - [Capacity Incubation](https://ispmyanmar.com/capacity-incubation/) - Capacity Incubation Strengthen capacities for democratic leadership through the design or reform of institutions such as political parties, parliaments, government departments, and local associations. ISP-Myanmar grounds its capacity building program in an approach that emphasizes the role of institutions, organizational culture and broader contextual factors in influencing governance. As a result, we seek to strengthen - [Vacancy Announcement](https://ispmyanmar.com/vacancy-announcement/) - CALL FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICE Title: Gender Consultant Duration: December 2025 to May 2026 (six months)Location: RemoteReporting to: Program Head Background Myanmar is undergoing a profound political and social transformation in the aftermath of the 2021 coup, marked by fragmented authority and the rise of multiple governance actors across regions. These actors operate under varying imperatives: - [ISP Column Selected](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column-selected/) - ISP COlumn From Noise to Voice: Encouraging Youth's Perspectives စာမူပေးပို့ရန် ပဏာမရွေးချယ်ထားသောစာမူများ ISP-Myanmar ရဲ့ အစီအစဉ်သစ်တခုဖြစ်တဲ့ ISP Column စာမျက်နှာကနေ ဆက်လက်ထုတ်ဝေဖို့ လျာထားတဲ့ ပဏာမ စာမူတွေ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ စာမူတွေကို တပတ်မှာ သုံးပုဒ် ဒါမှမဟုတ် လေးပုဒ်နှုန်း(တနင်္ဂနွေ၊ တနင်္လာ၊ ဗုဒ္ဓဟူးနဲ့ သောကြာနေ့တွေမှာ) အလျဉ်းသင့်သလို ဖော်ပြနိုင်ဖို့ လျာထားပါတယ်။ စာမူတွေ အားတက်သရော ပေးပို့ကြတာ အထူး ကျေးဇူးတင်ပါတယ်။ စာမူအသစ်တွေကိုလည်း ကြိုဆိုနေပါတယ်။ ပဏာမလျာထားချက်ဖြစ်တဲ့အတွက် စာမူခေါင်းစဉ်မှာ ပြင်ဆင်ချက် အနည်းငယ် ရှိနိုင်ပါတယ်။ ပေးပို့လာတဲ့ စာမူတွေဟာ ရှိရင်းစွဲ အယူအဆ၊ အတွေးအမြင်နဲ့ အဖြစ်အပျက်တွေကို အခြေခံပြီး● အများပြည်သူအကြား အချေအတင် ဆွေးနွေးစရာဖြစ်အောင် တင်ပြနိုင်မှု၊● - [Data Gallery](https://ispmyanmar.com/data-gallery/) - ISP Products All ISP Products Outlook Tracker State of Myanmar Flash Updates Situation Brief Policy Brief Survey ISP Column OnPoint Insight Email Data Gallery Mapping Explainers Multimedia Clips ISP Shorts Publications Policy Editorial Data Matters What Matters Analysis Opinion Visual Explainers Timeline ISP Peace Desk ISP China Desk ISP Special Series Data Gallery Filter by - [Publications](https://ispmyanmar.com/publications/) - Resources All Resources ISP Column OnPoint Insight Email Data Gallery Mapping Clips Publications Policy Editorial Explainers What Matters Analysis Data Matters ISP Peace Desk ISP China Desk ISP Special Series ISP Publications Filter by Type Any Analysis (2) Event Recap Memo (11) Flash Updates (3) ISP DataMatters (14) ISP Explainer (6) ISP Insight Email (29) ISP Journal (10) ISP Mapping (2) ISP OnPoint (19) - [About](https://ispmyanmar.com/about/) - About Us Established in 2016, the Institute for Strategy and Policy (ISP) – Myanmar is an independent, non-partisan, and non-governmental think tank. ISP-Myanmar promotes democratic leadership and public participation in public affairs to encourage a resilient and tolerant society. Its goals are the advancement of democracy, the building of a federal union, and the strengthening - [Explainers](https://ispmyanmar.com/explainers/) - [Analysis/Opinion](https://ispmyanmar.com/analysis-opinion/) - [ISP-Myanmar’s Data Privacy Policy](https://ispmyanmar.com/privacy-policy/) - Welcome to ISP-Myanmar Please read this Data Privacy Policy carefully. You are agreeing the following terms by visiting our website, registering, and using it. ISP-Myanmar will make changes to this policy to suit the context, time, and situation from time to time and will publish the updated policy here at this page. Continue using the - [Contact Us](https://ispmyanmar.com/contact-us/) - Contact Us We’d love to hear from you, and there are plenty of ways to get in touch with us! You can connect with us through the comment sections on our website, our social media channels, or good old-fashioned email and phone calls. Whether you have questions, thoughts, or just want to give us a - [Terms of Use](https://ispmyanmar.com/terms-of-use/) - ISP-Myanmar’s Gabyin Membership Registration To register as a Gabyin member, you just have to follow one rule: you will not make any hate speech that discriminate anyone including ISP-Myanmar staff members based on race, religion, gender, and political views. Use Of Materials ISP-Myanmar owns the copyrights of ISP-Myanmar websites, and any data and information such - [ISP Products](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-products/) - [Topics](https://ispmyanmar.com/topics/) - [Resources](https://ispmyanmar.com/resources/) ## Contributors - [တာပလု](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/ta_blu/) - တာပလုသည် အယ်ဒီတာတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး သတင်းဆောင်းပါးများ၊ ဝတ္ထုတိုများ ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [နေအောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/neaung/) - နေအောင်သည် ကျောင်းဆရာတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး မီဒီယာတချို့တွင် ဆောင်းပါးများရေးသားနေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [စံဒေဝီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/sandevi/) - စံဒေဝီသည် ပြည်တွင်းနေထိုင်သူတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး သတင်းစာပညာကို လေ့လာနေသူတဦးဖြစ်သည်။ - [အိုဖီလီယာယုံလင်ဘမ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/opheliayumlembam/) - အိုဖီလီယာယုံလင်ဘမ်သည် နယူးဒေလီမြို့တွင် အခြေစိုက်ကာ တရုတ်နိုင်ငံရေးနှင့် ပထဝီဝင်နိုင်ငံရေးတို့ကို အဓိကထား လေ့လာနေသော တရုတ်နှင့်အာရှအရေးသုတေသနအဖွဲ့တွင် သုတေသီအဖြစ် လုပ်ကိုင်လျက်ရှိသည်။ - [မင်းသီဟသစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/minthihathit/) - မင်းသီဟသစ်သည် အထက်တန်းအောင်မြင်ပြီးနောက် ပညာရေးရပ်တန့်နေသော လူငယ်တဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဟိတေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/hite/) - ဟိတေသည် ISP-Myanmar ၏ Capacity Building Program က လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [မေမီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mayme/) - မေမီသည် ရခိုင်ဒေသက စစ်ရေး၊ နိုင်ငံရေးနှင့် တခြားကဏ္ဍအသီးသီးအပေါ် သတင်းနှင့် ဆောင်းပါးများ ရေးသားနေသော သတင်းထောက်တဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [မောင်ငြိမ်းဇေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mgnyeinzay/) - မောင်ငြိမ်းဇေသည် အဆင့်မြင့်ပညာရေး၊ နိုင်ငံရေးသိပ္ပံနှင့် လူမှုအဖွဲ့အစည်း ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးကဏ္ဍများတွင် တက်ကြွစွာ ဆောင်ရွက်နေသူတဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [မောင်လွမ်းဝေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mglwanwai/) - မောင်လွမ်းဝေသည် ပြည်သူ့ရေးရာမူဝါဒဆိုင်ရာ ပညာရပ်ဖြင့် သုတေသနပြုနေသော လူငယ်သုတေသီ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ထက်ရှိန်လင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/htetsheinlin/) - ထက်ရှိန်လင်းသည် ISP-Myanmar ၏ Conflict, Peace and Security Program က လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [မင်းသန့်ဦး](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mynnthantoo/) - မင်းသန့်ဦးသည် မက်ဆာချူးဆက်လိုဝေးတက္ကသိုလ်၊ နိုင်ငံရေးသိပ္ပံဌာနတွင် ကမ္ဘာ့ရေးရာလေ့လာမှု (Global Studies) ဘာသာရပ်ဖြင့် ပါရဂူတန်းတက်ရောက်နေသော ကျောင်းသားတဦး ဖြစ်သည်။​ - [ဆုရတနာမြင့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/suyadanarmyint/) - ဆုရတနာမြင့်သည် နိုင်ငံရေးအကျဉ်းသူဟောင်းတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး ၂၀၁၄-၁၅ ကျောင်းသားနိုင်ငံရေးလှုပ်ရှားမှုများတွင်လည်း တက်ကြွစွာ ပါဝင်ခဲ့သည်။ ယခုအခါ သုတေသနနှင့် လူငယ်ခေါင်းဆောင်မှုမြှင့်တင်ရေးဆိုင်ရာ အရပ်ဘက်အဖွဲ့အစည်းတခုကို ဦးဆောင်နေပါသည်။ - [ဂေါင်းစကား](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/gongsakarr/) - ဂေါင်းစကားသည် လူငယ်သုတေသီတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး စစ်ရေးပဋိပက္ခနှင့် နိုင်ငံရေးဖြစ်ပေါ်ပြောင်းလဲမှုများကို လေ့လာနေသူတဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ထွင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/htwin/) - ထွင်သည် CDM လှုပ်ရှားမှုတွင် ပါဝင်သော နိုင်ငံ့ဝန်ထမ်းတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး ဆောင်းပါးများ အခါအားလျော်စွာ ရေးသားသည်။​ - [ဆောင်းရနံ့ပြည့်ကျော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/saung-yanant-pyae-kyaw/) - ဆောင်းရနံ့ပြည့်ကျော်သည် ဟာဝိုင်ယီတက္ကသိုလ် (မာနိုအာ) တွင် အာရှဒေသဆိုင်ရာ နိုင်ငံတကာရေးရာ ဘာသာရပ်ဖြင့် မဟာတန်းတက်ရောက်နေသော ကျောင်းသူဖြစ်သည်။ - [လွမ်းနောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/lwannaung/) - လွမ်းနောင်သည် ပြည်သူ့ရေးရာစီမံခန့်ခွဲမှုပညာ မဟာတန်းကို တက်ရောက်နေပြီး လူမှုရေးနှင့် စီးပွားရေးဆိုင်ရာ သုတေသနများ လုပ်ဆောင်နေပါသည်။ - [ကိုဉာဏသစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/konyanathit/) - ကိုဉာဏသစ်သည် မြန်မာ့နိုင်ငံရေးလေ့လာသူဖြစ်ပြီး နိုင်ငံရေးစစ်ရေးဆောင်းပါးများ ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ပန်ဒါ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/panda/) - ပန်ဒါသည် ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှုနောက်ပိုင်း မြေပြင်တွင် လက်နက်ကိုင်တော်လှန်နေသူတဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [သီမာသင်ဂုပ္တ(Seema Sengupta)](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/seema-sengupta/) - သီမာသင်ဂုပ္တ(Seema Sengupta) သည် ကာလကတ္တားအခြေစိုက် သတင်းစာဆရာနှင့် ကော်လံဆောင်းပါးရှင်တဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [နရမိတ်လှ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/naramithla/) - နရမိတ်လှသည် နိုင်ငံရေးလေ့လာသူနှင့် အလွတ်တန်းဆောင်းပါးရှင် ဖြစ်ပြီး ဒေသတွင်း မီဒီယာများတွင် နိုင်ငံရေးဆောင်းပါးများ ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ရိပ်ဝေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/yeikwei/) - ရိပ်ဝေသည် တော်လှန်ရေးနယ်မြေများအတွင်း အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး၊ လုံခြုံရေးနှင့် အသိပညာမျှဝေရေးလုပ်ငန်းများ ဆောင်ရွက်နေသည်။ - [လစ်ဇီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/lizzy/) - လစ်ဇီသည် နိုင်ငံတကာဥပဒေဘာသာရပ်ဖြင့် ဘွဲ့ရထားပြီး လူမှုရေးဥပဒေသုတေသနများကို ဆောင်ရွက်နေသူဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဓူရ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/dura/) - ဓူရသည် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း နိုင်ငံပြင်ပသို့ ထွက်ခွာခဲ့သူ လူငယ်ဖြစ်ပြီး လက်ရှိတွင် ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံ၌ ပညာသင်ယူလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [မေဦးမူတြော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mayoomutraw/) - မေဦးမူတြော်သည် ကိန်းဘရစ်ချ်တက္ကသိုလ် လော့တာပတ်ချ် အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာဥပဒေစင်တာတွင် ဧည့်သုတေသီအဖြစ် ဆောင်ရွက်ခဲ့ဖူးပြီး ယခုအခါ ကရင်အမျိုးသားအစည်းအရုံး (KNU) တွင် အကြံပေးအဖြစ် ဆောင်ရွက်လျက်ရှိသည်။ - [အယ်ဒီတာအဖွဲ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/editorialteam/) - ISP Column ကို လူငယ်တွေရဲ့ အမြင်သစ်၊ အယူအဆသစ်တွေ ဖော်ထုတ်ရာ၊ စုဝေးရာအဖြစ် ပုံဖော်ချင်တာပါ။ - [ပေါလ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/paul/) - ပေါလ်သည် လူမှုဗေဒဘာသာရပ်ကို လေ့လာနေသူ ကျောင်းသားတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး ရွှေ့ပြောင်းကလေးများအတွက် ဖွင့်လှစ်ထားသော စာသင်ကျောင်းတွင် ဂျန်ဒါ(Gender)နှင့်ပတ်သက်သည့် ဘာသာရပ်ကို သင်ကြားပေးလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ငရိန်းချမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/ngreinchan/) - ငရိန်းချမ်းသည် လူငယ်သတင်းထောက်တဦးဖြစ်ပြီး အရပ်ဘက်အဖွဲ့အစည်များ၊ သတင်းမီဒီယာများနှင့် တွဲဖက်ကာ သတင်းတုသတင်းမှားများ စိစစ်ခြင်းနှင့် သတင်းရေးသားခြင်းများကို လုပ်‌‌ဆောင်လျက်ရှိသည်။ - [အေးချမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/ayechan/) - အေးချမ်းသည် ISP-Myanmar ၏ China Studies Program က လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [နောင်ရိုး](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/naungyoe/) - နောင်ရိုးသည် CDM တပ်မတော်သားတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး လုံခြုံရေးကဏ္ဍပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးနှင့် စစ်ဘက်ဆိုင်ရာအကြောင်းအရာများကို လေ့လာလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ချေချေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/cheche/) - ချေချေသည် ဟာဝိုင်ယီတက္ကသိုလ် (မာနိုအာ) တွင် အာရှဒေသဆိုင်ရာ နိုင်ငံတကာရေးရာ ဘာသာရပ်ဖြင့် မဟာတန်းတက်ရောက်နေသော ကျောင်းသူဖြစ်သည်။ - [သူ့ထက်ကဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/thuhtetke/) - သူ့ထက်ကဲသည် ပြည်တွင်းစစ်နှင့် စစ်စီးပွားရေးအကြောင်း လေ့လာနေသူတဦးဖြစ်သည်။ - [အောင်ကျော်ဟိန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/aungkyawhein/) - အောင်ကျော်ဟိန်းသည် စိတ်ပညာ၊ လူမှုဗေဒနှင့် ဒဿနဆိုင်ရာ လေ့လာသူဖြစ်ပြီး လူ့သဘောကို အခြေခံသောစာများ ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ကျော်စိုးဟန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kyawsoehan/) - ကျော်စိုးဟန်သည် နိုင်ငံတကာအရေးလေ့လာသူ ကျောင်းသားတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး နိုင်ငံတကာရေးရာ ဆောင်းပါးများကို အခါအားလျော်စွာ ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ကိုပိုင်ဆက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kopaingsat/) - ကိုပိုင်ဆက်သည် နိုင်ငံရေးလေ့လာသူနှင့် လူ့အခွင့်အရေးကာကွယ်သူဖြစ်ပြီး ပညာပေးခြင်း၊ သုတေသနပြုခြင်းနှင့် ဆောင်းပါးရေးသားခြင်းတို့ကို လုပ်ဆောင်လျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ရတု](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/yatu/) - ရတုသည် မွန်နိုင်ငံရေးကို လေ့လာသုံးသပ်သူ လူငယ်တဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ရည်မွန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/yeemon/) - ရည်မွန်သည် ISP-Myanmar ၏ China Studies Program က လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [နိုင်ငြိမ်းလင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/naingnyeinlin/) - နိုင်ငြိမ်းလင်းသည် ထီးထမ်းလမ်းလျှောက် သာမန်အရပ်သား တဦးဖြစ်သည်။ - [ကွန်းဗလိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/konblai/) - ကွန်းဗလိုင်သည် မွန်ပြည်နယ်ဒေသခံ လူငယ်သုတေသီတဦးဖြစ်ပြီး လူမှုရေးသိပ္ပံဘာသာရပ်ကို အထူးပြုလေ့လာလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [နွေနှောင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/nwehnaung/) - နွေနှောင်းသည် အညာဒေသတွင်နေထိုင်ပြီး ပြည်သူတို့၏ လူမှုစီးပွားအခြေအနေကို လေ့လာနေသူ လူငယ်အမျိုးသမီးဖြစ်သည်။​ - [ဒေးဗစ်အောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/davidaung/) - ဒေးဗစ်အောင်သည် နိုင်ငံရေး၊ စစ်ရေး လေ့လာစောင့်ကြည့်သူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [မျက်ခြယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/myatchal/) - မျက်ခြယ်သည် သူနာပြုနှင့် သားဖွား CDM ကျောင်းသူဖြစ်ပြီး စစ်ဘေးရှောင်များ၏ ကျန်းမာရေးနှင့် စားနပ်ရိက္ခာအရေးတို့ကို ကူညီလျက်ရှိသည်။​ - [ဝေယံဖြိုးနိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/waiyanphyonaing/) - ဝေယံဖြိုးနိုင်သည် ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံရှိ မြန်မာရွှေ့ပြောင်းအလုပ်သမားများအရေးကို လေ့လာသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [မိုးစေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/moese/) - မိုးစေသည် နိုင်ငံရေးနှင့် စာပေကို စိတ်ဝင်စားသော တက်ကြွလှုပ်ရှားသူ လူငယ်တဦးဖြစ်ပြီး နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေးကာလအတွင်း ကဗျာ၊ ဆောင်းပါးနှင့် အက်ဆေးများ ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။​ - [မောင်သာထွန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mgthartun/) - မောင်သာထွန်းသည် ပြည်တွင်းပြည်ပ မီဒီယာများတွင် အတွေးအမြင်ဆောင်းပါးများ ရေးသားနေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ကောင်းထက်နိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kaunghtetnaing/) - ကောင်းထက်နိုင်သည် မြန်မာ-ရုရှား ဆက်ဆံရေးကို လေ့လာသုံးသပ်နေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [စွယ်တော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/swedaw/) - စွယ်တော်သည် စစ်တက္ကသိုလ်ဗိုလ်လောင်းသင်တန်းဆင်းအရာရှိဖြစ်ပြီး ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက် CDM လှုပ်ရှားမှုတွင် ပါဝင်ခဲ့ကာ စစ်ရေး၊ နိုင်ငံရေးဆိုင်ရာ ဆောင်းပါးများ ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [မောင်းမောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/maungmaung/) - မောင်းမောင်သည် ရခိုင်ပြည်တွင်းနေ အလွတ်တန်း‌ဆောင်းပါးရှင်တဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ငြိမ်းချမ်းမောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/nyeinchanmg/) - ငြိမ်းချမ်းမောင်သည် စစ်ရေးပဋိပက္ခနှင့် နိုင်ငံတကာဆက်ဆံရေးကို အထူးပြုလေ့လာနေသော သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [တော်ဝင်မောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/tawwinmaung/) - တော်ဝင်မောင်သည် ဆောင်းပါးများရေးသားလျက်ရှိသူ သတင်းစာဆရာတဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ကောင်းစံထက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kaungsanhtet/) - ကောင်းစံထက်သည် ISP-Myanmar ၏ China Studies Program က လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [ကျော်သစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kyawthit/) - ကျော်သစ်သည် ရခိုင်ပြည်အခြေစိုက် အလွတ်တန်းဆောင်းပါးရှင် ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဆိုင်းဗျူ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/sengbru/) - ဆိုင်းဗျူသည် နိုင်ငံရေး၊ သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်နှင့် လူမှုရေးအကြောင်းအရာများ၊ ကဗျာနှင့် ဇာတ်ညွှန်းများ ရေးသားသူဖြစ်ပြီး အမျိုးသမီးအခွင့်အ​​ရေးဆိုင်ရာ မဂ္ဂဇင်းများကိုလည်း စီစဉ်ထုတ်ဝေလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [မောင်ရာဇ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mgyarza/) - မောင်ရာဇသည် နိုင်ငံရေးသိပ္ပံဘာသာရပ်ကို အထူးပြု လေ့လာနေသော လူငယ်သုတေသီ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [သံပေါက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/thanbauk/) - သံပေါက်သည် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှုကြောင့် ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံသို့ ထွက်ပြေးတိမ်းရှောင်လာရသော လူငယ်ဖြစ်ပြီး လူမှုစီးပွားနှင့် မြင်ကွင်းအခြေခံ ဆောင်းပါးများကို အခါအားလျော်စွာ ရေးသားနေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ထွန်းနောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/tunnaung/) - ထွန်းနောင်သည် ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံ ချင်းမိုင်တက္ကသိုလ်တွင် လူမှုသိပ္ပံနှင့် ရေရှည်တည်တံ့သော ဖွံ့ဖြိုးမှုဘာသာရပ်တို့ကို သင်ယူနေသူဖြစ်သည်။ - [လရောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/layaung/) - လရောင်သည် ပညာရေးနယ်ပယ်က CDM ကျောင်းသူဖြစ်ပြီး လက်ရှိတွင် အလွတ်တန်းဆရာမအဖြစ် အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်းပြုနေသလို စေတနာ့ဝန်ထမ်းဆရာမအဖြစ်လည်း လုပ်ကိုင်လျက်ရှိသည်။​ - [ဒေါက်တာစိုင်းလတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/drsailatt/) - ဒေါက်တာစိုင်းလတ်သည် ကနေဒါနိုင်ငံ ရော့ခ်တက္ကသိုလ် အာရှလေ့လာရေးဌာနနှင့် ချင်းမိုင်တက္ကသိုလ်၏ ပြင်ပသုတေသီဖြစ်ပြီး အာဏာရှင်ဓလေ့၊ ပဋိပက္ခအမူအကျင့်နှင့် ဒေသတွင်းဆက်ဆံရေးဆက်နွှယ်မှု စသည့်အကြောင်းအရာများကို နိုင်ငံရေးစိတ်ပညာ(Political Psychology) နှင့် ဦးနှောက်အာရုံနိုင်ငံရေးဗေဒ(Neuropolitics) ရှုထောင့်ကနေ လေ့လာနေသူဖြစ်သည်။ - [လင်းထက်အောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/linn-htet-aung/) - လင်းထက်အောင်သည် ISP-Myanmar ၏ China Studies Program က လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [မေကူး](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mayku/) - မေကူးသည် လူမှုရေးသိပ္ပံဘာသာရပ်ကို လေ့လာနေသည့် ပထမနှစ်ကျောင်းသူဖြစ်သည်။​ - [သဲအိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/thaeai/) - သဲအိုင်သည် ဥပဒေအထူးပြု မဟာတန်းကျောင်းသူ ဖြစ်ပြီး CDM လှုပ်ရှားမှုတွင်လည်း ပါဝင်သူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [နော;ယေန်(Naw Yain)](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/nawyain/) - နော;ယေန်(Naw Yain) သည် နိုင်ငံရေးဆောင်းပါးများ ရေးသားနေသူ တအန်းတိုင်းရင်းသားလူငယ် ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဂေးလ်ဘတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/gilbert/) - ဂေးလ်ဘတ်သည် နိုင်ငံရေးသိပ္ပံပညာကျောင်းသားဖြစ်ပြီး ဆောင်းပါများကို မကြာခဏရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [နှင်းဝေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/hninwai/) - နှင်းဝေသည် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှုကြောင့် နေရပ်ရွှေ့ပြောင်းခဲ့ရသူ လူငယ်အမျိုးသမီးတဦး ဖြစ်သည်။ - [သက်ခိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/thetkhine/) - သက်ခိုင်သည် ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံတွင် ဘာသာဗေဒဘာသာရပ်အထူးပြု မဟာတန်းတက်ရောက်နေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဆူးငယ်ငယ်(ကရင်နီ)](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/sungenge/) - ဆူးငယ်ငယ်သည် ကရင်နီဒေသက စစ်ဘေးရှောင်အမျိုးသမီးဖြစ်သည်။ - [ကျော်ခိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kyawkhine/) - ကျော်ခိုင်သည် လွတ်လပ်စွာထုတ်ဖော်ပြောဆိုခွင့်၊​ လူ့ရပိုင်ခွင့်ဆိုင်ရာ ကိစ္စရပ်များကို သုတေသနပြုနေသော လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်ပြီး အသံအဖွဲ့တွင် လုပ်ကိုင်လျက်ရှိသည်။ - [ဇော်ဗလ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/zawbala/) - ဇော်ဗလသည် မန္တလေးအခြေစိုက်လူမှုဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးအဖွဲ့အစည်းတခု၏ တာဝန်ခံဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဖိုးသံလုံး(အုတ်ဖို)](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/phoethanlone/) - ဖိုးသံလုံး(အုတ်ဖို)သည် ပညာရေးစီမံကိန်းများ ကြီးကြပ်အကဲဖြတ်ခြင်းနှင့် မဟာဗျူဟာရေးဆွဲခြင်းတို့တွင် ပါဝင်ခဲ့သူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ထွန်းလင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/tunlin/) - ထွန်းလင်းသည် ကဗျာဆရာဖြစ်ပြီး နိုင်ငံရေးနှင့် ရသဟန်ဆောင်းပါးများလည်း ရေးသားနေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [မောရဇော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mawrazaw/) - မောရဇော်သည် ပြည်တွင်းတွင် နေထိုင်လျက်ရှိသည့် အလွတ်တန်းသတင်းစာဆရာဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဒေါက်တာဝင်းမော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/drwinmaw/) - ဒေါက်တာဝင်းမော်သည် ပြည်သူ့ကျန်းမာရေးဆိုင်ရာ ကိစ္စရပ်များတွင် ကျွမ်းကျင်သော CDM ကျန်းမာရေးဝန်ထမ်း ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ချမ်းကိုဝင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/chankowin/) - ချမ်းကိုဝင်းသည် အရှေ့တိုင်းဒဿန (အထူးသဖြင့် ဗုဒ္ဓဒဿန)ကို အထူးပြုလေ့လာနေသော ကျောင်းသား ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ကောင်းစည်သာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kaungsithar/) - ကောင်းစည်သာသည် ပြည်တွင်းက ဝါရင့်အယ်ဒီတာဟောင်း ဖြစ်သည်။ - [အဲမောင်းယာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/aemaungya/) - အဲမောင်းယာသည် ကောင်းမွန်သောပညာရေးစနစ်ကသာ တိုင်းပြည်နှင့် လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်းကို ပြန်လည်တည်ဆောက်နိုင်မည်ဟု အစဉ်တစိုက်ယုံကြည်သူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [မိုးဇက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/mozes/) - မိုးဇက်သည် ဆောင်းပါးများကို အခါအားလျော်စွာ ရေးသားနေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [နွေဦးနိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/nwayoonaing/) - နွေဦးနိုင်သည် နိုင်ငံရေးအကျဉ်းသားဟောင်း ဖြစ်သည်။ - [စံအောင်ကျော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/sanaungkyaw/) - စံအောင်ကျော်သည် ဆောင်းပါးများကို အခါအားလျော်စွာ ရေးသားနေသူ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ဒေါက်တာလွမ်းဝေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/drlwanwai/) - ဒေါက်တာလွမ်းဝေသည် CDM ဆရာဝန်ဖြစ်ပြီး ပြည်သူ့ကျန်းမာရေးဆိုင်ရာလှုပ်ရှားမှုများတွင် ပါဝင်လျက်ရှိသည်။​ - [အုန်းညို](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/ohnnyo/) - အုန်းညိုသည် ရန်ကုန်တက္ကသိုလ်ကျောင်းသားဟောင်း ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ကိုဆေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/kose/) - ကိုဆေးသည် ကဗျာဆရာနှင့် အလွတ်တမ်းသတင်းစာဆရာဖြစ်ပြီး လွတ်မြောက်နယ်မြေတနေရာတွင် နေထိုင်လျက်ရှိသည်။ - [အာကျန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/rkyan/) - အာကျန်သည် လူငယ်သတင်းစာဆရာဖြစ်ပြီး UAE နိုင်ငံတွင် မီဒီယာနှင့် စိတ်ပညာဘာသာရပ်များကို သင်ယူလေ့လာလျက်ရှိသည်။​ - [နိုင်မင်းခန့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/naing-min-khant/) - နိုင်မင်းခန့်သည် ISP-Myanmar ၏ Conflict, Peace and Security Program က လူငယ်သုတေသီဖြစ်သည်။ - [အေမီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/amy/) - အေမီသည် နိုင်ငံတကာဆက်ဆံရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးဘာသာရပ်ကို အထူးပြုသင်ယူနေသော နောက်ဆုံးနှစ်ကျောင်းသူဖြစ်ပြီး လူမှုသိပ္ပံဘာသာရပ်နှင့်နှီးနွှယ်သည့် ဆောင်းပါးများကို ရေးသားလျက်ရှိသည်။ - [အဂ္ဂ](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/agga/) - အဂ္ဂသည် မြန်မာ့နိုင်ငံရေးနှင့် စစ်ရေး လေ့လာသုံးသပ်သူဖြစ်သည်။ - [ISP-Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/contributors/isp-admin/) - Established in 2016, the Institute for Strategy and Policy (ISP) – Myanmar is an independent, non-partisan, and non-governmental think tank. ISP-Myanmar promotes democratic leadership and public participation in public affairs to encourage a resilient and tolerant society. Its goals are the advancement of democracy, the building of a federal union, and the strengthening of civil society in Myanmar. ## Events - [How to Navigate Myanmar’s Energy and Fuel Crisis?](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/how-to-navigate-myanmars-energy-and-fuel-crisis/) - The ongoing fuel crisis is falling disproportionately on grassroots communities and the working class. The wider implications are considerable. Economic growth could slow further, poverty could deepen, and the risks of outright economic collapse or prolonged structural decline cannot be ruled out. - [The Impact of the Conflict Economy: The Fragmented Land of Karen State](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/impact-of-conflict-economy-on-karen-state-the-fragmented-land-of-the-frog-drum/) - Now, eight decades after the revolution began, it appears they are destroying their own identity and characteristics due to the conflict economy. - [The Narcotics Domestication: Myanmar’s Next Generation at Risk](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/the-narcotics-domestication-myanmars-next-generation-at-risk/) - ISP-Myanmar’s records indicate the authorities seized only around three tons of opium and related products that year—an official seizure rate of roughly 0.3 percent of estimated production. - [The Impact of the Conflict Economy: The Scars of Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/the-impact-of-the-conflict-economy-the-scars-of-northern-shan/) - When people face such dire situations, they initially voice their dissatisfaction and protest ("Voice"). When that fails to bring change, they simply abandon the region and leave ("Exit"). If they cannot leave, they are forced to silently endure and adapt to the system ("Loyalty"). Like vegetables thrown into a jar of pickles, they turn sour alongside everything else—doing whatever it takes, chasing the money, and simply surviving. - [Myanmar's Rare Earths: Cries Behind Critical Minerals](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/myanmars-rare-earths-cries-behind-critical-minerals/) - Event No. 8 of 30 Minutes with the ISP took place on April 26, 2025, focusing on China’s role in Myanmar’s rare earth mining and highlighting the hardships and hopes of communities in Kachin State. - [Armed Struggle - Will It Lead to Political Resolution?](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/armed-struggle-will-it-lead-to-political-resolution/) - Event No. 9, held on August 16, 2025, asked a pressing question: have battlefield victories been turned into institutionalized political gains—and why does it matter? Stay tuned: the recap memo and a subtitled video will be available soon. - [The Spirit is Willing, but the Flesh is Weak](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/the-spirit-is-willing-but-the-flesh-is-weak/) - In this episode of 30 Minutes with the ISP, we presented and discussed, from a research perspective and based on our survey data, the public's resilience amid domestic trade route blockades. - [Scam Cancer in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/where-chaos-nests-deceit-weaves-its-web/) - The Event No.7 of 30 Minutes with the ISP took place on February 22, 2025. ISP-Myanmar’s youth researchers presented this session with insightful discussions on the Kyar Phyant (online scam) operations along Myanmar’s border. - [2024's Deepest Wounds Found in Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/2024s-deepest-wounds-found-in-women/) - The sixth episode of "30 Minutes with the ISP," titled "2024's Deepest Wounds Found in Women," was organized on December 21, 2024. This episode explored the intricate difficulties women faced following the coup, their resilience in confronting these issues, and the necessity for a supportive community or network. For further insights, watch the full video. - [Sanctions with Chinese Characteristics: The Case of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/sanctions-with-chinese-characteristics-the-case-of-myanmar/) - Event No. 5 of the "30 Minutes with ISP" series was held on November 9, 2024, exploring "Sanctions with Chinese Characteristics: The Case of Myanmar." - [Making Data Speak: Capturing Conflicts and Human Security Aegnda in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/making-data-speak-capturing-conflicts-and-human-security-aegnda-in-myanmar/) - Event No. 4 showcased ISP’s research methodology and approach to selecting research areas. The episode, which aired on Saturday, October 5, 2024, gave viewers an inside look at ISP's daily operations and the complexities of data representation. Watch the video to learn more about the discussion. - [Breathless in Adversity: The Strangling Effects of Conscription Law on Socioeconomic Hardship](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/breathless-in-adversity-the-strangling-effects-of-conscription-law-on-socioeconomic-hardship/) - Event No. 3 of "30 Minutes with the ISP" reported the findings from the ISP Research Network, spotlighting the worsened socioeconomic challenges faced by the people of Myanmar in their everyday lives following the junta's conscription law. This discussion aims to emphasize the urgency of addressing Myanmar's socioeconomic crisis on the policy agenda. - [Myanmar's Key Stakeholders and their Perception of Sino-Myanmar Relations](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/events/ev-01/#new_tab) - A talk show “Myanmar's Key Stakeholders and their Perception of Sino-Myanmar Relations” which is a round table discussion on key factors shaping Sino-Myanmar relations organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar was held on 29 October, 2022. - [Introduction to Sino-Myanmar Relations: Survey 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/30-minutes-with-the-isp-china-survey-2023/) - This event was held on April 6, 2024, exclusively for ISP Gabyin Community members. This English translation of the event's recap memo was published on May 17, 2024. DVB broadcasts the recorded video with English subtitle of the live event on its channel regularly on Mondays and Wednesdays. - [Naypyitawlogy - Three Words Characterizing Naypyitaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/30-minutes-with-the-isp-naypyitawlogy/) - Event No. 2 of "30 Minutes with the ISP" focused on three words characterizing Naypyitaw: "hollowed-out," "corrosion," and "stormy." The discussion began with an exploration of Naypyitaw's throne superstructures-encompassing the state, regime, institutions, and leadership-which have become hollowed-out following the coup. - [Who does Civil Society Represent and Why Should We Care? (MMRQS 1)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/who-does-civil-society-represent-and-why-should-we-care-mmrqs-1/) - A talk show “ Who does Civil Society Represent and Why Should We Care? ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar. - [Myanmar 2050 (YMG Season 1 Episode 1)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/myanmar-2050-ymg-season-1-episode-1/) - A talk show “Myanmar 2050” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotal Hotel, Yangon on July 8. - [Sleep-walker or Strategic Entrepreneur : Leadership in Times of Crisis (YMG Season 1 Episode 2)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/sleep-walker-or-strategic-entrepreneur-leadership-in-times-of-crisis-ymg-season-1-episode-2/) - A talk show “Sleep-walker or Strategic Entrepreneur : Leadership in Times of Crisis ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotal Hotel, Yangon on August 18. - [A federal Democratic Union: Vision and Negotiated Possibilities (MMRQS 2)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/a-federal-democratic-union-vision-and-negotiated-possibilities-mmrqs-2/) - A talk show “ A federal Democratic Union: Vision and Negotiated Possibilities ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar. - [Poverty In Society (YMG Season 1 Episode 3)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/poverty-in-society-ymg-season-1-episode-3/) - A talk show “Poverty in Society” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotal Hotel, Yangon on September 16. - [Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): How can Myanmar maximize its national interests? (YMG Season 1 Episode 4)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/belt-and-road-initiative-bri-how-can-myanmar-maximize-its-national-interests-ymg-season-1-episode-4/) - A talk show “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): How can Myanmar maximize its national interests?” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Hilton Hotel, Mandalay on November 18. - [Myanmar Model of Democratic Transition (MMRQS 3)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/myanmar-model-of-democratic-transition-mmrqs-3/) - A talk show “ Myanmar Model of Democratic Transition ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar. - [Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Myanmar (YMG Season 1 Episode 5)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/industrial-revolution-4-0-and-myanmar-ymg-season-1-episode-5/) - A talk show “Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Myanmar” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on January 20. - [Constitutional Departure: Perspectives From The Society (YMG Season 1 Episode 6)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/constitutional-departure-perspectives-from-the-society-ymg-season-1-episode-6/) - A talk show “Constitutional Departure: Perspectives From The Society” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on 2019 March 24. - [Climate Action: More Urgent than Ever (YMG Season 1 Episode 7)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/climate-action-more-urgent-than-ever-ymg-season-1-episode-7/) - A talk show “ Climate Action: More Urgent than Ever ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on 2019 June 22. - [ADVANCING SOCIAL JUSTICE IN MYANMAR: Seeking Its Philosophical Roots and Policy Options for a Divided Society (MMRQS 4)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/advancing-social-justice-in-myanmar-seeking-its-philosophical-roots-and-policy-options-for-a-divided-society-mmrqs-4/) - A talk show “ ADVANCING SOCIAL JUSTICE IN MYANMAR: Seeking Its Philosophical Roots and Policy Options for a Divided Society ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy - Myanmar. - [Lessons from Yaw Min Gyi's Zayat: Is Myanmar Prepared to Meet Future Challenges? (YMG Season 1 Episode 8)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/lessons-from-yaw-min-gyis-zayat-is-myanmar-prepared-to-meet-future-challenges-ymg-season-1-episode-8/) - A talk show “ Lessons from Yaw Min Gyi's Zayat: Is Myanmar Prepared to Meet Future Challenges? ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Novotel Hotel, Yangon on 2019 October 19. - [Going Local (YMG Season 2 Episode 1)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/going-local-ymg-season-2-episode-1/) - A talk show “ Going Local ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Rosewood Hotel, Yangon on 2020 March 1. - [Finding Myanmar's Foreign Policy Space: In The Context Of Covid-19 Pandemic And Geopolitical New Normal](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/finding-myanmars-foreign-policy-space-in-the-context-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-geopolitical-new-normal-mmrqs-5/) - A talk show “ Finding Myanmar's Foreign Policy Space: In The Context Of Covid-19 Pandemic And Geopolitical New Normal ” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar. - [Party Mergers: Falling Short of Expectation (YMG Season 2 Episode 2)](https://ispmyanmar.com/event/party-mergers-falling-short-of-expectation-ymg-season-2-episode-2/) - A talk show “Party Mergers: Falling Short of Expectation” which is a round table discussion on the future of Myanmar organized by Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar, participated by the experts and professionals was held at Yangon on 2020 December. ## ISP Columns - [ကံနှင့်ဉာဏ်ကို ယှဉ်ကာ ရင်ဆိုင်ရမည့် ဥတုဘေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260708_ispc158/) - ဒီနှစ်ကတော့ တောင်သူဦးကြီးတွေ ရင်တုန်ပန်းတုန်နဲ့ စွန့်စားအလုပ်လုပ်ကြရတော့မယ့်နှစ် ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ... ဒီနှစ်က ဝါထပ်တဲ့နှစ်။ လူကြီးသူမတွေ အစဉ်အဆက် ပြောလေ့ရှိတဲ့ “ဝါထပ်ရင် ရေကြီးတတ်တယ်၊ မိုးသက်မုန်တိုင်း ထန်တတ်တယ်” ဆိုတဲ့ နိမိတ်စကားက နားထဲမှာ တဝဲလည်လည်နဲ့ ခြောက်လှန့်နေပါတယ်။ - [ကြားလူကိုရန်ဘက်ပြု၍ လူမှုအရင်းအနှီး ဆုံးရှုံးရခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260706_ispc157/) - မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရဲ့ အနာဂတ်ဟာ ကိုယ့်ဘက်မှာ ရှိနေတဲ့သူတွေအပေါ်မှာသာ မူတည်နေတယ်ဆိုတာ ရာခိုင်နှုန်းပြည့် မမှန်နိုင်ပါဘူး။ ကြားမှာ ရပ်နေသူတွေ၊ စောင့်ကြည့်နေသူတွေနဲ့ အမှန်တရားဘက်မှာ ရပ်တည်ဖို့ မသေချာသေးသူတွေကို ဘယ်လိုပုံစံနဲ့ ဆက်ဆံနေသလဲဆိုတဲ့ အချက်အပေါ်မှာလည်း မူတည်နေမှာပါ။ - [သက်ငယ်မုဒိမ်းနှင့် လွတ်မြောက်နယ်မြေက ဥပဒေကွက်လပ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260703_ispc156/) - အာဏာရှင်ကို တော်လှန်နေတဲ့ကာလမှာ တရားဥပဒေစိုးမိုးမှု လျော့ရဲနေတဲ့ ခေတ်ဆိုးကြီးကို အသုံးချပြီး ကလေးငယ်တွေအပေါ် လိင်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အမြတ်ထုတ်ဖို့ကြိုးစားနေတာတွေကို လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်းတွေက မျက်ကွယ်မပြုထားသင့်သလို တော်လှန်ရေးအစိုးရဆိုတဲ့ အာဏာပိုင်တွေကလည်း တာဝန်ယူမှုရှိရှိ ကိုင်တွယ်ဖြေရှင်းနိုင်ဖို့လိုပါတယ်။ - [ပြည်သူ မကြည်ဖြူသော အခွန်ဖြစ်နေပါလျှင်...](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260630_ispc155/) - စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းအတွင်းမှာ Starlink ဝိုင်ဖိုင်စက်တွေကို အခွန်ကောက်ဖို့ မြို့နယ် ပအဖ တွေက လုပ်ဆောင်နေပါတယ်။ ဘယ်ကဏ္ဍကနေမဆို အခွန်ကောက်မယ်ဆိုရင် ဒီအခွန်ငွေတွေကို အခွန်ဆောင်ရတဲ့ ပြည်သူတွေအတွက် ဘယ်လိုပုံစံ ပြန်လည်သုံးစွဲမယ်ဆိုတာကို ပွင့်လင်းမြင်သာမှုရှိရှိ ချပြသင့်တယ်လို့ မြင်ပါတယ်။ ဒါမှသာ အခွန်ဆောင်ရမယ့် ပြည်သူတွေကလည်း ကြည်ဖြူမှာဖြစ်ပြီး ပြည်သူကြည်ဖြူမှလည်း တော်လှန်ရေးခရီးက ရေရှည်ရှေ့ဆက်နိုင်မှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ - [ငါးနှစ်တာ ဒဏ်ရာများကြားက ကမ္ဘာ့ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိန်းသိမ်းရေးနေ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260626_ispc154/) - ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိန်းသိမ်းရေးဟာ သစ်ပင်စိုက်ရုံ၊ ပလတ်စတစ်ကောက်ရုံတင် မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ နိုင်ငံရေးစနစ်၊ စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်မှုစနစ် မကောင်းရင် သစ်ပင်စိုက်၊ အမှိုက်ကောက်တာက ပလိုင်းပေါက်နဲ့ ဖားကောက်သလိုပဲ ဖြစ်မှာပါ။ ဘယ်လောက်ပဲ သယံဇာတ ပေါကြွယ်ဝပါစေ ‘သယံဇာတကျိန်စာ’၊ ‘သယံဇာတကပ်ဘေး’ ကြုံရတာများပါတယ်။ - [ကျားဖြန့်လက်ခုပ်ထဲက သူဌေးလောင်းများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260622_ispc153/) - လောင်းကစားဆိုတာ သဘာဝအရ အနိုင်အရှုံး ရှိတတ်စမြဲ ဆိုပေမဲ့ စလော့ဂိမ်းတွေမှာတော့ အဲဒီလို မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ ဘာဖြစ်လို့လဲဆိုတော့ ဒီဂိမ်းတွေကို တဖက်လူ (တချို့အခေါ် ကျားဖြန့်) တွေက ထိန်းချုပ်ထားပြီး သူတို့ လိုသလို လုပ်နိုင်လို့ပါပဲ။ …ဒီဂိမ်းတွေဟာ သာမန် application တွေလို မဟုတ်ဘဲ ဆော့ကစားသူရဲ့ ဖုန်းထဲက ကိုယ်ရေးအချက်အလက်တွေကိုပါ ရယူသုံးစွဲနိုင်ပါတယ်။ - [ရှမ်းမြောက်ချိန်ခွင်လျှာနှင့် နေပြည်တော်ခြေလှမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260619_ispc152/) - ဦးမင်းအောင်လှိုင် ကမကထလုပ်မယ့် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးဖြစ်စဉ်ထဲ TNLA နဲ့ MNDAA တို့ ပါဝင်စီးမျောမှာလားဆိုတာဟာ ဦးမင်းအောင်လှိုင်က ဒီတပ်ဖွဲ့တွေရဲ့ နယ်မြေနဲ့ အာဏာစက်ကို ဘယ်လောက်အတိုင်းအတာအထိ တရားဝင်အသိအမှတ်ပြုနိုင်လဲ ဆိုတဲ့အပေါ်မှာ အဓိကမှီတည်နေသလို ဖြစ်နေပါပြီ။ - [နယ်စပ်ဒေသပြည်သူများကြားက အိန္ဒိယ-မြန်မာ ဆက်ဆံရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260410_ispc130/) - မြန်မာဘက်ခြမ်းက အကြမ်းဖက်မှုတွေကြောင့် ထွက်ပြေးလာကြတဲ့ ချင်းလူမျိုးတွေနဲ့ အိန္ဒိယဘက်ခြမ်းကနေ လက်ခံကြိုဆိုပေးကြတဲ့ မီဇိုမိသားစုတွေအတွက်တော့ အိန္ဒိယ-မြန်မာ ဆက်ဆံရေးဆိုတာ နယူးဒေလီအစိုးရရဲ့ ချဉ်းကပ်မှုသက်သက်နဲ့ အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုလို့ မရတော့ပါဘူး။ နှစ်ကာလရှည်ကြာ တည်ရှိခဲ့တဲ့ နယ်စပ်ဖြတ်ကျော် ဆွေမျိုးရင်းချာ ဆက်ဆံရေးတွေက အိန္ဒိယ-မြန်မာ ဆက်ဆံရေးကို သက်ရောက်မှု ရှိလာနေပါတယ်။ - [မသေရုံတမယ် ရှင်သန်နေရသော ဘဝများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260612_ispc151/) - အရင်ကတော့ "အတတ်နိုင်ဆုံး အသက်ရှင်ပါ" ဆိုတဲ့စကားဟာ ခန္ဓာကိုယ် တည်ဆောက်ပုံ ပုံမှန်ရှိသူ၊ စိတ်အခြေအနေ ပုံမှန်ရှိနေသူတွေအတွက် သိပ်ပြီး မလိုအပ်ခဲ့ပါဘူး။ အခုတော့ "အတတ်နိုင်ဆုံး အသက်ရှင်ပါ" ဆိုတဲ့စကားဟာ မြန်မာပြည်သူတရပ်လုံးအတွက် လိုအပ်နေတဲ့ အားပေးစကားလေးတခွန်း ဖြစ်လာခဲ့ပါတယ်။ - [ဒဏ်သင့်ရဦးမည့် အညာမြေ - အယ်လ်နီညိုက ရောက်လာပြီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260610_ispc150/) - မိုးရေကို အားပြုနေရတဲ့ အညာတောင်သူတွေဟာ အယ်လ်နီညိုဖြစ်စဉ်ကြောင့် မိုးခေါင်မယ့်အန္တရာယ်နဲ့ ရင်ဆိုင်ရဖို့ ရှိနေပါတယ်။ စစ်တပ်ရဲ့ နယ်မြေစိုးမိုးရေး လုပ်ဆောင်မှုတွေနဲ့ တော်လှန်ရေးတပ်တွေရဲ့ ခုခံမှုတွေ အရှိန်မြင့်နေချိန်မှာ အဖွဲ့အစည်း တဖက်ဖက်ဆီကနေ အယ်လ်နီညိုအတွက် ကာကွယ်မှု၊ ပြင်ဆင်မှုနဲ့ ကုစားမှု တစုံတရာ လုပ်ပေးနိုင်ပါ့မလားဆိုတာက မေးခွန်းထုတ်စရာ ဖြစ်နေပါတယ်။ - [နယူးဒေလီသွားတောလား - မြန်မာ့အရေး အိန္ဒိယအစိုးရ၏ ချဉ်းကပ်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260609_ispc149/) - "သမိုင်းကို ပြန်ကြည့်ရရင် ဆက်ဆံရေးဖြတ်လိုက်တာက ဆက်ဆံရေးရှိနေတာထက် ပိုကောင်းတဲ့ ရလဒ်တွေ မပေးနိုင်ဘူးဆိုတာ တွေ့ရမှာပါ။ ... ဆက်ဆံရေး ဖြတ်လိုက်မယ်ဆိုရင် လေဟာနယ်တခုလို ဖြစ်သွားပြီး တခြားသူတွေ ဝင်နေရာယူလာပါလိမ့်မယ်။ ... အဲဒီ တခြားသူတွေဆိုတာကလည်း ဒီမိုကရေစီအရေးကို စိတ်ဝင်စားတဲ့သူတွေ မဟုတ်ပါဘူး" လို့လည်း အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံခြားရေးအတွင်းဝန်က ပြောဆိုခဲ့ပါတယ်။ - [အတားအဆီးများကြားက ရွှေ့ပြောင်းလုပ်သားတို့၏ အိမ်ပြန်ခရီး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260605_ispc148/) - စစ်အုပ်စုကို မကြိုက်ပေမဲ့လည်း ကိုယ့်မိသားစုဆီ ပြန်နိုင်ဖို့ အခွန်ပေးရမယ်ဆိုရင်လည်း ပေးရမှာပေါ့။ မိသားစုနဲ့အကြာကြီးခွဲနေရပြီးတော့မှ ခဏတွေ့ရမှာလေ တန်ပါတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ အခွန်ပေးရတာနဲ့တန်အောင် စိတ်ချမ်းသာမှုတော့ ရချင်တယ်။ ကျနော်တို့၊ ကျမတို့ သူများနိုင်ငံမှာ အခက်အခဲဖြစ်ရင် ကိုယ့်နိုင်ငံသံရုံးက ရှေ့ကနေ မားမားမတ်မတ်ရပ်ပြီး ကူညီတာမျိုး လိုချင်တယ်။ - [မှတ်ပင်အောက်တွင် ပြန်ဆုံမည်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260521_ispc143/) - တကယ်လို့ ဒီစပ်ကြားထဲ ကျနော်ရောက်မလာခင် အမေသာ တခုခု ဖြစ်ခဲ့ရင်လည်း ငယ်ငယ်က ပေးခဲ့တဲ့ ကတိအတိုင်း မှတ်ပင်အောက်ကို အရောက်သွားပြီး စောင့်ပေးပါ အမေ။ ကျနော်သာ အမေ့ထက်စောပြီး လောကကြီးက ထွက်ခွာခဲ့ရရင်လည်း အမေ့နည်းလမ်းအတိုင်း နားပိတ်၊ မျက်စိမှိတ်ပြီး မေ့ပင်ကို ကျော်ဖြတ်ပါ့မယ်။ မှတ်ပင်အောက်က စောင့်ပါ့မယ်။ - [စတေးခံလိုက်ရသော လုပ်အားများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260525_ispc144/) - ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ် စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းကာလအလွန်မှာတော့ တော်လှန်ရေးအတွက် ဆိုပြီး ကျန်းမာရေး၊ လူမှုရေး၊ စီးပွားရေးနဲ့ နိုင်ငံရေးစတဲ့နယ်ပယ်စုံမှာ အဖွဲ့ပေါင်းများစွာ တအုန်းအုန်းပေါ်လာသလို အဲဒီအဖွဲ့တွေမှာ အလုပ်လုပ်တဲ့ လူငယ်တွေ၊ CDM တွေနဲ့ တော်လှန်ရေးနိုင်လိုစိတ်တခုတည်းပဲ ကြည့်တဲ့ အသိပညာရှင်၊ အတတ်ပညာရှင်တွေဟာလည်း ‘တော်လှန်ရေးအလုပ်’ ဆိုတဲ့ ခေါင်းစဉ်အောက်မှာ ခေါင်းပုံဖြတ်ခံနေရတုန်းပါပဲ။ - [စစ်အာဏာရှင်များ၏ သမိုင်းလိမ်ဗျူဟာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260527_ispc145/) - အာဏာရှင်တွေရဲ့ ဗျူဟာက ရေရှည်ပစ်မှတ် (long-term target) ကို သွားတာပါ။ သူတို့ရဲ့ပစ်မှတ်က ဝေဖန်ပိုင်းခြားနိုင်စွမ်းမရှိတဲ့သူတွေနဲ့ နောက်လာမယ့် မျိုးဆက်သစ်တွေပါ။ မြန်မာ့သမိုင်းမှာ အမှားကြာရင် အမှန်ဖြစ်သွားတတ်တဲ့ သာဓကတွေ အများကြီး ရှိခဲ့ဖူးပါတယ်။ - [အာရက္ခမြေမှ စစ်မှုထမ်းသောက](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260529_ispc146/) - ရခိုင်လူထုဟာ အာရက္ခတပ်တော်က ပြဋ္ဌာန်းတဲ့ စစ်မှုထမ်းခေါ်ယူမှု (NDEP)ကို အရင်းခံစိတ်အရ လက်ခံကြပေမဲ့ ကျင့်သုံးတဲ့စနစ်ကြောင့် မလိုလားတာတွေ ရှိလာခဲ့တာလို့ ကြားသိရပါတယ်။... ရခိုင်လူထုအကြားမှာတောင် စိုးရိမ်စိတ်ရှိတဲ့ စစ်မှုထမ်းစုဆောင်းရေးဟာ အခြားလူ့အသိုက်အဝန်းတွေကိုပါ သက်ရောက်မှု ရှိလာတဲ့အခါမှာတော့ တင်းမာမှုတွေ ပိုကျယ်ပြန့်လာခဲ့ပါတယ်။ - [စီဒီအမ်မျဉ်းပြိုင်နှင့် လပ်နေသော စာသင်ခုံများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260603_ispc147/) - ကြားကာလပညာရေးစနစ်က ခိုင်မာတဲ့အနာဂတ်နဲ့ ဘေးကင်းတဲ့စာသင်ခန်းကို ထိထိရောက်ရောက် မပေးနိုင်သေးချိန်မှာ အမိန့်အာဏာသုံးပြီး စာသင်ခန်းတွေကို ပိတ်ဆို့နေမယ်ဆိုရင် ရေရှည်မှာ ကလေးတွေရဲ့အနာဂတ် အမှောင်အတိ ဖုံးသွားမှာ သတိပြုစရာပါ။ စစ်တပ်ရဲ့ ထိုးစစ်တွေကို ဆန့်ကျင်ထောက်ပြသလိုပဲ တော်လှန်ရေးဘက်ကလည်း အာဏာရှင်ဆန်တဲ့ နည်းလမ်းမျိုးတွေ သုံးပြီး ကလေးတွေရဲ့ အနာဂတ်ကို ထပ်လောင်းပိတ်ဆို့တာမျိုး မလုပ်သင့်ပါဘူး။ - [လူငယ်၊ ပေါ်တာ၊ လောင်စာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260407_ispc127/) - လူငယ်တွေကို လိုအပ်တိုင်း ထုတ်သုံးလို့ရမယ့် စစ်သားအဖြစ်ပဲ မြင်နေမယ်ဆိုရင် အောင်ပွဲရတဲ့အခါ တိုင်းပြည်တည်ဆောက်ရေးမှာ ထိထိရောက်ရောက် ပါဝင်နိုင်မယ့်လူ ရှားပါးသွားပြီး နွမ်းပါးစုတ်ဖွာနေတဲ့ မြေပုံအပျက်တခုကိုသာ ပိုင်ဆိုင်ရပါလိမ့်မယ်။ - [ဟိုးရှေးရှေးတုန်းက မဟုတ်တဲ့ ပုံပြင်သုံးပုဒ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260410_ispc131/) - စစ်တပ်က ငြိမ်မနေပါဘူး။ နိုင်ငံတကာနဲ့ ပြန်ဆက်ဆံလာတယ်။ နယ်မြေတချို့ ပြန်ယူတယ်။ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲလုပ်တယ်။ တရုတ်ရဲ့ ဩဇာက ပိုထက်လာပြီး အနောက်အုပ်စုက အားလျော့သွားသလို စစ်ဆင်ရေး ၁၀၂၇ နောက်ပိုင်း တိုက်ပွဲအရှိန်ကလည်း ကျလာပါတယ်။ ဒီအချက်တွေကို ကြည့်ရင် မနီးမဝေးကာလမှာ စစ်ရေးနဲ့ အမြစ်လှန်ဖို့ဆိုတာ ဖြစ်နိုင်ခြေ နည်းသွားတာကို တွေ့ရမှာပါ။ - [NLD ၏ နိုင်ငံရေးအလေ့အထများနှင့် NUG အပေါ် သက်ရောက်မှုများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260327_ispc126/) - NLD ရဲ့ နိုင်ငံရေးစိတ်ကူးစိတ်သန်းက ဗဟိုချုပ်ကိုင်မှုရှိတဲ့၊ တစုတစည်းတည်းဖြစ်တဲ့၊ အပေါ်ကနေအောက်ကို ထိန်းကျောင်းတဲ့ ပြည်ထောင်စုပုံစံမျိုးမှာပဲ အသားကျနေခဲ့တာပါ။ ဖက်ဒရယ်ကို လုံးလုံးလျားလျားပယ်ချတာမျိုး မဟုတ်ပေမဲ့ ဒီမိုကရေစီစနစ် ဖြစ်တည်ပြီးမှပဲ စဉ်းစားမယ်ဆိုပြီး နောက်ဆုတ်ထားလေ့ရှိပါတယ်... ဒီအမူအကျင့်တွေက NUG ရဲ့ လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်တွေအပေါ် ဘယ်လို သက်ရောက်ထိန်းကျောင်း ပုံဖော်နေသလဲဆိုတာကို လေ့လာဆန်းစစ်ဖို့ လိုအပ်ပါတယ်။ - [ရန်ကုန်အိပ်မက်ကို စွန့်ခွာသွားကြသူများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260309_ispc121/) - ရန်ကုန်အိပ်မက်အတွက် ပြန်ပြင်လို့မရနိုင်လောက်အောင် အဆိုးရွားဆုံး ပျက်စီးဆုံးရှုံးမှုကတော့ အိပ်မက်မက်သူတွေ ကိုယ်တိုင် ပျောက်ဆုံးသွားခြင်းပါပဲ။ ၂၀၂၄ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလမှာ အသက်သွင်းလိုက်တဲ့ ပြည်သူ့စစ်မှုထမ်းဥပဒေဟာ လူငယ်တွေရဲ့ အနာဂတ်တံခါးဝကို သံမှိုရိုက်ပြီး အသေပိတ်လိုက်သလို ဖြစ်သွားခဲ့တယ်။ - [ISP Column သို့ စာမူပေးပို့မှု လမ်းညွှန်နှင့် မူဝါဒများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-policy/) - အများပြည်သူအကြား အချေအတင် ဆွေးနွေးစရာ ဖြစ်အောင် တင်ပြနိုင်မှု၊ အတွေးသစ်၊ အယူအဆသစ်တွေ ဖော်ထုတ်ဆွေးနွေးနိုင်မှု၊ အတွေးသစ်၊ အယူအဆသစ်တွေဖြစ်စေဖို့ နှိုးဆွနိုင်မှု ဆိုတဲ့ အချက်သုံးချက်ထဲက တခုခုနဲ့ လျော်ညီတယ်ဆိုရင် စာမူကို ရွေးချယ်ဖော်ပြသွားပါမယ်။ - [မူဝါဒတခြား လူထုတခြား - နေပြည်တော်နှင့် ဝေးခဲ့ပြီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260518_ispc142/) - ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးအစီအမံတွေနဲ့ တခြားမူဝါဒတွေဆိုတာ ဘယ်လောက်ပဲ နည်းနာအရ ပြည့်စုံပါစေ၊ အုပ်ချုပ်သူနဲ့ လူထုအကြား အချိတ်အဆက် မရှိ၊ လက်ခံယုံကြည်မှု မရှိရင် အလကားပဲလို့ မြင်လာပါတယ်။ တတိုင်းပြည်လုံးရဲ့တိမ်းညွတ်မှု (national mood) က ဘယ်လို ရှိနေသလဲ ဆိုတာကလည်း အရေးကြီးတယ်လို့ မြင်ပါတယ်။​ - [မည်သို့ချည်မှ မြဲမည်နည်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260515_ispc141/) - ပြည်မအတိုက်အခံတွေအနေနဲ့ နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေးမှာ တိုင်းရင်းသားလက်နက်ကိုင်တပ်တွေရဲ့ ပါဝင်မှုအတိမ်အနက်ကို အမှန်၊ အမှား၊ တရားမျှတမှုနဲ့ ကိုယ်ကျင့်ရှုထောင့်တွေထက် အကျိုးစီးပွားချင်း ဘယ်လောက် တွဲချည်ထားနိုင်မလဲဆိုတာအပေါ် မူတည်ပြီး မှန်းဆသင့်တယ်လို့ ဆိုချင်ပါတယ်။ - [သယံဇာတ မြေစာပုံထက်က အသံမဲ့ ဒဏ်ရာများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260513_ispc140/) - နိုင်ငံကြီးတွေမှာ လေထုသန့်စင်သွားဖို့၊ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် စိမ်းလန်းဖို့အတွက် ကျနော်တို့ဆီမှာ မြေတွေ ပြို၊ တောင်တွေ ပြောင်၊ မြစ်တွေ ခန်းပြီး လူတွေ အဆိပ်သင့်နေရတာဟာ သိပ်ကို ရင်နာစရာကောင်းတယ်။ - [မြန်မာစစ်အာဏာရှင်တို့၏ အလုပ်ဖြစ်နေဆဲ အကွက်ဟောင်းများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260511_ispc139/) - နိုင်ငံရေးဦးဆောင်သူတွေ အပါအဝင် လူအများစု သတိမပြုမိတဲ့၊ ကျယ်ကျယ်လောင်လောင် မပြောကြတဲ့ ဖြစ်ရပ်တခု ရှိနေပါတယ်။ အဲဒါကတော့ ထိပ်တန်းစစ်ဘက်ဆိုင်ရာ ရာထူးအပြောင်းအလဲတွေ၊ လွှတ်တော်နဲ့ သမ္မတရွေးချယ်မှုတွေကို စိတ်ဝင်စားနေခဲ့ကြချိန်မှာ အာဏာရှင်က အရေးပါတဲ့ ဥပဒေပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ ပြဋ္ဌာန်းမှုတွေ၊ ပြင်ဆင်မှုတွေ လုပ်ခဲ့တာပါပဲ။ - [SCEF ၏ အမျိုးသမီးကိုယ်စားပြုမဏ္ဍိုင်ကို အသက်ဝင်အောင် လုပ်ဆောင်ခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260508_ispc138/) - အမျိုးသမီးမဏ္ဍိုင်ကို ဒုတိယတန်းစား ဒါမှမဟုတ် ဟန်ပြအခန်းကဏ္ဍလောက်ဆီကို လျှောကျမသွားစေဖို့ SCEF ထဲ ပါဝင်ပတ်သက်နေသူအားလုံးမှာ ပူးတွဲတာဝန်ရှိပါတယ်။ အဲဒီလိုလုပ်ဖို့ပျက်ကွက်ခဲ့ရင် EROs နဲ့ NUG တို့က လွှမ်းမိုးထားတဲ့၊ အရင်ကြုံဖူးပြီးသား အားနည်းချက်ရှိတဲ့ မဏ္ဍိုင်နှစ်ရပ် အားပြိုင်မှုပုံစံဆီကို ပြန်ရောက်သွားနိုင်တဲ့အန္တရာယ် ရှိပါတယ်။ - [စည်ကားနေသော မြို့ပျက်ကြီး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260506_ispc137/) - မြစ်ကြီးနားမြို့ဟာ လက်တွေ့မှာ တရားဥပဒေစိုးမိုးမှုကင်းမဲ့နေပြီး ငွေများသူနဲ့ လက်နက်ရှိတဲ့သူတွေ ကြီးစိုးတဲ့မြို့ ဖြစ်နေပါတယ်။ တခါက သူငယ်ချင်းကို “မြစ်ကြီးနားက အခု ဘယ်သူစိုးမိုးနေတာလဲ” ဆိုပြီး စနောက်မိတော့ “ဟိုနေ့ကတော့ မြို့လယ်ခေါင်မှာ ပြည်သူ့စစ်အရာရှိတဦးကို KIA က လာဖမ်းသွားတယ်၊ ဟိုနေ့ကတော့ ဟိုဘက်ရပ်ကွက်မှာ PDF တပ်သားဆိုတဲ့သူကို စစ်တပ်က လာဖမ်းသွားတယ်” ဆိုပြီး ပြန်ဖြေလေရဲ့။ - [မိုးပြိုလုလု - တော်လှန်ရေးကာလ ကျန်းမာရေးအကျပ်အတည်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260429_ispc136/) - နိုင်ငံရေးသမားတွေနဲ့ ပြည်သူလူထုအကြား ဦးစားပေးမှု မတူညီကြပါဘူး။ နိုင်ငံရေးသမားတွေအဖို့ တော်လှန်ရေးပန်းတိုင်တွေက ပိုဦးစားပေးစရာဖြစ်ပေမဲ့ ဒေသခံပြည်သူတွေအဖို့တော့ အသက်ရှင်သန်ရေးက နေ့စဉ်နဲ့အမျှ ရုန်းကန်နေရတဲ့ကိစ္စပဲ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ဒီလို ဦးစားပေးမှု မတူညီတာရဲ့ အကျိုးဆက်က တော်လှန်ရေးရဲ့ ရေရှည်တည်တံ့မှုကိုပါ ခြိမ်းခြောက်လာနေပါတယ်။ - [မလူးသာ မလွန့်သာ မြစ်ဧရာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260427_ispc135/) - သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိုင်ရာ တက်ကြွလှုပ်ရှားသူတွေရော လူထုကပါ အာဏာရှင်လက်က လွတ်မြောက်ရေးဆိုတဲ့ အချက်ကိုသာ အလေးပေးလာကြပြီး မြစ်ဆုံအရေးကို လျစ်လျူရှုရင်း ကာကွယ်စောင့်ရှောက်သူတွေအဖြစ်ကနေ တိတ်ဆိတ်နေရသူတွေ ဖြစ်လာသလို တချို့တွေကတော့ ကိုယ်တိုင်ကျူးလွန်သူတွေနဲ့ ပူးပေါင်းပါဝင်သူတွေ ဖြစ်လာကြပါတယ်။ - [စစ်သည်အိပ်မက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260424_ispc134/) - ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးက အမြဲလိုအပ်ပါတယ်။ လူငယ်တွေကို အသံပိတ်စေတဲ့ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးမဟုတ်ဘဲ သူတို့အိပ်မက်တွေကို လိုက်နိုင်အောင် လမ်းဖွင့်ပေးတဲ့၊ မျှတမှုရှိပြီး ရေရှည်တည်တံ့နိုင်တဲ့ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးတခုသာ လိုအပ်ပါတယ်။ လူတွေကို အသက်ရှင်နေထိုင်ရုံမကဘဲ အနာဂတ်ကို မျှော်လင့်နိုင်အောင် လုပ်ပေးနိုင်တဲ့ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးမျိုးပါ။ - [မွန်လူငယ်များ၏ ပြည်ပထွက်ခွာလိုစိတ်ကို ရောင်းကုန်အဖြစ် အသုံးချခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260422_ispc133/) - စစ်မှုထမ်းဥပဒေကို အသက်သွင်းပြီးနောက်ပိုင်းမှာ စစ်မှုထမ်း ဥပဒေကို ရှောင်တိမ်းရတာက ပြည်ပကို ထွက်ခွာဖို့ အရင်ထက် ထူးကဲတဲ့ ဖိအားတခု ဖြစ်လာပါတယ်။ ဒါ့အပြင် မွန်လူငယ်တွေအကြား ပြည်ပထွက်ခွာလိုတဲ့ စိတ်ဆန္ဒကို ရောင်းကုန်အဖြစ် အသုံးပြုလာတဲ့ ပညာရေးဝန်ဆောင်မှုအမည်ခံလုပ်ငန်းတွေ ပေါ်ပေါက်လာတာကလည်း အရင်နဲ့ မတူတဲ့ ထူးခြားချက်တခုပါ။ - [တပ်ပြေးပြဿနာ အဖြေရှာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260421_ispc132/) - တပ်ဖွဲ့တခုကနေ တပ်သားနှစ်ဦး ထွက်ပြေးပြီး စစ်တပ်ဘက်ကို ခိုလှုံသွားခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ ဘာကြောင့် သူတို့ တပ်ပြေးရသလဲဆိုတာကို အဖြေရှာတာ မတွေ့ရဘဲ “သစ္စာဖောက်၊ လောက်ကောင်၊ ယောကျ်ားတွေမှ မဟုတ်တာ၊ ရပ်တည်ချက် မမှန်ကန်လို့၊ မင်းတို့အတွက် နောင်တရဖို့ အခွင့်အရေး မရှိတော့ဘူး” စသဖြင့် ဝေဖန်ဆဲဆိုတာတွေကိုပဲ တွေ့ခဲ့ရပါတယ်။ - [သူမတူ သန်စွမ်းကြသူများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260409_ispc129/) - ၂၀၁၉ ခုနှစ် ကြားဖြတ်လူဦးရေသန်းခေါင်စာရင်းအရ မြန်မာပြည်လူဦးရေရဲ့ ၁၃ ရာခိုင်နှုန်းလောက်ဟာ မသန်စွမ်းဘဝနဲ့ အသက်ရှင်ရပ်တည်နေကြပါတယ်။ ... တဦးတယောက်ချင်းစီကနေ လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်းတရပ်လုံးအထိ မသန်စွမ်းတွေအပေါ် ထားရှိတဲ့ သေးသိမ်တဲ့ ထင်မြင်ယူဆချက်တွေကို ပြောင်းလဲပစ်ရပါမယ်။ - [စွမ်းအင်အကျပ်အတည်း သရောကြီးခိုင်းချိန် - the Down of the State](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260326_ispc125/) - လက်ရှိကြုံတွေ့နေရတဲ့ စက်သုံးဆီအကျပ်အတည်းက ပြည်တွင်းတည်ငြိမ်ရေးနဲ့ ပြည်တွင်းပြည်ပမှာ တရားဝင်ရေးကနေ မျက်နှာရချင်နေတဲ့ စစ်အစိုးရအတွက် ထိုးနှက်ချက်တခုပါပဲ။ တကယ်တော့ စစ်တပ်က စီမံနေတဲ့ ဣရိယာပုတ် အပြောင်းအလဲဟာ ‘The Dawn of a New State’ မြန်မာ့မျက်နှာစာသစ် မဟုတ်ဘဲ ‘The Down of the State’ သရောကြီးခိုင်းချိန်ပဲ ဖြစ်နေပါတယ်။ - [တော်လှန်ရေးကာလအတွင်း ချန်လှပ်ခံထားရဆဲ ဂျန်ဒါအရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260324_ispc124/) - ဂျန်ဒါအရေးကိုယ်တိုင်က အလုပ်သမားအရေးလို အကျိုးစီးပွားအရေးထက် သရုပ်လက္ခဏာအရေး ပိုဆောင်တာကြောင့် နဂိုကပဲ မြေပြင်မှာ သရုပ်လက္ခဏာကို ကျော်လွန်ပြီး လူပေါင်းစုံပါဝင်တဲ့ စုစည်းမှုဖြစ်ဖို့ ခဲယဉ်းတတ်ပါတယ်။ ဒီကြားထဲမှာ အရပ်ဘက်အဖွဲ့အစည်းတွေက စံနှုန်းတန်းဖိုးတွေကိုပဲ pdf file ထုတ်ပြောနေတော့ မြေပြင်မှာ လှုပ်ရှားမှုတွေက ခြေကုပ်ရဖို့ ပိုခက်စေပါတယ်။ - [အိမ်နီးချင်း၏ ရောင်စုံခြယ်နိုင်ငံရေးဇာတ်ခုံ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260319_ispc123/) - အာဏာလက်ကိုင်ပြုထားသူတွေက နည်းမျိုးစုံနဲ့ ဖိနှိပ်ပြီး ဇာတ်သိမ်းပေးဖို့ ကြိုးစားခဲ့ပေမဲ့ လူငယ်တွေကတော့ ‘လဲလေ ပိုထလေ’ဆိုတဲ့ ပစ်တိုင်းထောင် စိတ်ဓာတ်နဲ့ အမြဲတမ်း ပြန်လာပါတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့်လည်း ဒီလူငယ်တွေဟာ အပိုင်တွက်လို့မရတဲ့ ရင်ဆိုင်ရ အလှဆုံး ပြိုင်ဘက်ကောင်းတွေ ဖြစ်လာတာပေါ့။ ဝါရင့်နိုင်ငံရေးသမားကြီး အနုတင်အတွက်လည်း ဒီလိုပဲ ဖြစ်ခဲ့မှာပါ။ - [ဘွိုင်းကော့လုပ်ခြင်းနှင့် အစားထိုးရွေးချယ်စရာ ရှားပါးမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260316_ispc122/) - ပြည်တွင်းမှာ ကျန်ရစ်သူတွေအနေနဲ့ စစ်တပ်နဲ့ဖက်စပ်လုပ်ငန်းတွေကလာတဲ့ ဝန်ဆောင်မှုတွေ၊ စားသောက်ကုန်တွေကို မသုံးရင် ဘာကိုအစားထိုးသုံးရမလဲဆိုတာ အခုအချိန်မှာ ဝေခွဲမရ ဖြစ်နေကြပါပြီ။ စီးပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်းစုကြီးတွေကို စစ်တပ်ရဲ့ ပင်မကုမ္ပဏီတွေဖြစ်တဲ့ MEC နဲ့ MEHL တွေသာမက စစ်တပ်နဲ့ နီးစပ်သူတွေ၊ စစ်တပ်အကျိုးစီးပွားကို ဖော်ဆောင်ပေးနေသူတွေကပဲ လွှမ်းမိုးပိုင်ဆိုင်ထားတာကို တွေ့ရလို့ပါပဲ။ - [ဆယ်လီတွေက နိုင်ငံရေးဦးဆောင်သူတွေလား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260306_ispc120/) - ဆယ်လီတွေက ပြည်သူတွေကို နိုင်ငံရေးတရား တက်ဟောတာတို့၊ နိုင်ငံရေးသိပ္ပံထဲက အကြောင်းအရာတွေကို ကိုယ်နားလည်သလို ပြောနေတာတို့ကတော့ အကျိုးထက် အဆိုးက ပိုများပါလိမ့်မယ်။ သတင်းစာဆရာကြီး လူထုစိန်ဝင်းရဲ့ ဆောင်းပါးတွေထဲက ‘ရက်တိုသင်တန်းတက်ပြီး ဆရာကြီးလုပ်သူ’ ဆိုတာမျိုး ဖြစ်သွားနိုင်ပါတယ်။ - [တော်လှန်ရေးမှာ အာသာဖြေကြသူများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260303_ispc119/) - အတိတ်က မစွမ်းနိုင်ဖြစ်ရတာ၊ ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာချို့ယွင်းတာ၊ ငွေကြေးချို့တဲ့တာ စတဲ့ဒဏ်တွေကို ခံစားရင်း ရလာခဲ့တဲ့ စိတ်ဒဏ်ရာ (trauma) တွေကို အာဏာရှိလာတဲ့အခါ ငွေကြေးအရ အမြတ်ထုတ်တာ၊ ဆင်းရဲဒဏ်ကြောင့်ဖြစ်တဲ့ လုံခြုံမှုကင်းမဲ့စိတ် (Insecurity) ကို ငွေကြေးနဲ့ဖြစ်စေ၊ အာဏာနဲ့ဖြစ်စေ ဖာထေးတာတွေ လုပ်လာကြပါတယ်။ စာရေးသူကိုယ်တိုင်လည်း တော်လှန်ရေးနယ်ပယ်ထဲမှာ ပါဝင်နေသူတဦးဖြစ်တဲ့အလျောက် ဒီလိုကိစ္စတွေကို မကြာခဏ တွေ့မြင်ခဲ့ရပါတယ်။ - [အိန္ဒိယကိုပါ နစ်မွန်းစေသော မြန်မာ့မူးယစ်နွံ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260226_ispc118/) - မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးတွေ အမြောက်အမြား ပျံ့နှံ့လာတာကြောင့် HIV ကူးစက်မှုနှုန်း မြင့်မားလာနိုင်ခြေ အပါအဝင် ကျန်းမာရေးဆိုင်ရာ အရေးပေါ်အခြေအနေတွေကိုပါ ဖြစ်ပေါ်စေပါတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးကိစ္စဟာ တရားဥပဒေစိုးမိုးရေး ပြဿနာသက်သက် မဟုတ်တော့ဘဲ လူမှုရေး အကျပ်အတည်းကြီးတခု ဖြစ်လာနေပါပြီ။ - [အာရက္ခကို စွန့်ခွာခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260224_ispc117/) - သူချစ်တဲ့ အာရက္ခဒေသဟာ အနောက်မှာ တရွေ့ရွေ့ ကျန်ခဲ့ပြီ။ စားဝတ်နေရေးအောက်မှာ ထက်သန်လွန်းတဲ့ မျိုးချစ်စိတ်နဲ့ ဇာတိမာန်တွေ တိုက်စားခံလိုက်ပြီလား။ ကိုယ်လွတ်ရုန်းခဲ့တဲ့သူ့ကို နောက်မျိုးဆက်တွေ ခွင့်လွှတ်နိုင်ပါ့မလား ဆိုတဲ့ အတွေးနဲ့ပဲ အတားအဆီးတွေ၊ အဖမ်းအဆီးတွေကြားကနေ အာရက္ခကို သူစွန့်ခွာခဲ့ရပြီ….။ - [ဥပဒေနည်းကျ ဆိုသော်လည်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260219_ispc116/) - တော်လှန်ရေးနယ်မြေအချို့မှာ အခွန်ကောက်ခံတဲ့အခါ အာဏာရှင်ခေတ်တွေကအတိုင်း ‘အမိန့်’ နဲ့ ကောက်ခံတာ၊ ကောက်ခံရရှိတဲ့ အခွန်ငွေကို သုံးစွဲတဲ့အခါ ပွင့်လင်းမြင်သာမှု အားနည်းတာတွေ ရှိနေပါတယ်။ ဖမ်းဆီးထိန်းသိမ်းမှုတွေမှာလည်း စနစ်ဟောင်းက ဥပဒေပုဒ်မတွေကိုပဲ အသုံးပြုပြီး တရားစီရင်နေတာမျိုးတွေ ရှိနေတာဟာ ‘စနစ်သစ်’ ကို သွားနေတဲ့ လမ်းကြောင်းအပေါ် စိန်ခေါ်မှုကြီးတခု ဖြစ်နေပါတယ်။ - [ဝိပတ္တိနေ့စွဲများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260213_ispc115/) - မီးလောင်ပြာကျသွားတဲ့ ဝမ်းစာစပါးပုံတွေ၊ ကြွင်းကျန်ရစ်တဲ့ မီးလောင်အိမ်တိုင်ငုတ်တိုတွေကို ကြေကွဲစွာ ငေးကြည့်နေသူတွေအတွက် နွေဦးဟာ တာဝန်ကျေဖို့လိုတယ် မဟုတ်လား။ နောက်ပြီးတော့ နွေဦးအလှကို ပိုနွေးစေတဲ့ ငုနဲ့ ပိတောက်တွေ ပွင့်ဖို့လိုတယ် မဟုတ်လားလို့ ကျနော် စဉ်းစားနေမိတယ်။ - [ကျားဖြန့်ပညာရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260210_ispc114/) - နိုင်ငံခြားတက္ကသိုလ်တွေနဲ့ ချိတ်ဆက်ပြီး အလုပ်အကိုင်အခွင့်အလမ်းတွေ ရှာပေးသယောင်ယောင်နဲ့ တကယ်တမ်း နိုင်ငံခြားကျောင်းပြောင်းတော့မယ်ဆိုမှ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှာရှိတဲ့ ပုဂ္ဂလိကကျောင်းက ဘယ်နိုင်ငံခြားတက္ကသိုလ်တွေကမှ အသိအမှတ်ပြုမထားလို့ မိအေးနှစ်ခါနာ ဖြစ်ခဲ့ရတဲ့ အဖြစ်အပျက်တွေ ပုံလို့ပါပဲ။ - [စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်နှင့် သမ္မတထက်ပိုသော ခြေလှမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260206_ispc113/) - သမ္မတသိပ်ဖြစ်ချင်တဲ့ စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်အနေနဲ့ သူ့ရဲ့သမ္မတအိပ်မက်က စွန့်စားရာကျတယ်လို့ အတွေးဝင်လာတာကြောင့် သမ္မတအထက်မှာ နေလို့ရမယ့် ရွေးချယ်စရာနောက်တခု ဖန်တီးထားပုံလည်း ရပါတယ်။ - [မိုးမျှော်တိုက်များအောက်က နင်းပြားဘဝများနှင့် တပိုင်းတစပညာရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260203_ispc112/) - မြန်မာလူငယ်တွေနဲ့ နိုင်ငံတကာပညာရေးအကြားမှာ ငွေကြေးအခက်အခဲက အကြီးမားဆုံး အဟန့်အတား ဖြစ်နေပေမဲ့ လက်ရှိအခြေအနေမှာ အလုပ်လုပ်ရင်း အချိန်ပေးနိုင်တဲ့ အခမဲ့ online platform တွေ (ဥပမာ- Coursera, EdX) ဒါမှမဟုတ် skills-based သင်တန်းတွေကို အသုံးချသင့်ပါတယ်။ - [၇၇ နှစ်မြောက် ကရင့်တော်လှန်ရေးကို ဂုဏ်ပြုဆင်ခြင်ခြင်း - ခုခံတော်လှန်ရေးမှသည် ဖက်ဒရယ်နိုင်ငံတော်ကို ထုဆစ်ခြင်းသို့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260130_ispc111/) - ကရင်လူမျိုးများနှင့် ကေအဲန်ယူအတွက် ၇၇ နှစ်မြောက် နှစ်ပတ်လည်နေ့သည် အမှတ်ရရန် နေ့ရက်တခုအဖြစ်သာမကဘဲ တခဏရပ်နား၍ မဟာဗျူဟာမြောက် ပြန်လည်သုံးသပ်ရမည့် အခါသမယ ဖြစ်သည်။ - [ISP ကော်လံ တနှစ်ပြည့်ခဲ့ပြီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/ispconeyearanniversary20260127/) - ထင်ရှားတဲ့ သမိုင်းပါမောက္ခ ဒေါက်တာသန်းထွန်းကတော့ ‘အသိသစ်၊ အတွေးသစ်၊ အယူအဆသစ် မပါရင် စာအုပ်သစ် မရေးနဲ့’ လို့ ဆိုခဲ့ဖူးပါတယ်။​ ISP Column ကိုလည်း လူငယ်တွေရဲ့ အမြင်သစ်၊ အယူအဆသစ်တွေ ဖော်ထုတ်ရာ၊ စုဝေးရာအဖြစ် ပုံဖော်ချင်တာပါ။ စာမူတွေဟာ ISP-Myanmar ရဲ့ အယူအဆတွေနဲ့ ကိုက်ညီဖို့ မလိုအပ်ပါဘူး၊ စိတ်ကြိုက်တင်ပြနိုင်ပါတယ်။ - [ဆူညံဗလံအသံမှသည် ဉာဏ်လှိုင်းခတ် ဆင်ခြင်သံဆီသို့ - လူငယ်များ၏ ရှုထောင့်စုံအမြင်ကို အားပေးခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/column-concept/) - ‘ISP Column’ ကဏ္ဍအသစ်ကို ဖွင့်လှစ်လိုက်ပါပြီ။ ISP-Myanmar အနေနဲ့ သုတေသနအခြေပြု အရည်အသွေး မြင့် ပိုင်းခြားစိတ်ဖြာ လေ့လာဆန်းစစ်ချက်တွေနဲ့ ဒေတာ အချက်အလက်ဖော်ပြမှုတွေကို ပုံမှန်ထုတ်ဝေနေခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ ဘက်ပေါင်းစုံအလေးဂရုပြုနိုင်တဲ့ ပညာရပ်နယ်ပယ် အကန့်အသတ် ရှိနေပါတယ်။ - [အိုင်စီဂျေသို့ သဲတပွင့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260120_ispc110/) - မတရားမှုတွေကို ကာယကံမြောက်မကျူးလွန်ခဲ့ပေမဲ့ ဒီလိုကျူးလွန်မှုတွေကို တရားဝင်စေဖို့ လူမျိုးတမျိုးအပေါ် ကျနော့်ရဲ့ ကြောက်တဲ့စိတ်၊ မုန်းတဲ့စိတ် စတဲ့ ‘ပုံသေသတ်မှတ်ချက်’တွေဟာလည်း အုတ်တချပ်သဲတပွင့် ပါဝင်အားဖြည့်နေခဲ့ကြလေရဲ့။ - [အငြင်းပွားဖွယ် မြန်မာ့ရွေးကောက်ပွဲနှင့် ဝေဝါးနေဆဲ အိန္ဒိယ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260113_ispc109/) - မြန်မာ့ရွေးကောက်ပွဲနဲ့ တိုက်ဆိုင်ပြီး စိတ်ဝင်စားစရာကောင်းတဲ့ ဖြစ်စဉ်တခုကတော့ စစ်ကော်မရှင်ကို ဆန့်ကျင်တိုက်ခိုက်နေတဲ့ ကရင်နီနဲ့ ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်က တော်လှန်ရေးအင်အားစုတွေ အိန္ဒိယမြို့တော်ကို ရောက်ရှိနေခြင်းပါပဲ။ - [အငှားပါးစပ်ဖြင့် ပုံပြောကြရာဝယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260108_ispc108/) - တော်လှန်ရေးနယ်မြေတွေထဲမှာ ပြည်သူတွေ အဖမ်းခံနေရတာ၊ သတင်းသမားတွေကို ဖမ်းဆီးတာတွေ၊ သတင်းလွတ်လပ်ခွင့် ဆုံးရှုံးတာတွေ၊ တော်လှန်ရေးအဖွဲ့အစည်းတွေရဲ့ ပြစ်မှုကျူးလွန်မှုတွေကို ထုတ်ဖော်မပြောဆိုရဲတာဟာ တော်လှန်ရေးအရှိန်နည်းသွားမယ်ဆိုတဲ့ ပုံပြောဆရာရဲ့ တွန်းအားတွေပါပဲ။ - [ဒီဂျစ်တယ် သတိ၊ ဒီဂျစ်တယ် တာဝန်ယူမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20260106_ispc107/) - စစ်တပ်ရဲ့ သတင်းကွန်ရက်တည်ဆောက်ထားမှုနဲ့ အမိန့်စီးဆင်းမှုပုံစံတွေ သိရှိထားဖို့လိုအပ်သလို တော်လှန်ရေးတပ်တွေရဲ့ စည်းကမ်းလိုက်နာဖို့နဲ့ ဒီဂျစ်တယ်လုံခြုံရေးအားနည်းတာ၊ တော်လှန်ရေးတပ်တွေအပေါ်မှာ ဘယ်သူက တာဝန်ရှိလို့ ဘယ်လိုတာဝန်ယူမလဲဆိုတာတွေက မေးခွန်းထုတ်စရာ ဖြစ်လာပါတယ်။ - [မြစ်ဆုံစီမံကိန်း စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင် ထင်သလောက် လွယ်ပါ့မလား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251230_ispc106/) - ကိုယ်အာဏာတည်မြဲဖို့ တရုတ်အကျိုးစီးပွားဖြစ်တဲ့ မြစ်ဆုံစီမံကိန်းကို ‘အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ပေးပါမယ်’လို့ အာမခံပြီး မျက်နှာချိုသွေးနေပုံရပါတယ်။ လက်တွေ့မြေပြင်မှာ ဖြစ်နိုင်ခြေ ရှိ၊ မရှိထက် တရုတ်အစိုးရ စိတ်ကျေနပ်စေဖို့ပဲ အတင်းလုပ်နေသလို ဖြစ်နေပါတယ်။ စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်မှာ စိတ်အားထက်သန်မှုကလွဲပြီး လက်ဆုပ်လက်ကိုင်ပြစရာ ခိုင်မာတဲ့ အာမခံချက် တစုံတရာ ရှိမနေပါဘူး။ - [သေနတ်ပြောင်းဝဥပဒေဖြင့် အာဏာဆက်ချုပ်ကိုင်မည့် စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251226_ispc105/) - လွှတ်တော်ကနေတဆင့် သမ္မတရာထူး ခန့်အပ်လက်ခံပြီး တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်နေရာကိုပါ ပူးတွဲရယူထားတာမျိုး ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ နောက်ထပ် ဖြစ်နိုင်ခြေက လွှတ်တော်က ဥပဒေတချို့ကို ပြင်ဆင်ပြဋ္ဌာန်းကာ စစ်တပ်ကို ထိန်းချုပ်နိုင်တဲ့ ကော်မရှင်တရပ် ဖွဲ့စည်းပြီး စစ်ဘက်ကော်မရှင်ဥက္ကဋ္ဌနေရာနဲ့ သမ္မတရာထူး ပူးတွဲရယူတာမျိုး ဖန်တီးလုပ်ဆောင်လာနိုင်ပါတယ်။ - [ကြွတက်နေဦးမည့် လူထုလှုပ်ရှားမှု ဘယ်ဆီဘယ်ခရီးသို့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251224_ispc104/) - လူထုဟာ အသံတိတ်သပိတ်ကတဆင့် သူတို့ရဲ့ နိုင်ငံဲရေးလိုလားချက် အာသီသကို သမိုင်းအစဉ်အဆက် မပျက်မကွက် ပြသခဲ့သလို ထပ်မံပြသခဲ့ပြီးပါပြီ။ အတိုက်အခံခေါင်းဆောင်တွေအတွက်တော့ ဒီအာသီသနဲ့ ပါဝင်မှုတွေကို ကြွေးကြော်သံ slogan သက်သက်တင်မဟုတ်ဘဲ ရလဒ်ထွက်စေမယ့် အစီအမံ program တွေအဖြစ် ဘယ်လိုပြောင်းလဲမလဲဆိုတဲ့ ပုစ္ဆာကို အဖြေရှာဖို့သာ လိုအပ်ပါကြောင်း တိုက်တွန်းချင်ပါတယ်။ - [အားနည်းချက်ကို ရောင်းကုန်အဖြစ် လှည့်စားနေသော စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင် ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251223_ispc103/) - စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်ရဲ့ လှည့်ကွက်က ရိုးရှင်းပါတယ်...စစ်တပ်သာ ပြိုကွဲသွားရင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံဟာ ဘယ်သူမှ မထိန်းချုပ်နိုင်တဲ့ ‘ကျဆုံးနိုင်ငံ’ (failed state) ဖြစ်သွားလိမ့်မယ်။ အဲဒီအခါ အိမ်နီးချင်းနိုင်ငံတွေအနေနဲ့ ဒုက္ခသည်တွေ၊ လက်နက်မှောင်ခိုမှုတွေ၊ မတည်ငြိမ်မှုတွေ စတဲ့ နောက်ဆက်တွဲဂယက်တွေကို ကြုံရလာပါလိမ့်မယ်ဆိုတာပါပဲ။ - [ငါတို့မှာ ဘယ်သူတွေရှိသလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251222_ispc102/) - အားနည်းချည့်နဲ့တဲ့ အင်အားစုတွေက ဘယ်လိုပဲဖြစ်ရမယ်ဆိုတဲ့ နှုန်းစံတန်ဖိုးတွေနဲ့ စည်းမျဉ်းတွေကို ဖြစ်ချင်စိတ်အခြေခံနဲ့ ပုံဖော်လို့မရပါဘူး...လူတိုင်းကတော့ ကိုယ့်နိုင်ငံကို မနက်ဖြန်သန်ဘက်ခါ ဖင်လန်လို၊ နော်ဝေလို ဖြစ်ချင်ကြတာချည်းပါပဲ။ ဒါပေမဲ့ ဖြစ်ချင်စိတ်အခြေခံတခုတည်းနဲ့ အချက်အလက်အခြေခံဆန်းစစ်ချက်မပါဘဲ ကြွေးကြော်နေရင်တော့ ‘ထမင်းဆီဆမ်း ရွှေလင်ပန်း’ကမှ တကယ်ရဖို့ နီးစပ်ပါဦးမယ်။ - [ပြည်ချစ်စိတ်၊ ဂုဏ်ယူမှုနှင့် သပွတ်အူတော်လှန်စိတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251218_ispc101/) - ပြည်ချစ်စိတ်နဲ့ ဂုဏ်ယူမှုဟာ CDM/Non-CDM အမှတ်အသားတွေအကြားမှာ ဂယက်ထနေပါတယ်။ ပြည်သူတွေအနေနဲ့ တခါတရံ လူသားဆန်တဲ့ စိတ်ခံစားချက်တွေကို ဦးစားပေးပြီး နိုင်ငံရေးစည်းမျဉ်းကို ယာယီဖြေလျှော့ကြပေမဲ့ ယေဘုယျအားဖြင့် လူထုဟာ စစ်အာဏာရှင်စနစ်နဲ့ အဆက်အသွယ် လုံးဝဖြတ်လိုနေကြပါတာကို တွေ့ရမှာပါ။ - [ဆီးရီးယားလွတ်မြောက်ရေးနေ့နှင့် မပြီးဆုံးသေးသည့် မြန်မာ့နွေဦး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251216_ispc100/) - ဒမတ်စကတ်တွင် မီးရှူးမီးပန်းများသည် ကောင်းကင်ယံတွင် လင်းဝေနေသည်။ နိုင်ငံပြင်ပကို ထွက်ပြေးတိမ်းရှောင်ခဲ့ရသော ဒုက္ခသည်ထောင်ပေါင်းများစွာ ပြန်လာနေကြသည်။ မြန်မာပြည်၏ ညများသည် ဖယောင်းတိုင်၏အလင်းရောင်နှင့် စစ်ကောင်စီတိုက်ခိုက်ရေးလေယာဉ်များ၏ အသံများဖြင့် ပြည့်နေသည်။ - [စစ်အုပ်စု၏ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ လာရာနှင့် လားရာ - လမ်းဆုံလမ်းခွပေါ်က နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251212_ispc099/) - ဒီမိုကရေစီ အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေးဖြစ်စဉ်တွေမှာ အတိုက်အခံအားလုံးကို ပါဝင်အောင်ကြိုးစား၊ အကြမ်းဖက်မှုတွေ ရပ်တန့်ပြီး ထိုက်သင့်တဲ့ လွတ်လပ်ခွင့်တွေကို ဖြေလျှော့ပြီးမှ လုပ်ကြတာပါ။ စစ်အုပ်စုကတော့ အတိုက်အခံအကုန်လုံးကို ထောင်ထဲထည့်၊ ပါတီဖျက်သိမ်း၊ ဖိနှိပ်ထားပြီး အားလုံးကို စိတ်တိုင်းကျ ချည်နှောင်ထားပါတယ်။ အကြမ်းဖက်မှုတွေလည်း ပိုလုပ်နေပါတယ်။ - [အိန္ဒိယ၏ ဗျူဟာမြောက်အကျိုးစီးပွားကို မြန်မာကာကွယ်နိုင်မည်လော](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251209_ispc098/) - စစ်ရေးအရ အားလျော့နေသေးတဲ့ စစ်ကော်မရှင်တပ်ဖွဲ့တွေဟာ အိန္ဒိယရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံမှုစီမံကိန်းနေရာတွေနဲ့ ဝန်ထမ်းတွေရဲ့ လုံခြုံရေးကို အပြည့်အဝ အာမခံချက်မပေးနိုင်တာကြောင့် အိန္ဒိယအစိုးရအနေနဲ့ ပုဂ္ဂလိကလုံခြုံရေးကုမ္ပဏီတွေကို ငှားရမ်းဖို့ တိတ်တဆိတ်စဉ်းစားနေတယ်ဆိုတဲ့ သတင်းက အဆန်းတော့ မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ - [ရှင်သန်ရေးနှင့် လွတ်မြောက်ရေး မွန်တို့၏လမ်းနှစ်သွယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251206_ispc097/) - နှစ်ခုစလုံးဟာ သူ့နည်းသူ့ဟန်နဲ့ စိန်ခေါ်မှုတွေ ရှိနေပါတယ်။ တခုနဲ့ တခု အားဖြည့်နိုင်ဖို့ထက် အပြန်အလှန် အားလျော့စေတဲ့ သံသရာထဲ ရောက်နေသလားလို့ စိုးရိမ်စရာ ဖြစ်နေပါတယ်...အခုအချိန်မှာ လိုအပ်နေတာ ‘ဘယ်သူ့အယူအဆ မှန်လဲ’ ငြင်းဖို့ မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ အဓိကမေးခွန်းက ‘ပြည်သူမရှုံးဖို့ ဘာလုပ်ကြမလဲ’ဆိုတာပါပဲ။ - [ဒီဂျစ်တယ်အကြမ်းဖက်မှုအောက် မြုပ်နေသော လူ့ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာနှင့် လူ့အခွင့်အရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251204_ispc096/) - ဒီအရေးဟာ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအတွင်းမှာလည်း ကြီးထွားလာနေပါတယ်။ အထူးသဖြင့် အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း နိုင်ငံရေးဂုဏ်သိက္ခာကျစေဖို့ ဒါမှမဟုတ် လက်စားချေဖို့ ရည်ရွယ်တဲ့ ဖြတ်ညှပ်ကပ်ညစ်ညမ်းပုံတွေ၊ ခိုးရိုက်ရုပ်သံတွေ ဖြန့်ဝေတာကို နိုင်ငံရေးလက်နက်တခုအဖြစ် အသုံးချ လာကြတယ်။ - [စစ်ကော်မရှင်၏ ရာသီစာ ကျားဖြန့်ရုပ်ရှင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251202_ispc095/) - ဒီလုပ်ငန်းတွေက ကြီးမားတဲ့အဆောက်အအုံတွေ၊ ခြံဝင်းတွေရှိမှ လုပ်လို့ရတာမဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ မြို့ကြီးတွေက တိုက်ခန်းတွေမှာ စိမ့်ဝင်နေရာယူလာတဲ့ ပုံစံမျိုးကိုလည်း ပြောင်းလဲလာနိုင်ပါတယ်။ ရှမ်းမြောက်ကလုပ်ငန်းတွေဟာ ရှမ်းတောင်နဲ့ ရှမ်းအရှေ့ကို ကင်ဆာဆဲလ်ပျံ့သလို ရန်ကုန်နဲ့ မန္တလေးလို မြို့ကြီးတွေအထိ တစိမ့်စိမ့်နဲ့ ဝင်လာနိုင်ပါတယ်။ - [သိမ်းပိုက်ခံမြို့ထဲက မြေစာမြက်များ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251127_ispc094/) - စစ်ပွဲအတွင်း အရပ်သားများကိုကာကွယ်ရေးအတွက် နိုင်ငံတကာဥပဒေများရှိကြောင်း မြို့ထဲမှာ ဟိုစပ်စပ်ဒီစပ်စပ်ပါတတ်သည့် လူငယ်တချို့ထံကနေ ကြားဖူးနားဝရှိဖူးသည်။ ထိုစကားကိုကြားစက ပြောနေကြသူ လူငယ်ကလေးများ၏ မျက်လုံးများကို သူ ကိုယ်တိုင်ကိုယ်ကျ လက်ဖြင့်ဖြဲကာ မေးလိုက်ချင်သည်။ မည်သူက မည်သူ့ကို ကာကွယ်နေသည်ကို တွေ့သနည်းဟူ၍။ - [KNU ခေါင်းဆောင်ဟောင်းကို  ထုတ်ပယ်ခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251125_ispc093/) - ဒီလို လုပ်ဆောင်ကြတဲ့ ရည်ရွယ်ချက်က ရန်သူ တကယ်ဖြစ်နေတဲ့သူတွေ ဒါမှမဟုတ် ရန်သူလို့ ထင်မြင်ယူဆမိကြတဲ့သူတွေ၊ သဘောတရားရေး ယိမ်းယိုင်တာ၊ အဂတိလိုက်စားမှုရှိတာ (တော်လှန်ရေးစကားမှာတော့ လူတန်းစားဗီဇမမှန်တာ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်တာ) တွေ ရှိလာရင် အရေးယူကြရတယ် ဆိုတာမျိုးပါ။ ဒါပေမဲ့ နောက်ပိုင်းမှာ အချို့သောသူတွေကို ကာလတခုအကြာမှာတော့ ပြန်ပြီးသူကောင်းပြု၊ အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက်ခံရတာမျိုးတွေ ရှိပါတယ်။ - [အသားကျသွားသော အမှောင်- ရာမညမြေက အံစာတုံးသံများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251121_ispc092/) - စည်ကားလှတဲ့ ဘုရားပွဲတော်တွေရဲ့ အလယ်မှာ အရင်က သိုသိုသိပ်သိပ်ရှိခဲ့တဲ့ အရာတခုက ဒီကနေ့မှာတော့ ပိုပြီးထင်သာမြင်သာနေသလို လူတွေကလည်း အသားကျနေကြတာကို မြင်ရတာ အတော်အံ့သြခဲ့ရပါတယ်။ အဖေကတောင် ပြောသေးတယ် “သားငယ်လေး၊ တပွဲလောက် ဆော့ချင်လား” တဲ့...။ - [၂၀၂၆ ခုနှစ်အတွက် စောင့်ကြည့်ဖွယ် လားရာ ၁၀ ခု](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251118_ispc091/) - ၁။ အမေရိကန် နှစ် ၂၅၀ မြောက်၊ ၂။ ပထဝီနိုင်ငံရေး အကွဲအပြဲ၊ ၃။ စစ်ပွဲလား၊ ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးလား၊ ၄။ ဥရောပအတွက် ပြဿနာများ၊ ၅။ တရုတ်အတွက် အခွင့်အလမ်း၊ ၆။ စီးပွားရေး မရေရာမှုများ၊ ၇။ ဉာဏ်တု (AI) အပေါ် စိုးရိမ်မှု၊ ၈။ ရောထွေးနေသော ဥတုပြောင်းလဲမှုပုံရိပ်၊ ၉။ အားကစားဆိုင်ရာ တန်ဖိုးထားမှုများ၊ ၁၀။ အိုဇမ်းပစ် (Ozempic) ပိုကောင်းလာမှာလား။ - [ဤခရီး ဝေးလှသည်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251113_ispc090/) - တကယ်ဆို...လမ်းမှာ ပရိတ်ကြီး ၁၁ သုတ် ရွတ်နေဖို့ ကောင်းတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ နုံနုံအအ တောသူပေမို့ စပယ်ယာတိုင်ပေးတဲ့ စစ်ဆေးရေးဂါထာကိုပဲ တတွတ်တွတ် ကျက်မှတ်လာရတယ်။ “ စစ်တပ်ဂိတ်ဆို ထောက်ခံစာ ပြ၊ ပီဂိတ်တွေဆို ထောက်ခံစာ လုံးဝမထုတ်မိစေနဲ့၊ ဖုန်းကတော့ ဘယ်ဂိတ်ရောက်ရောက် မသုံးနဲ့”။ ဒါ့ပြင် ဝတ်စုံမြင်ရုံနဲ့ မခွဲခြားတတ်တော့ မငိုက်မိအောင်ပါ ကြိုးစားနေရသေးတယ်။ - [မြန်မာနှင့် အရှေ့တောင်အာရှက ကျားဖြန့်အရိပ်မည်း - အိန္ဒိယ၏ အမြင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251111_ispc089/) - အွန်လိုင်းငွေလိမ်လုပ်ငန်းဟာ အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံအတွင်း ကပ်ရောဂါတခုလို ပျံ့နှံ့လာတဲ့အတွက် တရားမဝင် လုပ်သားစုဆောင်းမှုတွေကို ရာဇဝတ်မှုအဖြစ် ဗဟိုအစိုးရက သတ်မှတ်တားဆီးပေးဖို့ အိန္ဒိယလွှတ်တော်ကော်မတီတခုက လိုလားနေပါတယ်။ - [မေတ္တာရပ်လူတန်းစား ထွန်းကားလာသည့် ရက္ခိုင်ပြည် ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251107_ispc088/) - စစ်ရေးအောင်ပွဲတွေကို ချီးကျူးထောပနာပြုနေကြပေမဲ့ စစ်ဘေးဒဏ်သင့်သူတွေရဲ့ အသံနဲ့ လူမှုဒုက္ခပြဿနာတွေကို အချက်အလက်၊ ကိန်းဂဏန်တွေနဲ့ ကိုင်ပြနိုင်ဖို့ ခဲယဉ်းနေပါတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ သေချာတာကတော့ ရက္ခိုင်ပြည်သူတွေထဲမှာ ဒုက္ခတောင်လိုပုံပြီး စိတ်ထိခိုက်ကြေကွဲဖွယ်ရာ ဇာတ်လမ်းတွေ တပုံတပင်ကြီးပါ။ - [Call for Manuscripts for ISP Column](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-submission-guidelines-amp-policies/) - ISP Column covers a broad range of topics related to Myanmar’s conflict, peace and security, China Studies, political economy, politics, socio-economic, international relations, history, culture and literature, in order to foster thoughtful healthy debates and deliberation. - [အတိုက်အခံကိုလည်း နှိပ်ကွပ်၏၊ သစ္စာခံကိုလည်း နှိပ်ကွပ်၏](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251104_ispc087/) - စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်တဦးသည် သူ၏ အတိုက်အခံ/ရန်သူဟု သဘောထားလျှင် တောင်ကုန်းတခုကို သိမ်းယူသလို လက်ဦးမှုရယူမည်သာဖြစ်သည်။ နိုင်ငံရေးကျင့်ဝတ်သိက္ခာအရ စဥ်းစားလိမ့်မည်မဟုတ်ချေ။ ‘ကျနော် ဘာမဆိုလုပ်ရဲတယ်’ဆိုသည့် စကားမှာ ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင် အာဏာသိမ်းဖို့ ကြိုတင်လေသံပစ်ခဲ့သော စကားဖြစ်သည်။ ပထမဆုံးဝါကျတွင် မေးထားသော မေးခွန်း၏ အဖြေလည်း ဖြစ်သည်။ အာဏာရှင်ဆိုသည်မှာ အတိုက်အခံကိုလည်း နှိပ်ကွပ်၏၊ သစ္စာခံကိုလည်း နှိပ်ကွပ်၏။ - [မြန်မာပြည်တောင်ဖျားက ကျိန်စာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251031_ispc086/) - ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်အန္တရာယ်များကို သိလျက်နှင့် မူဝါဒများမချမှတ်ဘဲ ဆက်လက်တူးဖော်ခွင့်ပြုနေပါက ၎င်းတို့သည် ဒေသခံပြည်သူ၏ ရေရှည်အကျိုးစီးပွားကို လျစ်လျူရှုခြင်းပင်ဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုသို့ လျစ်လျူရှုခြင်းသည် တော်လှန်ရေး၏ နိုင်ငံရေးအနှစ်သာရနှင့် ရည်မှန်းချက်ကနေ လက်တွေ့တွင် လွဲချော်နေပြီဟု ဆိုနိုင်မည်ဖြစ်သည်။ - [မြန်မာပြည်ပြန်ကြမှာလား - ရွှေ့ပြောင်းမြန်မာတွေဖြစ်လာဖို့ ဆွဲငင်အားနှင့် တွန်းထုတ်အား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251028_ispc085/) - ကျနော့်မိတ်ဆွေ ထိုင်းလူမျိုးတွေဆီကလည်း ကြားနေကျတခုရှိပါတယ်။ “မင်းတို့နိုင်ငံမှာ ဒီလောက်အခြေအနေတွေဆိုးနေတာတောင် မင်းတို့လူမျိုး အလုပ်သမားတွေက ဘယ်အချိန်မေးမေး အိမ်မပြန်တော့ဘူးလို့ တခါမှ မဖြေကြဘူး” တဲ့။ - [တော်လှန်ဘုရား အဆူဆူနှင့် နွေဦး၏ စက်ခေါင်းများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251024_ispc084/) - ပြောလည်း ပြော၊ ကြောက်လည်း ကြောက်ရသည်။ ပွင့်တော်မူကုန်ပြီးသော တော်လှန်ဘုရားများ၊ ပွင့်တော်မူလတ္တံ့သော ဗျာဒိတ်တော်ရ ကိုယ်တော်များ ရွှေစိတ်တော် ငြိုငြင်မှာစိုးသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် ဤစာစုကို ဖတ်မိရင်း “ငါ့များ ပြောနေသလား”ဟု တွေးမိကုန်ကြလျှင် “ဟုတ်တယ် ခင်ဗျားကို ပြောနေတာပါပဲခင်ဗျာ”ဟူ၍ တဦးဆိုင်နာမ် တွေးပေးစေလိုသည်။ - [မြန်မာ့အရေး အမေရိကန်-ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ် မဟာဗျူဟာနှင့် အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံအပေါ် သက်ရောက်မှုများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251021_ispc083/) - စိတ်ဝင်စားစရာကောင်းတာက အမေရိကန်ဟာ ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်ကို နောက်ခံထားပြီး မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအတွင်းမှာ လျှို့ဝှက်စစ်ဆင်ရေး ပြုလုပ်ဖို့ တိတ်တဆိတ်လုပ်ဆောင်နေခဲ့တာပါ။ အမေရိကန်အရာရှိတွေဟာ ပြီးခဲ့တဲ့ ၂၀၂၅ ခုနှစ် ဧပြီလတုန်းက ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်နိုင်ငံအတွင်းမှာ အာရက္ခတပ်တော် (AA) နဲ့ ချင်းအမျိုးသားတပ်ဦး (CNF)တို့ရဲ့ ကိုယ်စားလှယ်တွေနဲ့ လျှို့ဝှက်တွေ့ဆုံခဲ့တယ်လို့ သတင်းထွက်ခဲ့ပါတယ်။ - [‘ကယ်တင်ရှင်’တို့၏အလွန် - စိမ်းလန်းသော  မျှော်လင့်ချက်များဆီသို့ (ရေတံခွန်အောက်က ရှုပ်ထွေးသော အရိပ်များ)](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251016_ispc082/) - စစ်ရေးအရ အောင်မြင်မှုဟာ နိုင်ငံရေးအရ အောင်မြင်မှုနဲ့ ထပ်တူမကျပါဘူး။ လုံခြုံရေးပေးတယ်ဆိုတာ လက်နက်အင်အားနဲ့ ရန်သူကို ချေမှုန်းရုံသက်သက် မဟုတ်ဘဲ ပြည်သူလူထုရဲ့ နေ့စဉ်ဘဝကို ထိခိုက်မှု အနည်းဆုံးဖြစ်အောင် စီမံခန့်ခွဲတတ်ဖို့ အရေးကြီးပါတယ်။ - [ဓားသွား မကြွေ၊ လှံမခွေဖို့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251014_ispc081/) - ဘယ်သူနိုင်နိုင် ငါတို့ကတော့ ဘာမှမရဘူးဆိုတဲ့ အမြင်မျိုးတွေ လူတွေထဲမှာ ရှိနေမယ်ဆိုရင်တော့ လူထုအနေနဲ့ အုပ်စုနှစ်ခုဖြစ်တဲ့ စစ်ပွဲလို့သဘောထားပြီး စိတ်ပျက်စွာပဲ စောင့်ကြည့်နေရုံထက် ပိုတော့မှာမဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ အဲဒီလိုအမြင်တွေ အမြစ်တွယ်သွားမယ်ဆိုရင်တော့ ဆိုးသွားပါပြီ။ - [လွတ်မြောက်နယ်မြေတဲ့လား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251009_ispc080/) - လွတ်မြောက်ခြင်းဆိုတဲ့ ဝေါဟာရထဲမှာ လွတ်လပ်စွာသွားလာခွင့်၊ လွတ်လပ်စွာစီးပွားရေးလုပ်ပိုင်ခွင့်၊ လွတ်လပ်စွာပညာသင်ကြားခွင့်၊ လွတ်လပ်စွာပြောဆိုခွင့် စတဲ့အရာတွေ ကပ်ပါနေတာမို့ ဒီလွတ်မြောက်နယ်မြေဆိုတာတွေမှာ ဒါတွေကို အဲဒီနေရာတွေမှာ နေထိုင်သူအားလုံး ခံစားကြရပါပြီလား။ - [ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာစစ်အတွင်းက လီဒိုလမ်းမ - အိန္ဒိယအရှေ့မြောက်ဒေသနှင့် မြန်မာပြည်မြောက်ပိုင်းစီးပွားရေးကို ပြောင်းလဲစေနိုင်မလား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20251002_ispc079/) - ကူးသန်းသွားလာဖို့ ဒီလမ်းကြောင်းကို နှစ်ထောင်ချီ အသုံးပြုခဲ့ပြီး ဗြိတိသျှတွေကလည်း မဟာဗျူဟာမြောက် လွှမ်းမိုးနိုင်ဖို့ ပြန်လည်အသုံးပြုခဲ့တာပါ...လီဒိုလမ်းမ ပြန်လည်ဖွင့်လှစ်ရေးဟာ ကမ္ဘာ့ ဒုတိယနဲ့ စတုတ္ထ စီးပွားအဖွံ့ဖြိုးဆုံးနိုင်ငံတွေအပါအဝင် နိုင်ငံသုံးခုကို ချိတ်ဆက်ပေးထားလို့ ကုန်းတွင်းပိတ် ဖြစ်နေတဲ့ အိန္ဒိယအရှေ့မြောက်ဒေသအတွက် အပြောင်းအလဲကြီးကို ယူဆောင်လာမှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ - [မော်စကိုပြန် စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင် - ငွေကုန်ကြေးကျများလှသော သံခင်းတမန်ခင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250930_ispc078/) - ဒီလှုပ်ရှားမှုတွေဟာ စစ်တပ် ဒါမှမဟုတ် စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်နဲ့ နီးစပ်တဲ့ ရေပေါ်ဆီထိပ်သီး လူနည်းစုက ဦးစီးတဲ့ နိုင်ငံဗဟိုပြု အကျပ်အတည်း စီမံခန့်ခွဲမှုပုံစံ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ နိုင်ငံရေးအရ ဆက်လက်ရှင်သန်ရေး၊ နိုင်ငံတကာ တရားဝင်မှုနဲ့ ရေပေါ်ဆီ လူနည်းစုအလွှာရဲ့ အကျိုးစီးပွားတွေကို ဦးစားပေးချင်တာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ အများပြည်သူကို အကျိုးဖြစ်တဲ့ စီးပွားရေး နာလန်ထရေး ဒါမှမဟုတ် လူမှုဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးတို့ကို ဦးစားမပေးပါဘူး။ - [ကျနော်တို့ အညာမှာ ဒီလိုပဲ ရှိတယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250925_ispc077/) - ကျနော်တို့ အိမ်လည်း ဖျက်ဆီးခံရတဲ့ထဲ ပါသွားပြီလို့ သတင်းပေးကြတယ်။ ဘယ်သူ့ကိုရယ်လို့ မဟုတ်၊ အဆောက်အအုံ နည်းနည်းကောင်းနေတယ်ဆိုရင် တော်လှန်ရေးဘက်က ပုန်းခိုနိုင်တယ်ဆိုပြီး သူတို့ စက်တပ်လေထီးနဲ့ မျက်စိထဲမြင်သမျှကို ဗုံးချသွားတာပဲ။ အဲဒီတော့ ရွာဦးဘုန်းကြီးကျောင်းရယ်၊ စာသင်ကျောင်းရယ်၊ ရွာထဲက အိမ်ကြီးတွေနဲ့ သူ့ဘေးပတ်လည်က အိမ်တွေ အကုန်ထိတော့ပါပဲ။ - [အာဏာရှင်စနစ်၏ အောင်မြင်သောထုတ်ကုန် စစ်ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီးများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250923_ispc076/) - စစ်တပ်က ပုံစံချလို့မရတဲ့၊ အဆိပ်အတောက်တွေကိုမစားသုံးတဲ့ မအောင်မြင်သောထုတ်ကုန်တွေက ဒီနေရာဒီရာထူးကို ဘယ်သောအခါမှ မရောက်နိုင်ပါဘူး။ နှစ်ကာလ ကြာရှည်စွာ စစ်ဆေးမှုစံနှုန်းအဆင့်ဆင့်၊ ဆန်ခါအဆင့်ဆင့်ကို အောင်အောင်မြင်မြင်ဖြတ်သန်းပြီးမှ ရောက်ရှိလာတယ်ဆိုတာကို သတိမမေ့ဖို့ လိုအပ်ပါတယ်။ - [ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး ငါးဦးကျန် ဘယ်သူတင်ကျန်မလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250918_ispc075/) - မထင်မှတ်တာတွေ ထလုပ်တတ်ပြီး အရည်အချင်းထက် သစ္စာခံနိုင်မှုကိုသာ အလေးပေးတတ်တဲ့ စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်ကြောင့် စစ်ကော်မရှင်ကပြုလုပ်မယ့် ရွေးကောက်ပွဲမတိုင်မီနဲ့ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲအလွန်ကာလတွေမှာ စစ်တပ်တွင်းရာထူးနေရာများစွာဟာ မထင်မှတ်တဲ့ အပြောင်းအလဲတွေ ဖြစ်ပေါ်အုံးမှာ အသေအချာဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ - [ကျမတို့သည် သစ်ကုလားအုတ်များ မဟုတ်ပါ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250916_ispc074/) - ကောင်းကင်ကြီးက ကြည်လင်နေကာ ကြယ်ကလေးများ တလုံးနှစ်လုံးပင်မြင်နေရသည်။ မူ့ဖော်ကတော့ နေ့လယ်က အဖြစ်အပျက်ကို တွေးမိကာ ငြိမ်နေမိသည်။ ထို့နောက်မှ သတိရသွားကာ “ဂျရာ့ဖ်ဆိုတာဘာလဲသိလား” ဟူ၍ ဘူးမြာကို မေးမိသည်။ ဘူးမြာကတော့ အဝေးရှိ အမှောင်ထုကို ငေးလျက်နှင့်ပင် “သစ်ကုလားအုတ်ကိုခေါ်တာ”ဟု ခပ်လေးလေးပြောသည်။ မူ့ဖော်၏ ပါးနှစ်ဖက်တွင် ပူခနဲဖြစ်သွားသည်။ - [ဘီယာမရှိသော ရခိုင်ပြည်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250911_ispc073/) - တောအရက်အနည်းငယ်ကို လက်ညှိုးမှာ ဆွတ်ပြီး မီးရှို့ကြည့်တဲ့အခါ ဟုန်းခနဲ မီးထတောက်တတ်ပါတယ်။ ဒီလို မီးလောင်ကျွမ်းနေတာဟာ မက်သနောဓာတ်များစွာပါနေတဲ့ အဆိပ်ငွေ့ဖြစ်တယ်...ဆိုတော့ မိတ်ဆွေတို့ အာရက္ခဒေသသို့ အလည်လာခဲ့ရင် ရှိတာလေးနဲ့ပဲ တည်ခင်းဧည့်ခံပါရစေလို့… ။ - [အိုးစားဖက်ကို ဘယ်လိုရွေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250909_ispc072/) - စစ်မျက်နှာ ပတ်လည်ဝိုင်းနေဆဲ စစ်ကော်မရှင်ဟာ စစ်မြေပြင်မှာ ဘယ်တပ်ဖွဲ့တွေနဲ့ လက်တွဲတိုက်မလဲဆိုတာ စံနှုန်းသုံးချက်နဲ့ ရွေးချယ်နေတယ်လို့ အနုမာနပြုချင်ပါတယ်။ ဒီစံနှုန်းတွေကတော့ စစ်ကော်မရှင်တပ်နဲ့ စစ်စီးပွားရေးအရ ကျေးဇူးခံ-ကျေးဇူးစား ဆက်ဆံရေး နက်နက်ရှိုင်းရှိုင်းရှိိနေတာ၊ သက်ဆိုင်ရာဒေသမှာ အာဏာကို အပြည့်အဝခြေကုပ်ယူထားနိုင်တာနဲ့ စစ်ကော်မရှင်ရဲ့ နိုင်ငံရေးဇာတ်ညွှန်းအတိုင်းသာ လိုက်ပါကပြတာတွေပဲ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ - [KNU ကို စစ်ကော်မရှင်က အကြမ်းဖက်အုပ်စုအဖြစ် ကြေညာခြင်း - သိသင့်သော အချက်ငါးချက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250903_ispc070/) - KNU ဟာ ... အခုကြေညာချက်ကို ခြိမ်းခြောက်မှုတခုအဖြစ် ယူဆမယ်မထင်ပါဘူး။ ဒါကို စည်းကြပ်ဖို့ဆိုရင် ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံလို အိမ်နီးချင်းတွေရဲ့အကူအညီနဲ့ ပူးပေါင်းမှုလိုပါတယ်။ အင်တာပိုလို အဖွဲ့တွေကိုလည်း စစ်ကော်မရှင်ကတောင်းဆိုမှာပါ။ နိုင်ငံတကာပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်မှုရှိလာရင် KNU အဖွဲ့ဝင်တွေရဲ့ ခရီးသွားလာရေး၊ ဘဏ်ငွေကြေးပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုများအပေါ် တင်းကျပ်လာဖွယ်ရှိပါတယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ ဒီလိုဖြစ်ဖို့ အလားအလာနည်းပါတယ်။ - [ရှန်ဟိုင်းပူးပေါင်းအဖွဲ့ (SCO) ဝင်ဖြစ်ရေး စစ်ကော်မရှင်၏ ကြိုးပမ်းမှု - ပြည်တွင်းပြည်ပ သက်ရောက်နိုင်ခြေများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250905_ispc071/) - တော်လှန်ရေးလက်နက်ကိုင် အင်အားစုတွေအတွက်တော့ ဒါဟာ စိန်ခေါ်မှုတရပ် ဖြစ်စေပါတယ်။ တကယ်လို့သာ ဒီမိုကရေစီနဲ့ လူ့အခွင့်အရေးအတွက် သူတို့ရဲ့ မျှော်မှန်းချက် တောင်းဆိုမှုတွေကို ပိုပြီးအသံမမြှင့်နိုင်ဘူးဆိုရင် စစ်ကော်မရှင်ဟာ SCO ကို အသုံးချပြီး ပြည်သူ့ကာကွယ်ရေးတပ်ဖွဲ့နဲ့ တော်လှန်ရေးလှုပ်ရှားမှုတခုလုံးကိုပါ အကြမ်းဖက်တံဆိပ် ကပ်လာပါလိမ့်မယ်။ အိမ်နီးချင်းနိုင်ငံတွေအတွက်လည်း အကြမ်းဖက်မှုတွေ ဖြစ်လာမယ်ဆိုပြီး ခြိမ်းခြောက်လာနိုင်ပါတယ်။ - [ရယ်စရာပြောတာ မရယ်လိုက်ရဘူး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250828_ispc069/) - တပ်ဖွဲ့တခုရဲ့ ခေါင်းဆောင်လုပ်သူဟာ တပ်ဖွဲ့ရဲဘော်တွေအတွက် ကျည်ကာဦးထုပ်ဝယ်မပေးဘဲ သူစီးတဲ့ကားကို ကျည်ကာတပ်ပါသတဲ့။ သူ့တပ်ဖွဲ့က ရဲဘော်တဦး ခေါင်းကို ကျည်ဆန်မှန်ပြီး ကျဆုံးတော့ ရဲဘော်လေးရဲ့ အသုဘအခမ်းအနားကို အဲဒီတပ်ဖွဲ့ခေါင်းဆောင်လုပ်သူက ကျည်ကာကားကြီးစီးပြီး ရောက်လာပါသတဲ့။ - [မြန်မာပြည်တွင် ရှင်သန်ရခြင်း၏ ဝန်ထုပ်ဝန်ပိုး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250826_ispc068/) - စစ်ကော်မရှင်အနေနဲ့ စစ်မှုထမ်းခိုင်းတဲ့အရသာကို ခံတွင်းတွေ့သွားပါပြီ။ အခုဆို အမျိုးသမီးစစ်မှုထမ်း အပတ်စဥ်တစ်ကိုတောင် စခေါ်လိုက်ပါသေးတယ်။ ဒါတွေကိုကြည့်ရင် ရွေးကောက်ပွဲအလွန်မှာလည်း စစ်မှုထမ်းကိစ္စကို ဖြေလျှော့ဖို့ မရှိနိုင်ပါဘူး။ ပဋိပက္ခအရှိန်လျော့ကျ(conflict de-escalation) လာရင်တော့ လူငယ်တွေ စစ်မှုထမ်းအန္တရာယ်လျော့မယ့် အခြေအနေရှိပါတယ်။ - [တရုတ်-အမေရိကန် မြေရှားလိုအင်နှင့် နယ်ရုပ်မြန်မာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250822_ispc067/) - အမေရိကန်ကိုသာ တင်ပို့နိုင်ရင် လက်ရှိမှာ တရုတ်နိုင်ငံစျေးကွက်ကိုပဲ မှီခိုနေရတဲ့ မြန်မာ့မြေရှားသတ္တုတွေ စျေးပိုရနိုင်မယ်၊ ကချင်ပြည်နယ်က မြေရှားသတ္တုတွင်းတွေကို ထိန်းချုပ်ထားတဲ့ ကချင်လွတ်လပ်ရေးတပ်မတော် (KIA) လို တော်လှန်ရေးအဖွဲ့တွေအတွက် တရုတ်နိုင်ငံကို မှီခိုရတာ လျှော့နိုင်မယ်လို့ ယူဆကြတာတွေ ရှိပါတယ်။ - [ဆက်သွယ်မှုကျိန်စာသင့် ရခိုင်ပြည်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250819_ispc066/) - ပြည်သူထောက်ခံမှုရှိနေတဲ့ တော်လှန်ရေးအစိုးရတရပ်အနေနဲ့ ဆက်သွယ်ရေးလိုင်း၊ ဖုန်းလိုင်း၊ အင်တာနက်လိုင်း စတဲ့ ဆက်သွယ်ရေး နား၊ မျက်စိတွေကို ရခိုင်ပြည်သူတိုင်း လက်လှမ်းမီစေဖို့ (ဆိုးကျိုးမဖြစ်စေဘဲ) လွတ်လွတ်လပ်လပ် အသုံးပြုခွင့်ရအောင် ကြိုးပမ်းသင့်ပါတယ်။ - [ဗျူဟာမြောက် မြန်မာ့မြေရှား အိန္ဒိယဆီ သွားနိုင်မလား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250815_ispc065/) - မြန်မာ့မြေရှားသတ္တုတွေကို အမေရိကန်က မျက်စိကျနေချိန်မှာ ကွတ်အုပ်စု (Quad) ရဲ့ အဖွဲ့ဝင်ဖြစ်တဲ့ အိန္ဒိယအနေနဲ့ အရင်းအမြစ်ပြုပြင်ရေး၊ သန့်စင်ထားတဲ့ မြေရှားသတ္တုတွေကို အမေရိကန်နိုင်ငံဆီ တင်ပို့နိုင်ရေးအတွက် ကြားခံအဖြစ် ဆောင်ရွက်နိုင်မှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ - [စစ်ကြောင့်ကြေရသော မျိုးစေ့နှင့် ကျေးလက်ယဉ်ကျေးမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250812_ispc064/) - တောင်သူမိသားစုအချင်းချင်း ကောက်ပဲသီးနှံမျိုးစေ့တွေ လဲလှယ်တာနဲ့ ချစ်ကြည်ရင်းနှီးစွာ ကိုယ့်လယ်ကိုယ့်ယာ၊ ကိုယ့်အခင်းကိုယ့်ခြံတွေမှာ တဦးနဲ့ တဦး လုပ်အားပေးကြတဲ့ ဓလေ့တွေဟာလည်း စစ်ပွဲကြောင့် ပျက်ကုန်ပါတယ်။ - [စစ်ကော်မရှင်၏ မျှော့ကြိုးဥပဒေများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250805_ispc063/) - ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကာကွယ်ရေးဥပဒေမှာပါတဲ့ ပြစ်ဒဏ်တွေဟာ သာမန်အချိန်မှာ ကျူးလွန်တဲ့ ပြစ်မှုတွေအတွက် ချမှတ်တဲ့ ပြစ်ဒဏ်တွေထက် ပိုပြင်းထန်ပါတယ်... ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကို ငြိမ်းချမ်းစွာ ဆန့်ကျင်လိုတဲ့ လူပုဂ္ဂိုလ်တွေ၊ အစုအဖွဲ့တွေကို ရာဇသံ ပေးလိုက်တာလို့လည်း ဆိုနိုင်ပါတယ်။ - [စစ်ကောင်စီမှသည် စစ်ကော်မရှင်သို့ - စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်၏ အာဏာကစားပွဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250801_ispc062/) - စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်ဟာ အာဏာသိမ်းပြီး လေးနှစ်ခွဲအကြာမှာတော့ နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ(စစ်ကောင်စီ)ဆိုတဲ့နာမည်ကို အဆုံးသတ်လိုက်ပြီး နာမည်သစ်နဲ့ ပြန်လည်ဖွဲ့စည်းလိုက်ပါပြီ။ ဒါကတော့ 'နိုင်ငံတော်လုံခြုံရေးနဲ့ အေးချမ်းသာယာရေးကော်မရှင်'ဆိုတာပါပဲ။ သူ့ကိုလည်း အရင်အတိုင်းပဲ စစ်ကော်မရှင်လို့ ခေါ်နေကြပါတယ်။ တခါ ကာလုံအတွက် ရာထူးအသစ်ဖန်တီးခန့်ထားလိုက်ပြန်ပါတယ်။ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအစိုးရ (NUG)ကို ပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲဖို့ တိုက်တွန်းသံတွေ တော်လှန်ရေးအင်အားစုတွေအကြား ကျယ်ကျယ်လောင်လောင် ထွက်ပေါ်ချိန်မှာ စစ်ကောင်စီက အပြောင်းအလဲကို အရင်လုပ်လိုက်တာပါ။ ဒါဟာ သူစီစဉ်ထားတဲ့ အချိန်ဇယားအရလို့လည်း ယူဆနိုင်ပါတယ်။​ စစ်ကောင်စီရဲ့ အခုအပြောင်းအလဲဟာ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကို စိတ်တိုင်းကျ ကျင်းပနိုင်ဖို့နဲ့ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲအလွန် အာဏာဆက်ကိုင်ထားနိုင်ဖို့အတွက် စနစ်တကျ ပြင်ထားတာကို မြင်ရပါတယ်။ ကာလုံလို့ အတိုကောက်ခေါ်တဲ့ အမျိုးသားကာကွယ်ရေးနဲ့ လုံခြုံရေးကောင်စီကို အာဏာသုံးရပ်ဖြစ်တဲ့ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး၊ ဥပဒေပြုရေးနဲ့ တရားစီရင်ရေးတွေကို ပြန်အပ်လိုက်ပြီလို့ ဆိုပါတယ်။ ဒီပြောင်းလဲလိုက်တဲ့ ပုံစံအသစ်ကို လည်ပတ်ဖို့ ယန္တရားလေးခု - [စစ်ကောင်စီရွေးကောက်ပွဲ ဦးသိန်းစိန် ၂.၀ ဖြစ်မလာနိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250729_ispc061/) - စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်က အုပ်စီးထားပြီး စစ်ဘက်နဲ့ အရပ်ဘက်ကို အသွင်ပြောင်းလူခွဲကစားကြမယ့် အခင်းအကျင်းမျိုးပဲ ဖြစ်လာမှာပါ။ ဒီရွေးကောက်ပွဲကို ဝင်ပြိုင်ကြမယ့် ပြည်တွင်းနိုင်ငံရေးပါတီတွေအနေနဲ့လည်း ‘ဦးသိန်းစိန် ၂.၀’ လို အခင်းအကျင်းမျိုး မျှော်လင့်ထားရင်တော့ မှားကြပါလိမ့်မယ်။ - [ကိုယ့်လုပ်အားဟာ မတရားမှုအတွက် တံခါးမဖြစ်စေပါနှင့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250725_ispc060/) - အလုပ်ခေါ်သူကို တယ်လီဂရမ်ကတဆင့်သာ ဆက်သွယ်ခဲ့ရပြီး လုပ်ငန်းရှင်ဘက်က လုပ်ငန်းအကြောင်း ရှင်းရှင်းလင်းလင်း မပြော။ ဝေဝါးနေတယ်။​ အလုပ်လျှောက်တဲ့ လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်အစမှာပဲ ပတ်စ်ပို့၊ Facebook ပရိုဖိုင်နဲ့ ကိုယ်ရေးကိုယ်တာပုံတွေကို တောင်းခံခဲ့တယ်။​ - [တော်လှန်ရေးကာလ နိုင်ငံရေးဘောဂဗေဒရထားကြီး ဘယ်ဆီမောင်းနေလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250722_ispc059/) - မှောင်ခိုစီးပွားရေးလည်း ကြောက်ခမန်းလိလိကို ကြီးထွားလာခဲ့ပါတယ်။ နဂိုကတည်းက ဒီလုပ်ငန်းတွေ အမြစ်တွယ်တည်ရှိနေခဲ့ပေမဲ့ အခုကာလမှာတော့ မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးထုတ်လုပ်မှု၊ အွန်လိုင်းလိမ်လည်မှု၊ လူကုန်ကူးမှုနဲ့ လောင်းကစားတွေရဲ့ အခန်းကဏ္ဍက အပြိုင်းအရိုင်းနဲ့ ထွားကျိုင်းလာခဲ့တာပါ။ - [စစ်နွံထဲက ပြည်သူ၊ ပြည်သူထဲက မျှော်လင့်ချက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250719_ispc058/) - ပစ္စည်းဥစ္စာတွေ ပေါင်နှံရောင်းချ နေကြရတာ၊ မိသားစုအတွင်း ကတောက်ကဆဖြစ်ပွားရမှုတွေနဲ့ နေ့စဉ်ရုန်းကန်နေရမှုတွေလည်း ရှိနေပါတယ်။ ဒီအခြေအနေထဲမှာ အများစုရဲ့ ဆန္ဒက စစ်ရေးအောင်မြင်မှုတွေအပြင် သူတို့ရဲ့ နေ့စဉ်ဘဝတည်ငြိမ်အေးချမ်းရေးနဲ့ စီးပွားရေးလုပ်ငန်းတွေ ပြန်လည်လည်ပတ်နိုင်ရေးတို့ ဖြစ်တယ်... - [နှစ်ပေါင်းနှစ်ရာ ပြည့်တော့မည့် အထီးကျန်မြို့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250716_ispc057/) - လက်နက်နဲ့ အာဏာကိုပြကာ ကျောမွဲတွေဆီက ရသမျှခြစ်ထုတ် အမြတ်ယူကြသူတွေက ရာထူး၊ ဂုဏ်ရှိန်အတွက် မြို့ကလေးကို ညှဉ်းပန်းကြတယ်၊ မြို့ခံတွေ မွဲပြာကျတယ်။ ကျောင်းတွေ အဓမ္မဖွင့်တယ်၊ မြို့ခံတွေ ငတ်ပြတ်ကြတယ်။ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးရုံးတွေ အဓမ္မဖွင့်ကြတယ်၊ မြို့ခံတွေ မျက်ရည်ကျကြတယ်၊ အဓမ္မသတင်းစာတွေထဲ မြို့ကလေးရဲ့ ရိက္ခာတွေပါလာတတ်တယ်။ - [ကြံ့ကြီးဘယ်ရောက်သွားလဲ - ခြေရာလည်းပျောက်၊ ရေလည်းနောက် ဓားစာခံဘဝများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250714_ispc056/) - ဒီအရပ်မှာ ပြောစမှတ်တခုက ဘာလဲဆိုတော့ ကျားဖြန့်ဖမ်းပွဲကြီးလာတော့ တရုတ်တွေ အထုပ်အပိုးတွေထမ်းပြီး ပြေးကြသတဲ့။ ... လေးငါးရက်လောက်နေတော့ အထုပ်အပိုး တွေနဲ့ပဲ သူတို့ ပြန်ရောက်လာကြသတဲ့။ လက်ထဲမှာ မြန်မာမှတ်ပုံတင်ကတ်ကလေးတွေတောင် အဆစ်ပါလာကြသေးဆိုပဲ။ - [တော်လှန်ရေးအတွင်း မျက်ခြည်မပြတ်သင့်သော ဇာတ်ကွက်များ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250711_ispc055/) - ဖြစ်ရပ်ကို ပုံဖော်တဲ့ ဇာတ်လမ်းတွေက လှည့်စားနိုင်စွမ်းရှိတာကြောင့် နိုင်ငံရေး မျက်နှာစာမှာ ဒီဇာတ်လမ်းတွေက ဖြစ်ရပ်ထက် ပိုပြီး ကြောက်စရာကောင်းပါတယ်။ လူတွေရဲ့ စိတ်ကို မသိမသာလေး လှည့်စားသွားနိုင်ပါတယ်။ ... လူအများအကြား ဝေဝါးမှုတွေ ဖြစ်လာစေပါတယ်။ - [ပညာရှာ ပိုက်ဆံဘယ်မှာလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250707_ispc054/) - ရန်ကုန်လို စစ်ဘေးကင်း လုံခြုံတဲ့နေရာက ကလေးငယ်တွေရဲ့ ပညာရေးအခြေအနေကို အခုလိုတွေးမိတော့ စစ်မီးလျှံကြား၊ ဗုံးကြဲလေယာဉ်တွေကြားထဲ စာသင်ရင်း ဗုံးခိုကျင်းထဲပြေးကြရတဲ့ ကလေးငယ်တွေရဲ့ဘဝတွေဟာ ကျမမျက်စိထဲ ရောင်ပြန်ဟပ်ပြီး မျက်ရည်ဝိုင်းလာပါတော့တယ်။ - [ကိုယ့်ဓားဖြင့်ကိုယ် တရားစီရင်စရာမလိုသောစနစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250704_ispc053/) - ဘယ်သူတွေက ဘယ်တရားစီရင်ရေးစနစ်ကို အခြေခံပြီး လည်ပတ်ကြမလဲဆိုတာမျိုးတွေ တိတိကျကျ မဖော်ဆောင်နိုင်သေးသရွေ့ ပြည်သူတွေကတော့ လူမှုပြစ်ဒဏ်ကိုပဲ မရှိသုံး သုံးနေကြရဦးမယ့်သဘော ရှိပါတယ်။ ကိစ္စတခုခု၊ ဖြစ်ရပ်တခုခုပေါ်ပေါက်လာရင် ဆိုရှယ်မီဒီယာမှာ ဝိုင်းအော်ကြ၊ ဝိုင်းဝန်းမျှဝေကြတာကလည်း ဒီသဘောပါပဲ။ - [လူမှုပြစ်ဒဏ်၊ လူမှုတရားမျှတရေးနှင့် လူအုပ်စုလိုက် စုန်းဖမ်းဓလေ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250701_ispc052/) - တရားရေးကို အားကိုးမရတဲ့အခင်းအကျင်းမှာ လူမှုပြစ်ဒဏ်ကို သုံးကြရမှာဖြစ်တယ်။ ဒါပေမဲ့ social punishment အစား ဆိုရှယ်မီဒီယာ သိက္ခာချဆွမ်းကြီးလောင်းခြင်းနဲ့ လူအုပ်ဖွဲ့ စုန်းဖမ်းပွဲပဲဖြစ်ရင် ကျူးလွန်ခံရသူအတွက် survivor-centered ချဉ်းကပ်မှုဟာလည်း အနှစ်သာရ ပျက်စီးသွားပါလိမ့်မယ်။ - [စီသုံးဦးနေသော အိမ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250623_ispc050/) - စီဒီအမ် ဥပဒေ ထွက်လာချိန်မှာ ပိုနေမြဲ ကျားနေမြဲ ကျမနဲ့ စီဒီအမ်လုပ်ရင်း အကျိုးရှိသွားတဲ့ အစ်မက လူ့အခွင့်အရေးတွေနဲ့ ချိန်ထိုးပြီး ဒီဥပဒေကို ဝေဖန်ဖြစ်ကြပေမဲ့ နစ်နာခဲ့ရသူ အစ်မရှေ့မှာတော့ ပြောမထွက်ပါဘူး။ - [တောင်တောရယ်သာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250625_ispc051/) - အရှေ့အလယ်ပိုင်းနိုင်ငံတွေကို အနောက်နိုင်ငံတွေက အာရုံစိုက်ပေမဲ့ မြန်မာ့အရေးမှာတော့ ထဲထဲဝင်ဝင်ပါဝင်နေတဲ့ ကမ္ဘာ့အင်အားကြီးနိုင်ငံဆိုလို့ တရုတ်တနိုင်ငံပဲရှိပါတယ် ... ဒီတော့ ကြိုက်ကြိုက်မကြိုက်ကြိုက် မြန်မာ့အရေးမှာ တရုတ်နိုင်ငံရဲ့ ပါဝင်နေမှုကို ဘယ်လိုနားလည်ကြမလဲ၊ ဘယ်လိုအသုံးချနိုင်မလဲဆိုတာက အရေးကြီးပါတယ်။ - [ရှေ့တိုးထမ်းပိုး နောက်ဆုတ်လှည်းထုပ်၊ အလွတ်မရှိသော ဘ၀များ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250620_ispc049/) - လူထုကတော့ ချီးကျူးစရာ ဆိုပေမဲ့ ရေကြီးလည်း သူ၊ ငလျင်လှုပ်လည်း သူ၊ ရွာက ပညာရေးနဲ့ ကျန်းမာရေး၊ သာရေးနာရေး ဆက်ကြေးလည်း သူဆိုတော့ လူမင်း မကယ်နိုင်၊ နန္ဒာလှိုင် မကယ်နိုင် ဖြစ်နေတယ်။ ဒီကြားထဲ ‘သူချစ်ခင်’ ကားကလေး ကြည့်မိတာ ‘ပေါကား၊ တောသား’ ဆိုပြီး ပြောခံရသေးတယ်။ - [ပလ္လင်ကို ပြောင်းပြန်လှန်တော့ ဇောက်ထိုးကြီး ဖြစ်ရုံပေါ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250618_ispc048/) - မိနန်းတို့ကို အရေးယူမည်ဆိုသည်ကား တလရနှင့် မအလကို တန်းညှိလိုက်သည်သို့။ တစ်ယောင်ဆောင်ထားသော ဘူတွေပေလော။ မင်းလုပ်သလို ငါတို့လည်းပြန်လုပ်မည်ဟူသည့် လက္ခဏာ။ - [​စစ်သုံ့ပန်းများကို မည်သို့တရားစီရင်မည်နည်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250616_ispc047/) - နှစ်ဖက်စလုံးက သူသေကိုယ်သေ ရင်ဆိုင်တိုက်ခဲ့ပြီးမှ ဖမ်းမိတာ၊ လက်နက်ချတာဖြစ်လို့ ဒေါသတွေလည်း အနည်မကျသေးပါဘူး။ တိုက်ပွဲအတွင်းမှာ ကိုယ့်ဘက်က အဖိတ်အစဉ်ရှိခဲ့ရင် ပိုဆိုးပါလိမ့်မယ်။ - [တော်လှန်ကာလ၊ တော်လှန်ရေးနှင့် လိင်အကြမ်းဖက်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250613_ispc046/) - ကျူးလွန်သူကို ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်ရေးနဲ့မရောထွေးစေဘဲ ပြတ်ပြတ်သားသား အရေးယူဆောင်ရွက်ပါမှ ကျူးလွန်ခံရသူအတွက် စစ်မှန်တဲ့ တရားမျှတမှုဖြစ်သလို နောင်ဖြစ်လာမယ့် အမှုတွေကိုလည်း ကာကွယ်နိုင်မယ်လို့ ယူဆပါတယ်။ ဒါ့အပြင် ကျူးလွန်ခံရသူကို victim blaming မလုပ်ကြဘဲ စိတ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာအရ ပြန်လည်ထူထောင်နိုင်စေဖို့ အကောင်းဆုံး ဆက်ပြီးကူညီပေးရမှာပါ။ - [ရန်ကုန်၏ အခြားမျက်နှာစာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250609_ispc045/) - နိုင်ငံက အရင်လိုအခြေအနေ လွယ်လွယ်နဲ့ ပြန်ရောက်မလာနိုင်တာကို နိုင်ငံရေးနားမလည်တဲ့သူတောင် သိပါတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့်လည်း ရေနွေးအိုးထဲ အထည့်ခံရတဲ့ ဖားတွေလို မသေမချင်း ဒီအိုးထဲမှာပဲ ပျော်ပျော်ကြီး ကူးခတ်နေကြတာ ဖြစ်မယ်။ - [ပိုဆင်းရဲလာသော ရန်ကုန်နှင့် ...](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250606_ispc044/) - ရန်ကုန်ဟာ အနယ်နယ်အရပ်ရပ်က ပြည်သူတွေအတွက် ကျောတခင်းစာနားခိုရာ ဖြစ်နေသေးပေမဲ့ အေးမြတဲ့ အရိပ်တော့ မဟုတ်ပါဘူး ... ဒါပေမဲ့ နဂိုကတည်းက ဖွံ့ဖြိုးမှုနည်းပါးတဲ့ ဒေသတွေ၊ စစ်ဘေးသင့် ဒေသတွေမှာတော့ မတွေးဝံ့ရဲလောက်အောင် ကျပ်တည်းဆင်းရဲနေပါတယ်။ - [ငါကြီးလာရင်… မပြည့်စုံတော့တဲ့ ဝါကျများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250602_ispc043/) - လွတ်မြောက်နယ်မြေက ဗုံးခိုကျင်းထဲမှာ ကြောက်ရွံ့နေရတဲ့ ကလေးငယ်တွေရဲ့ မျက်လုံးတွေနဲ့ စစ်ကောင်စီထိန်းချုပ်ရာဒေသက ပန်းကုံးတွေ၊ ရေဘူးတွေ၊ စားဖွယ်တွေကို ရောင်းနေရတဲ့ ကလေးငယ်တွေရဲ့ လက်တွေဟာ မြန်မာပြည်ရဲ့ ပုံရိပ်ဖြစ်နေပါတယ်။ - [CDM နှင့် Non-CDM - မြန်မာပြည်၏ အနာဂတ် လူဖြူလူမည်း ပြဿနာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250310_ispc016/) - တော်လှန်ရေးအင်အားစုတွေမှာ နယ်မြေစိုးမိုးမှုတွေ ကျယ်ပြန့်လာပြီး သူတို့ယန္တရားအတွက် CDM အကူအညီကို တောင်းခံနေကြတာတွေ ရှိပါတယ်။ တချို့နယ်တွေမှာ Non–CDM တွေကို ပြန်လည်ခန့်အပ်မှုဟာ CDM တွေ အပြင်းအထန်ကန့်ကွက်စေတဲ့အရာတွေ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ CDM တွေဟာ သူတို့(Non- CDM) တွေနဲ့ အလုပ်ပြန်တွဲလုပ်လိုစိတ် မရှိကြပါဘူး။ - [ဝပ်ကျင်းလေလော၊ နေအိမ်လော](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250601_ispc042/) - အဆောင်နေသူတို့ရဲ့ဘဝတွေအကြောင်း၊ အဆောင်လုပ်ငန်းတွေအကြောင်း ဘယ်ဝန်ကြီး၊ ဘယ်ဌာန၊ ဘယ်ကိုယ်စားလှယ်က ဆွေးနွေးပြောဆိုခဲ့တယ်ဆိုတာကို မကြားခဲ့ရပါဘူး။ လူတယောက် နေထိုင်ဖို့အတွက် အဆောက်အအုံဟာ သင့်လျော်တဲ့ အခင်းအကျင်း၊ ဖွဲ့စည်းမှု၊ ကြံ့ခိုင်မှု စတဲ့ လူမှုရေး၊ ကျန်းမာရေး၊ လုံခြုံရေးကြပ်မတ်မှုတွေလည်း ရှိပုံမပေါ်ပါဘူး။ - [အာဆီယံ-မြန်မာအရွေ့ ခက်ဖွယ် ခက်ဖွယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250528_ispc041/) - တကယ်တော့ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံကို ဗဟိုပြုပြီး ကမ္ဘာကြီးနဲ့ အာဆီယံက လည်ပတ်နေတာ မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ အခြား အရေးကြီးတဲ့ကိစ္စတွေ ဆွေးနွေးဖို့ များစွာရှိပါတယ်။ အထူးသဖြင့် အမေရိကန်သမ္မတ ထရန့်က သွင်းကုန်ခွန်တွေ ရာခိုင်နှုန်းမြင့်မားစွာ ချလိုက်တာကို ဘယ်လိုတုံ့ပြန်ကြမလဲဆိုတာ ခေါင်းကိုက်နေကြရပါတယ်။ - [ကြိုတင်တွေးဆ ဆင်ခြင်တဲ့အလေ့အထ လိုနေတဲ့ မြို့ပြခန့်ခွဲမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250526_ispc040/) - မြို့ကြီးတွေဟာ ငလျင်ဘေးအတွက် ထိခိုက်လွယ်လွန်းတယ်။ ရာသီဥတုဘေး ခံနိုင်ဖို့အတွက် အဆင်သင့်မဖြစ်သေးဘူး။ ရန်ကုန်မှာ မြေကျွံမှုတွေ၊ ရေကြီးမှုတွေက နောက်ပိုင်းခပ်စိပ်စိပ်။ လျော့ကျလာဖို့ ဝေလာဝေး၊ ပိုတိုးလာဖို့ပဲရှိတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် ကျနော်တို့ မြို့ကြီးတွေကို ဖြစ်သလို မဖွံ့ဖြိုးစေချင်တော့ဘူး။ - [ပြစ်ဒဏ်ခတ်တာ တရားမျှတဖို့အတွက် အဖြေလား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250523_ispc039/) - ပဋိပက္ခနဲ့ စစ်မက်တွေအကြား ထိခိုက်မှုများစွာနဲ့ နှစ်ရှည်လများဖြတ်သန်းလာတဲ့ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံထဲက လူထုအကြား တနေ့နေ့တချိန်ချိန် တရားမျှတမှုရှာဖွေကြ၊ အရေးဆိုကြရင် ပြစ်ဒဏ်ခတ်ခြင်းနည်းလမ်း(punitive justice) တခုတည်းကို စိတ်ခံစားချက်နောက်လိုက်ပြီး ရွေးချယ်ကြမှာ စိုးရိမ်မိပါတယ်။ - [ရေကြည်မြက်နု အိပ်မက်တုများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250521_ispc038/) - သမီးလေးကို သည်စစ်တလင်းပြင်နှင့်ဝေးရာတွင် ရှင်သန်စေချင်သည်။ လေယာဉ်သံကြားလျှင် မြေပြင်ပေါ်သို့ ဘယ်လို ပြားပြားဝပ်ရကြောင်း ကျောင်းသင်ခန်းစာထဲတွင် သင်ပြပေးနေရသည့်နေရာမျိုး၌ မကြီးပြင်းစေချင်။ ထိုသို့ဖြင့် လင်မယားနှစ်ယောက် ရေကြည်ရာမြက်နုရာရှာရန် ဆုံးဖြတ်ရသည်။ - [စီဒီအမ် သို့မဟုတ် မျှော်လင့်ချက်အလင်းရောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250519_ispc037/) - စီဒီအမ်လုပ်ခဲ့တာကြောင့်မလို့ ဘဝတွေ၊ မျှော်လင့်ချက်တွေ ကြွေလွင့်ခဲ့ရတာမဟုတ်ဘဲ အတင်းအဓမ္မ အာဏာသိမ်းခဲ့ခြင်းကြောင့်သာ ပြည်သူလူထုအနေနဲ့ နောက်ဆက်တွဲ လူမှုစီးပွားပြဿနာတွေ ရင်ဆိုင်ရတာဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ - [စီဒီအမ်အိပ်မက်နှင့် ကြွေလွင့်ခဲ့သောမျှော်လင့်ချက်များ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250512_ispc036/) - ကြွေလွင့်သွားရတဲ့ မျှော်လင့်ချက်တွေကို တစစီ လိုက်ကောက်နေရတဲ့ စီဒီအမ်ပြည်သူတွေအတွက် နောက်ထပ်အိပ်မက်အသစ်ကို ဘယ်လိုထုဆစ်ပေးနိုင်မလဲဆိုတာ စိန်ခေါ်မှုတခုအဖြစ် လက်ခံနေရပါတော့တယ်။ - [ပြေးရေးခက်ခက် - ပြည်ပရောက်မြန်မာများ၏ စစ်မှုထမ်းသောက](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250511_ispc035/) - အရင်တုန်းက ထိုင်းမှာ အကြောင်းအမျိုးမျိုးနဲ့ အဖမ်းခံရတဲ့မြန်မာတွေ စစ်ကောင်စီလက်ထဲ ပြန်လွှဲခံရတဲ့အခါ ကိုယ့်အစီအစဉ်နဲ့ကိုယ် လွတ်ရာကျွတ်ရာ သွားခွင့်ရှိပေမဲ့ အခု စစ်မှုထမ်းရောင်းစားတဲ့ဈေးကွက်နဲ့ စစ်မှုထမ်းလိုအပ်ချက် ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာချိန်မှာတော့ အလွှဲခံရတဲ့မြန်မာလူငယ်ဟာ ကိုယ့်ကိုယ်ကိုယ် ပိုက်ဆံနဲ့ ပြန်မရွေးထုတ်နိုင်ရင် စစ်မှုထမ်းသင်တန်းကျောင်း ရောက်တော့တယ်။ - [လမ်းပျောက်နေသော အနာဂတ်မဲ့ဘ၀](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250505_ispc034/) - စစ်ပွဲများအကြား ကိုယ်လွတ်ရုန်း ပြေးလွှားနေရသည့် သူတို့အဖို့ လက်ထဲတွင် ခြူးတပြားမှ ပါမလာ။ ဖုန်းလိုင်းပင်မမိသော အနေအထားတရပ်နှင့် ဖုန်းဆိုလျှင် ခလုတ်ပင် ကောင်းစွာမနှိပ်တတ်သော အဘိုးအဘွားများ၏ လက်ကိုင်ဖုန်းများပါမကျန် လုံခြုံရေးအကြောင်းပြချက်ဖြင့် သိမ်းယူသွားသည်။ - [ရခိုင်တော်လှန်ရေး လည်ပြန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250430_ispc033/) - စစ်ဘောင်ကျယ်လာခြင်းဟာ တစုံလုံးသော လူထုအတွက် ကောင်းမွန်တဲ့လက္ခဏာတခုတော့ ဟုတ်မနေပါဘူး။ လူထုအနေနဲ့ ဒီစစ်ရေးအောင်မြင်တာတခုကိုပဲမြင်ပြီး လူ့ရပိုင်ခွင့်နဲ့ တန်ဖိုး ချိုးဖောက်ခံရမှုတွေကို သင်ပုန်းချေ၊ ညီမျှခြင်းချလိုက်ရုံနဲ့ မပြီးဘူးဆိုတာပါပဲ။ - [အတိတ်ဒုက္ခ၊ ပစ္စုပ္ပန်ဒုက္ခ၊ အနာဂတ်ဒုက္ခ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250428_ispc032/) - ပြည်သူတွေရဲ့ဒုက္ခကို နိုင်ငံရေးအမြတ်ထုတ်ခဲ့ကြတာ ကြာခဲ့ပါပြီ။ ဒီပြည်သူလူထုဟာ ခဏလောက်ဖြစ်ဖြစ် ငြိမ်းငြိမ်းချမ်းချမ်းနေထိုင်ရခြင်းနဲ့ ထိုက်တန်ပါတယ်။ အခုလိုမျိုး လက်တွေ့ဒုက္ခရောက်နေတဲ့အချိန်မှာ လက်ရှိဒုက္ခကိုပဲ ဖြေရှင်းကြရအောင်ပါ။ အတိတ်ကိုကော၊ အနာဂတ်ကိုကော ခဏမေ့ထားကြပါမယ်။ ဒီလိုပြောလို့လည်း ဆဲကြ၊ ဆိုကြဦးမှာပါ။ သေချာပါတယ်။ - [အဖြေလွှာတွေ မီးလောင်တာ ကျောင်းသားတွေ အပြစ်လား](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250425_ispc031/) - ဒီဖြစ်စဉ်ရဲ့နောက်ကွယ်မှာ စီမံခန့်ခွဲမှု ... အားနည်းချက်တွေ၊ တာဝန်ယူမှု ကင်းမဲ့မှုတွေ၊ ပညာရေးရဲ့ အခြေခံသဘောတရားနဲ့ ကျောင်းသားတွေအပေါ် နားလည်မှု အားနည်းတာတွေ ထင်ထင်ရှားရှား ပေါ်လွင်နေပါတယ်။​ - [ဒီခေတ်ဆိုးကြီးကို မျှဝေခြင်းတရားနဲ့လည်း တွန်းလှန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250423_ispc030/) - “ဆရာဗန်းမော်က ‘ခေတ်ဝန်ကို ဘယ်လောက်ထမ်းခဲ့သလဲ’ ဆိုတာနဲ့ လူ့တန်ဖိုးကိုတိုင်းတာတယ်။ ဦးပဉ္စင်းကတော့ ‘ဘာကိုမှမမျှော်ကိုးဘဲ လူတွေအပေါ် မျှဝေလိုစိတ်’ကို စံသတ်မှတ်တယ်”လို့ မိန့်တယ်။ ပြိုင်တူတွန်းမှ ရွေ့မယ်။ တတ်နိုင်သူတွေ ပြိုင်တူမျှမှ အဆင်မပြေတဲ့ဘဝတွေ ထိနာရှနာ သက်သာရာရမယ်။ - [မြန်မာ့ငလျင်ဘေးနှင့် ယောင်ခြောက်ဆယ် စစ်ကောင်စီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250411_ispc029/) - စစ်ကောင်စီတပ်ဖွဲ့ဝင်တွေဟာ အုတ်ခဲတွေကို လက်ဆင့်ကမ်းသယ်လို့ကောင်းတုန်းပါပဲ။ စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်တွေကရော ဘာလုပ်ပါသလဲ။ ငလျင်ဘေးသင့် နေရာတွေကို လိုက်ကြည့်၊ ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးအဖွဲ့တွေကို လိုက်နှုတ်ဆက်၊ ဟိုယောင်ယောင်၊ ဒီယောင်ယောင်နဲ့ အာဝါဒါးလုပ်နေတာကိုပဲ အများဆုံးတွေ့ရပါတယ်။ - [လဲနေသူ ထူပေးပါ၊ ဂုဏ်လုပွဲဝင်ပြီး ဂုဏ်မဆာပါနှင့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/isp-column-20250409_ispc028/) - အခုလို ‘ပြန်လည်ထူထောင်ရေးကာလ’ မှာ ကျမတို့အားလုံးရဲ့ ကူညီငွေတွေဟာ အဟုတ်အမှန် အကျိုးရှိရှိ စီးဆင်းနိုင်ဖို့ စိစစ်သင့်ပါပြီ။ ဂုဏ်မလုကြဘဲနဲ့ ပြည်သူလူထုတရပ်လုံးက ဂုဏ်ပြုချင်စရာအကောင်းဆုံး အလှူဖြစ်အောင် အဓိကနဲ့ သာမညကို ပိုင်းခြားပြီး လှူဒါန်းသင့်ပါပြီ။ - [ငလျင်ဒဏ်ကြားက စိတ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ ထိခိုက်မှုများ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250407_ispc027/) - ကမ္ဘာ့အလယ်မှာ အထီးကျန်မှု၊ မေတ္တာငတ်မွတ်မှု၊ အကူအညီမဲ့မှု၊ ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာမဲ့မှု၊ ခွဲခြားဆက်ဆံခံရမှုတွေနဲ့ များစွာသော စိတ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာပြဿနာတွေကို ခံစားနေရတဲ့ မြန်မာပြည်သူတွေအတွက် ... သက်ဆိုင်ရာမူဝါဒချမှတ်သူတွေ၊ အဖွဲ့အစည်းတွေအနေနဲ့ အရေးတကြီး ထည့်သွင်းစဉ်းစားရတော့မယ့် အခြေအနေဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ - [လိုင်စင်ရလက်နက်ကိုင်အဖွဲ့တခုတော့ ပေါ်လာပြီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250226_ispc010/) - မြန်မာပြည်ထဲက သူ့အကျိုးစီးပွားတွေကို စစ်ကောင်စီတပ်တွေက ကာကွယ်မပေးနိုင်တော့ဘူးလို့ တရုတ်ကယုံကြည်ပြီးတဲ့နောက်မှာ သူ့ရဲ့လုံခြုံရေးကုမ္ပဏီတွေကို ပို့ချင်ခဲ့တာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ... အဖွဲ့စုံအရောင်စုံတိုက်နေတဲ့ မြန်မာ့ပြည်တွင်းစစ်မှာ မျက်နှာသစ်လက်နက်ကိုင်တွေ ထပ်တိုးလာပြီး အခြေအနေတွေ ပိုရှုပ်ထွေးလာမှာ သေချာနေပါတယ်။ - [မြန်မာ့ပေါ်ပြူလာကာချာ အဆိပ်မသင့်ပါစေနဲ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250228_ispc011/) - အဆင့်အတန်းနိမ့်တဲ့ ဖော်ပြမှုတွေကို ကောင်းပါတယ်၊ တော်ပါတယ်၊ ရယ်ရပါတယ်လို့ ထင်နေသေးတဲ့သူတွေ ရှိသေးတာကိုလည်း မမေ့ပါနဲ့။ သူတို့ကို ရှုတ်ချအပြစ်တင်မဲ့အစား ကျမတို့အနေနဲ့ လက်လှမ်းမီသလောက် အသိပညာလည်း ပေးသင့်သလို တဖက်ကလည်း ဒီလို အရည်အသွေးနိမ့်တဲ့ ဖန်တီးမှုတွေ ရပ်တန့်အောင်လို့ ဝိုင်းဝန်း ကြိုးပမ်းကြရပါမယ်။ - [ကျားဖြန့်ကွန်ရက် - မြန်မာနှင့် ဒေသတွင်းက ခြစားမှုအင်ပါယာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250219_ispc007/) - အရှေ့တောင်အာရှအတွင်းမှာ တရုတ်လူမျိုးတွေ ခေါင်းဆောင်တဲ့ ကျားဖြန့်ကွန်ရက်ဟာ ဆိုက်ဘာလိမ်လည်တဲ့ ရာဇဝတ်မှုတခုသာမကဘဲ ဒေသတွင်း ခြစားမှုပြဿနာလည်း ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ... တနေရာမှာ ဖြိုခွင်းလိုက်ရင် နောက်တနေရာကို ရွှေ့သွားပြီး နည်းပညာအသစ်တွေနဲ့ ပြန်ပေါ်လာပါလိမ့်မယ်။ - [ဇော်ဂျီမျှော်ရည်သော ပြည်ထောင်စု ဘယ်တုန်းကမှ မဖြစ်ခဲ့ပါ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250212_ispc005/) - အင်အားကြီးတိုင်း ကိုယ့်လူမျိုးရဲ့ ယဉ်ကျေးမှု၊ ဘာသာတရားနဲ့ သရုပ်သကန်ကို အင်အားနဲ့ ဖိပြီး ကျင့်သုံးစေတာက ပဒေသရာဇ်ခေတ်ရဲ့ သဘာဝပါ။ ပြည်ထောင်စုဆိုတဲ့ နာမ်ဟာ ဒီလိုရေခံမြေခံ၊ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်မျိုးမှာ ရှင်သန်နိုင်ဖို့ မရှိပါဘူး။ - [စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင် မဖွင့်ရဲသော တံခါးတချပ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250204_ispc002/) - ရွေးကောက်ပွဲသာ ဖြစ်မြောက်ခဲ့ရင် ချုပ်ကိုင်ထားတဲ့ အာဏာတွေကို ပြန်ခွဲပေးရမှာဖြစ်ပြီး ဒီအခါ ‘အာဏာစင်ပြိုင်’တွေ ပေါ်လာမှာဖြစ်တာကြောင့် ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကနေ အကျိုးအမြတ်အနည်းဆုံးရမှာက သူဖြစ်နေလို့ပါပဲ။ - [မြ၀တီတကြောက ကျားဖြန့်နှိမ်နင်းရေး - ကြံ့ကြီးတကောင်တော့ ပြေးလာနေပြီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/250127_ispc001/) - ဘယ်သူနဲ့ပေါင်းပြီး ဘယ်သူက ပစ်မှတ်ထားခံရမလဲ၊ ဘယ်သူ​တွေ ထိုးကျွေးခံရမလဲဆိုတာ စောင့်ကြည့်ရပါတော့မယ်။ - [မြန်မာ့အရေး သံဃာတော်တွေ ဘယ်လိုမြင်ကြသလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250305_ispc014/) - သံဃာအများစုဟာ စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှုကို အကောင်းမမြင်ကြပါဘူး။ ပြီးတော့ အခုစစ်ကောင်စီလက်ထက်မှာ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအပေါ် ကိုးကွယ်ယုံကြည်မှု၊ သံဃာထုအတွင်း စုစည်းညီညွတ်မှု၊ အစိုးရနဲ့ သံဃာအကြား ဆက်ဆံရေး ဒီသုံးချက်စလုံးဟာ ပျက်စီး ဒါမှမဟုတ် အားနည်းသွားတယ်လို့လည်း မြင်ကြပါတယ်။ - [နွေဦးရွက်သစ်တွေ ဘယ်တော့ဝေမလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250307_ispc015/) - ရိုးသားတဲ့စိတ်ဓာတ်အခံနဲ့ မြင့်မြတ်တဲ့ရည်ရွယ်ချက်တွေကြောင့် လူငယ်တွေရဲ့နွေဦးတိုက်ပွဲတွေဟာ အောင်ပွဲအလီလီရခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ...နွေဦးဟာ ရင့်မှည့်နေပါပြီ။ နွေဦးဟာ ခေါင်ဆောင်ကောင်းကို ဆာလောင်နေတာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ...နွေဦးခမျာ ပင်ပန်းနေရှာပါပြီ။ - [ရန်ပွဲထက်ပိုသော](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250312_ispc017/) - TNLA နဲ့ KIA ရဲ့ အငြင်းပွားမှုဟာ ဘုံရန်သူရှိလို့ ညီညွတ်ရမယ်ဆိုတဲ့ အပေါ်ယံဆန်ဆန် မှတ်ချက်တွေနဲ့ ဖုံးဖိလိုက်လို့ရမယ့် ကိစ္စမဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ ‘အရေးကြီးပြီ သွေးစည်းစို့’ တို့၊ ‘ဘုံရန်သူကို သိရမယ်’ တို့လို စကားလုံးတွေဟာ အရင်းခံတင်းမာမှုတွေကို မဖြေရှင်းနိုင်သေးတဲ့ကာလပတ်လုံးမှာ အထောက်အပံ့ မဖြစ်နိုင်ပါဘူး။ - [အညာဟာ အညာခံနေရသလား - အညာစစ်တမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250317_ispc019/) - အညာဟာ တော်လှန်ရေးကြာလာတာနဲ့အမျှ အပြောအဆိုခံ၊ အငြိုငြင်ခံလာရပါတယ်။ အငြိုငြင်ခံထိုက်လို့ ခံနေရတာလား၊ အညာသားတွေဟာ တော်လှန်ရေးအသုံးချ လုပ်စားနေကြတာလားဆိုတဲ့ မေးခွန်းတွေ တသီကြီး ထွက်လာပါလိမ့်မယ်။ - [ခဏနားပါ၊ ဆန်းစစ်ပါ၊ ပြီးမှ ဆက်တော်လှန်ပါ၊ ရှင်သန်ပါ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250303_ispc013/) - နိုင်ငံရေးစကားဝိုင်းတွေမဆိုထားနဲ့ လူမှုဆက်ဆံရေးတွေ၊ စကားဝိုင်းနဲ့ ဆွေးနွေးပွဲတွေ၊ ပဋိပက္ခဖြေရှင်းတာတွေမှာလည်း သည်းခံမှုတွေ လျော့နည်းလာကြတာ၊ နားလည်ပေးနိုင်မှု နည်းပါးလာကြတာ၊ စိတ်တိုလွယ်၊ စိတ်ဆတ်လွယ်လာကြတာ စတဲ့ စိတ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာဖိအားတွေ များပြားလာတာရဲ့ နောက်ဆက်တွဲအခြေအနေတွေ ခံစားနေကြရတာကို ပေါပေါများများ တွေ့မြင်လာရပါတယ်။ - [တုံ့ပြန်ခွင့်နှင့် စာပေကြိုးဝိုင်းထက်သို့ မျှော်ကြည့်လိုခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250319_ispc020/) - ပညာရပ်ဆိုင်ရာ အရေးအသားတွေအပြင် လူထုဆွေးနွေးပွဲတွေမှာလည်း တုံ့ပြန်ဆောင်းပါးရဲ့ အကျိုးသက်ရောက်မှုက ကြီးမားတယ်။ ... စာပေလွတ်လပ်ခွင့်နဲ့အညီ စာပေကြိုးဝိုင်းပေါ်မှာ ဝိတ်တန်းအရ လက်ညီရင်(တန်းတူအခွင့်အရေးနဲ့) ထိုးနှက်ခွင့်ပေးထားငြား ခါးအောက်ပိုင်းကို ထိုးနှက်မလာအောင်တော့ အယ်ဒီတာတွေက ဒိုင်သဖွယ်ပြု တားဆီးကာကွယ်ပေးဖို့ တာဝန်လည်း ယူကြရပါတယ်။ - [စစ်နှင့်ကျွမ်းဝင်ခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250321_ispc021/) - ပကဖ၊ ပလဖတွေရဲ့ အကြမ်းဖက်မှုတွေကို ကြားရတဲ့အခါ တော်လှန်ရေးရဲ့ တိမ်းညွတ်မှုဟာ မေးခွန်းထုတ်စရာ ဖြစ်လာပါတယ်။ ... စနစ်ချထားတဲ့ စစ်တပ်ရဲ့ စစ်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးနဲ့ စနစ်မချနိုင်သေးတဲ့ စစ်တပ်လေးတွေရဲ့ စစ်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအကြားမှာ ပြည်သူလူထုရဲ့ သည်းခံနိုင်စွမ်းဟာ နေ့တိုင်း အစမ်းသပ်ခံဖြစ်လာပါတယ်။ - [အပူဟူသမျှ အတူမျှကြမယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250404_ispc025/) - ဒုက္ခကြောင့်ဖြစ်တဲ့ မျက်ရည်စက်တွေကိုသာ အရောင်ခြယ်ပြီး သိမ်းထားလို့ရရင် ဒါက ရေကြီးတုန်းက၊ ဒါက မုန်တိုင်းတုန်းက၊ ဒါကတော့ အစုလိုက်အပြုံလိုက် အသတ်ခံရတုန်းက၊ ဒါက ရွာမီးရှို့ခံရတုန်းက၊ ဒါက ငလျင်တုန်းက၊ ဒါဟာ ဗုံးကြဲတုန်းကလို့ တကယ်ခြယ်ထားလိုက်ချင်မိတယ်။ - [ကျနော်တို့ဟာ ဆက်သွယ်မှုဧရိယာအပြင်ဘက်မှာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250406_ispc026/) - စစ်အာဏာရှင်အမြစ်တွယ်နေတဲ့ မြန်မာ့မြေဆီလွှာမှာတော့ ဆက်သွယ်ရေး၊ သတင်းအချက်အလက်နဲ့ နည်းပညာသစ်ပင်တွေ အညွန့်တုံးလို့နေပါတယ်။ဆက်သွယ်ရေး၊ သတင်းအချက်အလက်နဲ့ နည်းပညာရဲ့ အသီးအပွင့်ကို ဆာလောင်ငတ်မွတ်ရသူတွေလည်း တိုးလို့ပဲ လာနေပါတယ်။ - [ပြည်သူ့အသက်ကို ဦးစားပေးပါ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250401_ispc024/) - နိုင်ငံသားတွေအားလုံးရဲ့ အသက်ကို ကာကွယ်ဖို့က အဓိကဦးစားပေးဖြစ်သင့်တာပါ။ CDM ဝန်ထမ်းတွေကို ပြန်လည်ခေါ်ယူတာ၊ ပိတ်ထားတဲ့ ဆေးရုံတွေကို ပြန်ဖွင့်ခွင့်ပေးတာနဲ့ နိုင်ငံတကာအကူအညီတွေကို ထိထိရောက်ရောက် အသုံးချမှသာ ... မြန်မြန်ဆန်ဆန် ပြန်လည်ထူထောင်နိုင်မှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။​ - [အခြေခံအကျဆုံး လူမှုပြုပြင်ရေးတရား ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250326_ispc023/) - ကောင်းတဲ့ လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်းဘက်ကို ပြောင်းလဲချင်တယ်ဆိုရင်တော့...မကောင်းတဲ့ မနာလိုစိတ်၊ အမုန်းတရားကို အခြေခံတဲ့ စိတ်တွေကနေ အသိဉာဏ်ပညာနဲ့ ဗြဟ္မစိုရ်တရားကို ဦးတည်တဲ့ ဆက်ဆံတဲ့နည်းစနစ်တွေကို မိမိကိုယ်တိုင်ကစပြီး တခြားသူတွေနဲ့ ကြားကဆက်ဆံရေးတွေမှာ စတင်လေ့ကျင့်သွားဖို့ လိုပါလိမ့်မယ်။ - [စိတ်ကူးယဉ်စစ်ပွဲများ၏ ဟိုမှာဘက်ဆီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250324_ispc022/) - ကလေးတစုကစားကြတော့ ‘မင်းက စစ်သားလုပ်၊ ငါက ပီဒီအဖ်လုပ်မယ်’လို့ ပြောကြသတဲ့။ ... ကျနော်တို့ ငယ်ငယ်ကတော့ ‘ငါက စစ်သားလုပ်မယ်၊ မင်းက သူပုန်လုပ်’ဆိုပြီး ရှိခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ... အခုကျတော့ ကလေးတွေဟာ စစ်သားမဖြစ်ချင်တော့ပါဘူး။ - [အမယ်ဘုတ်ကယ် သူ့ချည်ခင် ဘယ်သူရှင်းလို့ ရှုပ်ရတယ်လေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250314_ispc018/) - CDM တွေကို စော်ကားလိုခြင်းအလျဉ်းမရှိပါဘူး၊ ဒါပေမဲ့ သက်လုံမကောင်းလို့ ရေရှည်မပါနိုင်သူကို မာရသွန်ပြေးပွဲထဲ ဇွတ်တွန်းလွှတ်လိုက်သလိုဖြစ်ခဲ့ပါတယ်။ လမ်းခုလတ်မှာတင် အမောဖောက်ကြရသူတွေ၊ အသက်ပျောက်သူတွေ မနည်းမနောပါ။ - [From Noise to Voice: Encouraging Youth’s Perspectives](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/from-noise-to-voice-encouraging-youths-perspectives/) - ISP-Myanmar’s new program, ISP Column, aims to enrich and diversify the range of topics we cover. We invite external contributors to engage more deeply as today's readership spends more time online than in previous eras. This is not just about passive reading; we encourage active discussion and writing, broadening the scope beyond our usual subjects. In response to these demands, ISP-Myanmar has launched a new webpage, aiming for an open and free blogosphere environment. - [လူချမ်းသာများ အာသာဖြေသည့် ဆင်းရဲတွင်းက ညစ်ညမ်းရုပ်သံ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250206_ispc003/) - သနားညှာတာစိတ်နဲ့ ပေးကမ်းစွန့်ကြဲ ကူညီထောက်ပံ့ခြင်းကို သံမှိုရိုက်သင်ကြားခံရတဲ့ မြန်မာ့လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်းမှာ ဒီလိုအာသာဖြေရတာကို ပိုမက်မောတတ်ကြပါတယ်။ - [ကုသိုလ်တခါ ကင်မရာတရာ - တော်လှန်ရေးနယ်ထဲက အယောင်ဆောင်ပရဟိတ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250210_ispc004/) - လူ့အခွင့်အရေးလို့ တွင်တွင်ပြောနေတဲ့သူတွေက privacy ကိုတောင် မသိချင်ယောင်ဆောင်၊ ethics ဆိုတာ ပျောက်ဆုံး၊ စနစ်ပြောင်းမယ့်သူတွေက informed consent ဆိုတာကိုတောင် သတိမမူအား၊ ခွင့်ပြုချက်မ‌တောင်းဘဲနဲ့ ကင်မရာ shutter သံတဖြောင်းဖြောင်းနဲ့ ရိုက်ကူးနေကြတယ်။ - [လူ့သမိုင်း၏ နောက်ဆုံးပြဇာတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250214_ispc006/) - ကမ္ဘာသစ်မှာ Like တွေ Share တွေရဲ့ ဒိုပါမင်းဓာတ်တွေနဲ့ ကြီးပြင်းလာတဲ့ မျိုးဆက်သစ်တွေဟာ ကျွမ်းကျင်မှုဆိုတာ မလိုအပ်ဘူးလို့ သဘောပေါက်လာကြတယ်။ ယနေ့ကမ္ဘာမှာ အာရုံစိုက်မှုဆိုတာကသာ တကယ့်ငွေကြေးဖြစ်ပြီး ဒါကို ရဖို့အတွက် ဘာမဆို လုပ်ကြမယ်ဆိုပြီး ဆုံးဖြတ်လိုက်ကြတယ်။ - [ခြံစည်းရိုးပေါ်က တော်လှန်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250221_ispc008/) - အာဏာသိမ်းမှုနောက်ပိုင်း စစ်ကောင်စီကို ပြန်မတိုက်ဘဲ စောင့်ကြည့်နေခဲ့ကြတဲ့ တိုင်းရင်းသားလက်နက်ကိုင်အဖွဲ့ (EAO) တွေ ရှိပါတယ်။ အဲဒီလို အဖွဲ့တွေကို free rider တွေလို့ မှတ်ချက်ပြုကြတာ ရှိပါတယ်။ ရေသာခို လှေကြုံစီးသူလို့ ခေါ်ရမယ်ထင်ပါတယ်။ - [လူငယ်တွေကို ဘယ်လိုကယ်ထုတ်မလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250223_ispc009/) - အမေတို့ခေတ်က ဗိုင်းကောင်းကျောက်ဖိအမျိုးသမီးတယောက်လို ညနေ ၆ နာရီလောက်ဆိုရင် ... လမ်းထိပ်ပင် မထွက်ရဲတော့။ ဒါပေမဲ့ ဧည့်စာရင်းအကြောင်းပြ ဖမ်းခေါ်သွားနိုင်တယ်ဆိုတဲ့အသိကလည်း စိတ်ကိုကြိမ်းမောင်းသတိပေးနေပြန်တယ်။ ညဘက် ခွေးဟောင်သံကြားတိုင်း အိမ်အပြင်ဘက် ထချောင်းကြည့်ရတာ စိတ်ပင်ပန်းလွန်းလှတယ်... - [နိုင်ငံရေးသမားကို ဆယ်လီဇာတ်သွင်းခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/isp-column/20250302_ispc012/) - တော်လှန်ရေးကာလမှာ ရန်ပုံငွေရှာဖွေပေးနိုင်တဲ့ အင်အားကြောင့် နိုင်ငံရေးအရ ပြောရေးဆိုခွင့်ရှိသူဆန်ဆန်၊ ခေါင်းဆောင်ဆန်ဆန် ပြောခွင့်အနေအထားတွေရသွား၊ ရှိသွားတာကလည်း စိုးရိမ်ဖွယ်ပါ။ လွန်ခဲ့တဲ့ နှစ်အနည်းငယ်က တော်လှန်‌ရေးအစိုးရ ဝန်ကြီးဆိုသူကပါ တော်လှန်ရေးဆယ်လီ ရန်ပုံငွေရှာဖွေသူတဦးကို ပြန်လည်တောင်းပန်ရတဲ့အထိ ဆယ်လီအရှိန်အဝါက ကြီးလာခဲ့ပါတယ်။ ## Publications - [Between Two Giants: How China and India Maneuver in Myanmar for Security, Economy and Influence](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ISP-OnPoint2026_05_English.pdf#new_tab) - [Six Million : Half of Myanmar’s Students Are Shut Out of School](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/SB2026_01-ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [The Analysis of Conflict Economy in Karen State](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/The-Analysis-of-Conflict-Economy-in-Karen-State.pdf#new_tab) - [Bilateral Ceasefires: Fragmentation of Elusive Peace Process in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Bilateral-Ceasefires_June-2026.pdf#new_tab) - [Justice Under Martial Law Reloaded](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/OP2026_04_English.pdf#new_tab) - [100-Day Plan: Expectations vs. Realities](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/OP2026_03_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [Naypyitawlogy Outlook: Regime Alteration and Four Equilibriums to be Watched](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/OL2026_01_ENGLISH_.pdf#new_tab) - [Global Oil Shock and Myanmar’s Energy Security ](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/OP2026_01_Eng.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP Column: Most Read and Engaged Columns 2025](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Columns-Top10s-ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [The Narcotics Domestication: Myanmar’s Next Generation at Risk](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/RECAPMEMO_11_ENG_01.pdf#new_tab) - [Personalistic Tyranny: The Constitutional Tribunal Amendment](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/GT2026_01-English.pdf#new_tab) - [Karen State’s Conflict Economy and KNA’s Rebranding](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PCET2026_02_E.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP GT2025-01](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ISP_GT2025_01_English.pdf#new_tab) - [The State of Myanmar: ISP–Myanmar’s Annual Strategic Review and Foresight 2025–2026](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SOM01_English_20260131.pdf#new_tab) - [PET2025-01 - Junta Leader Witnesses 7 MoU Deals in China](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ISP_PET2025_01_English.pdf#new_tab) - [Fourth-Generation Officers Rising to the Tatmadaw’s Top Ranks](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/ST2026_01_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [Federal Unit Governance in Myanmar: A Practical Workbook](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/GW_Final.pdf#new_tab) - [FDI Dropped 74% Since the Coup_PCET2026_01](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/PET2026_01-ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [The Best of 2025 Our Audiences’ Top Picks](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Top10_07012026_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [ST2025-05 Junta Leaders’ Constant Shake-Up: 50 Changes of RMC Commanders Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/ST2025_05ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [CST2025-02 - 95 Civilian Massacres Recorded Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/CST2025_02_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [ST2025-04 - AA’s Pursuit of Junta Arms Plants Looks Uncertain](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/ST2025_04_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [FU2025-03 - Political Prisoners Make Up Only 13 Percent of Releases in 18 Amnesties](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FU2025_03_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [PET2025-03 - Myanmar Exported USD 620M Worth of Rare Earths to China in 2025](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/PET2025_03_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [PET2025-02 Trade reporting discrepancy](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/PET2025_02_ENG_Final.pdf#new_tab) - [Raising the Lantern's Wick High](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Raising-the-Lanterns-Wick-High.pdf) - [SB2025-05 - Regime Regains 11 Percent of Lost Ground in Northern Shan](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/SB2025_05_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [The Spirit is Willing, but the Flesh is Weak: The Socioeconomic Cost of Myanmar’s Disrupted Trade Routes](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/RECAPMEMO_10_English.pdf#new_tab) - [PB2025-01 Saving the Consensus: The Future of Multilateral Action on Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ISP_PB2025_01_Eng.pdf#new_tab) - [FU2025-02 Junta’s Northern Offensive Regained Two Towns](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/FU2025_02-Eng.pdf#new_tab) - [SB2025-04 Seizing Banmauk: An Unveiled Face of the Conflict Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ISP_SB2025_04_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [FU2025-01 Fourth-Generation Generals Rise to the Heart of Power](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ISP_FU2025_ENG_01.pdf#new_tab) - [GT2025-02 - Fortune and Risk: The KIO’s Rare Earth Dilemma](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ISP-GTracker_02-Eng.pdf#new_tab) - [CST2025-01 - At least 92 Incidents of Civilian Massacres Recorded in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/CST2025_01_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [SB2025-03 - China Moves First on Ledo Road](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ISP-SB2025_03-ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [Armed Struggle - Will It Lead to Political Resolution?](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/30Min_Recapmemo_E9_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP-ST2025-03 - Potential Heirs: Kyaw Swar Lin and Company Debut in China](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ISP_ST2025_03_Eng.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP On Point No- 27 Pathways to Reform or Further Regression?](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ISP_On-Point_No-27-English.pdf#new_tab) - [Myanmar's Key Stakeholders and their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations - A Survey (2024) - Chinese Version](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ISP_China-Survey_2024_Chinese.pdf#new_tab) - [Myanmar's Key Stakeholders and their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations - A Survey (2024)](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ISP-China-Survey-2024_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP-ST2025-02](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ISP_ST2025_02_English.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP On Point 25 Threading the Needle](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ISP-On-Point_25_Threading-the-Needle_.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP SB2025_002](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ISP-SB2025_002_English.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP ST2025-01](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/ISP_ST2025_01_English.pdf#new_tab) - [ISP SB2025_001](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/ISP-SB2025_001_English.pdf#new_tab) - [On Point 26 English](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/OP26-ENG-17072025.pdf#new_tab) - [Myanmar's Rare Earths: CRIES BEHIND CRITICAL MINERAL](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Recapmemo_8_Eng.pdf#new_tab) - [The March 28 Sagaing Earthquake: Earthquake Diplomacy and Potential Political Aftershocks](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Earthquake_diplomacy_and_potential_political_aftershock.pdf#new_tab) - [Security integration efforts in Myanmar (1945-2010): A historical overview](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication/security-integration-efforts-in-myanmar-1945-2010-a-historical-overview/) - ISP-Myanmar's briefing paper __ December 2018. - [Evolving Preference and Strategy of Tatmadaw Regarding Peace Process in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication/evolving-preference-and-strategy-of-tatmadaw-regarding-peace-process-in-myanmar/) - ISP-Myanmar's briefing paper __ December 2018. - [Assessment on Lawmakers’ understanding of Federal and Democratic Principles in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - Free Download “Assessment on Lawmakers’ understanding of Federal and Democratic Principles in Myanmar”. In the lead up to Myanmar’s 2020 general election, international and local organizations are busy preparing policy-related curriculum for candidates, political parties are also planning trainings for party members and potential candidates. However, given the persistence of challenging policy issues on one hand - [Managing Change: Executive Policymaking in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - Since 2011, Myanmar has undergone a daunting transition from entrenched military rule to a more democratic form of governance that can address longstanding political, economic and social fissures. As the transition continues, what has become increasingly clear is that one of the biggest challenges for the government is how to solve technical problems by crafting - [China’s Multi-layered Engagement Strategy and Myanmar’s Realities: The Best Fit for Beijing Policy Preferences – Report](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication/chinas-multi-layered-engagement-strategy-and-myanmars-realities-the-best-fit-for-beijing-policy-preferences-report/) - The Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar’s new report “China’s Multi-layered Engagement Strategy and Myanmar’s Realities: The Best Fit for Beijing Policy Preferences.” This report identifies China’s preferences toward Myanmar by exploring the various patterns of China’s recent engagement with diverse stakeholders from Myanmar. (Full report) available at Amazon Kindle Store. - [Finding Peace Along the China Myanmar Economic Corridor: Between Short-term Interests and Long-lasting Peace](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - This report analyzes the potential implication of the China Myanmar Economic Corridor on the Myanmar’s on-going peace process. Executive Summary There are two general assumptions that often underpin much of the analysis concerning China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its engagement with Myanmar’s peace process. One, China desires a peaceful Myanmar to realize its - [Conceptualizing China’s Central-Local Nexus: Beijing’s Reposition on Border Issues with Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - This report analyzes different role of central authorities in Beijing and local institutions in Yunnan and how they interact with each other regarding the peace process and border security issues in Myanmar. Executive Summary Since the 2009 Kokang incident, when armed clashes between Myanmar’s Armed Forces, or Tatmadaw and the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army - [Two Years After the Coup: Entrenching the Quagmire](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/OnPoint-12-eng23022023-1.pdf#new_tab) - [The Bricks Have Fallen: Seven Setbacks since the Military Coup, and Rays of Hope for the Society](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/7Summaries-ENG-17022023.pdf#new_tab) - [From Fragility to Peace and Development](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - Free Download - [7 Key questions for the Peace Process](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - [Myanmar's Key Stakeholders and their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar Relations: A Survey 2022](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/China-Survey-English.pdf#new_tab) - [Behind the Trade Gap Between China and Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/EDM-41.pdf#new_tab) - [Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD): The Politics of Integrity and Commitment](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/OnPoint-13-eng-PDF-Format.pdf#new_tab) - [Post-Martial Law Situation, Surge of Rare Earth Minings, and Chinese Special Envoy Trips in the Spotlight](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-010-ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [Post “Grand Opening” of China Emphasizing Border Security and Investment Promotion](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ISP-Explainer-1-eng.pdf#new_tab) - [Chinese Intervention in Myanmar Affairs and Conflict among Kachin People](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-011-ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [40 Political Parties Abolished and Uptick in Diplomatic Visits to Naypyitaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-012-eng-1.pdf) - [SAC's Offensive Opreations Ramp Upin Shan and Kayah States](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DM-42-eng-1.pdf) - [An Increase of Over 2.5 Million IDPs Since the Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Data-matters-43-eng-1.pdf) - [Neighborhood Diplomacy Coming to the Forefront and Military Budget Set to Swell](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-013-eng-1.pdf) - [2,153 Political Prisoners Released after Chinese Foreign Minister Visit to Naypyitaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/EDM-44-1.pdf) - [China’s Policy Reset: Will the SAC Follow China-Driven Political Exit?](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/OnPoint-14-eng.pdf) - [ASEAN Summit and Humanitarian Assistance Prospects](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-014-eng.pdf) - [Recurring Clashes Between EAO-PDF and SAC Forces](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DM-45-7x10-ENG.pdf) - [Cyclone Mocha and Return of El Niño: A Crisis of Climate-Conflict-Humanitarian Triple Nexus in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/OnPoint-15-eng.pdf) - [Aligning with China’s Policy Reset: Revitalizing Trade Routes and Economic Plans in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ISP-Explainer-2-eng-1.pdf) - [Alerted Security in Mae Sot, Thai-Myanmar border in Post-Election: Normal Response?](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-015-eng-1.pdf) - [Puzzle of Official Trade Gap Rises:China and Myanmar Trade Data](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/DM-49-eng-7x10-1.pdf#new_tab) - [Energy Sector: 70% of Total Inflow and Key in Foreign Investment](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DM-46-7x10-eng-2.pdf) - [Inconclusive Mongla Talks and Sagaing Forum’s Federalist Push](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-016-ENG.pdf) - [Counting the Cost: Civilian Deaths Reach Record High in Early 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DM-47-7x10-eng.pdf) - [Pattaya Meeting, and the Inexorable Rise of Rare Earths Mining](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IE-017-eng.pdf) - [A Fragile Economy and Probability of Conflict Resurfacing in Kachin State](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IE-018-eng.pdf) - [SAC’s World Biggest Stupa and Superstitious Number ‘Nine’](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IE-019-eng.pdf#new_tab) - [Prolonged SAC's Rule](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IE-020_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [China and The SAC: More Security and Diplomatic Collaboration](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ISP-Explainer-4-eng.pdf) - [The Reappearance of Aung San Suu Kyi: Her Role and New Play of Political Narrative](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/OnPoint-16-engre.pdf) - [Over 24,000 Houses and Buildings Torched in Early 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DM-48-7x10-eng.pdf#new_tab) - [SAC's Election Plan and China Pays Special Attention](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/ISP-Explainer-5-eng.pdf#new_tab) - [Are People Happy Nowadays?](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IE-021-eng.pdf#new_tab) - [Drowning in the Vicious Cycle of Gambling](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IE-022-eng.pdf) - [Omnipresent: Illicit Drugs Everywhere](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IE-023-eng.pdf) - [Rare Earths Mining Freeze; Chinese Market Squeeze](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ISP-Explainer-7-eng.pdf) - [Post-Coup Arson: 86,000 Homes and Buildings Destroyed](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Data-matters-50-eng.pdf) - [Naypyitawlogy](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IE-024-ENG.pdf) - [A Few Good Men:The Military’s Succession Crisis](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IE-025-English-Version.pdf) - [Beijing Launches Serious Cross-border Arrests in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ISP-Explainer-8-eng.pdf) - [A Flare-Up of War in Northern Shan State](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IE-026-eng-2.pdf) - [Operation 1027: Will All Roads Lead to Laukkai or Naypyitaw?](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/OnPoint-17-eng.pdf) - [A Sustained Economic Decline in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IE-029_ENG_Final-Version.pdf) - [Operation 1027 and Its Consequences](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IE-027-eng.pdf) - [Operation 1027 : China’s Economic Entanglement With Anticipated and Unforeseen Risks](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/OnPoint-18-eng.pdf) - [All Armed and on the Verge of Breakdown](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IE-028_Final-PDF.pdf) - [Operation 1027: The Need for a New Political Imagination and a Pragmatic Strategy](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/OnPoint-19-eng.pdf) - [NAYPYITAWLOGY–3](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/202401231325-ISP-Insight-V02I01-Naypyitawlogy03-ENG.pdf) - [PANDEMONIUM](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240216-ISPOnPoint-020-Conscription-Eng.pdf) - [THE RISE OF PRINCELINGS - 1](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240202-ISP-Insight-V02I02-Princelingseng.pdf#new_tab) - [NAYPYITAWLOGY-4](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ISP-Insight-V02N03-Eng.pdf) - [THE RISE OF PRINCELINGS - 2](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/20240315-ISP-Insight-V02N04-Princelings-2-ENG.pdf) - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino-Myanmar relations A Survey 2023](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/20240402_CS2023-ENG-Key-Findings.pdf) - [Unpacking the Political Economy of Myanmar’s Civil War](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/20240424-PEMap-Pages.pdf) - [Survey - Chinese Version](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/20240410_CS2023_Brief_CHI.pdf) - [Introduction to Sino-Myanmar Relations Survey 2023 Perceptions of Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/30M-Recap-Memo-01-ENG.pdf) - [Naypyitawlogy: Three Words Characterizing Naypyitaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Naypyitawlogy-Event-Recap-Memo_ENG.pdf) - [Myanmar’s Key Stakeholders and Their Perceptions of Sino–Myanmar Relations - A Survey (2023)](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ISP-China-Survey-2023-Full-Report-ENGLISH.pdf) - [Breathless in Adversity: The Strangling Effects of Conscription Law on Socioeconomic Hardship](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/30-Minutes-with-the-ISP_Breathless-in-Adversity-ENG.pdf) - [The Political Economy of Myanmar’s Conflict: Analyzing the Pros and Cons of De-escalation Through Economic Incentives](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20241008_ISP_OnPoint_22_Political_Economy_of_Myanmars_Conflict_ENG__.pdf) - [Budalin Tragedy and Further Atrocities Committed by the SAC](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mapping-71-Eng.pdf) - [Making Data Speak](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/30MinWithTheISP_Event4_Making-Data-Speak_ENG.pdf) - [Naypyitawlogy-5](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2024082200-ISP-Insight-V02N05-Naypyitawlogy-5-ENG_.pdf) - [OnPoint 021 China Process](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/20240827-ISPOnPoint-021-China_Process_ENG.pdf) - [The Terror Twins of Climate and Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20241029-ISP-Insight-Email-V02I06-The-Terror-Twins-of-Climate-and-Conflict_ENG.pdf) - [Sanctions with Chinese Characteristics: The Case of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/30MinWithTheISP_Event5_Sanctions-with-Chinese-Characteristics_ENG.pdf) - [Political Prisoners Made Up 8.6 Percent of 16 Amnesties](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Amnesty-Data-Jan2025-eng.pdf#new_tab) - [30M Event_7 Scam Cancer in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250319_30M_Event_7_Scam_Cancer_in_Myanmar_ENG.pdf) - [Rare Earth Mining in Myanmar’s War-Torn Regions](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Rare-Earth-Mining-in-Myanmars-War-Torn-Regions.pdf) - [80 Civilian Massacres In Post-Coup Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Massacres_May_12_and_13_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [Conflict Economy Myanmar Rare Earth](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Conflict_Economy_Myanmar_Rare_Earth_ENG.pdf) - [O’ Northern Road: Subcontracting Sovereignty](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/20251505_OP24_ENG.pdf#new_tab) - [Opinion Poll Report](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/20240910_ISPSurvey_Myanmar_Facing_the_Tailspin.pdf#new_tab) - [Semi Annual Report: Dual Burdens on Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/20241224_Semi-Annual-Report_Dual_Burdens_on_Women_Eng.pdf#new_tab) - [2024's Deepest Wounds Found in Women](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/20250207_30M_Event_6_2024s-Deepest-Wounds-Found-in-Women_English.pdf#new_tab) - [Top Picks 2024](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Top-Picks-2024-IE-V03-N01-ENGLISH.pdf#new_tab) - [Politics of Civil Society in Hybrid Regime (MMRQ Vol 1, No 1)](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/) - The Myanmar Quarterly Vol.1, No.1. October, 2016. Politics of Civil Society in Hybrid Regime Burma/Myanmar has entered its second phase of political transition, shifting power from the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) government to the elected National League for Democracy (NLD) party led by Aung San Suu Kyi in April 2016. Contrary - [Process, Sequence, and Equilibrium in Myanmar’s Federal Democratic State Formation: Tentative Proposals (MMRQ Vol 1, No 2)](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/) - The Myanmar Quarterly Vol – 1, No 2. February - March, 2017. Page - 401 Process, Sequence, and Equilibrium in Myanmar’s Federal Democratic State Formation: Tentative Proposals Content I. Editor’s Note II. Foreword by Donald L. Horowitz III. Cover Stories, Interviews and Book Reviews Cover Stories (a) Process, Sequence, and Equilibrium in Myanmar’s Federal Democratic - [An assessment of Myanmar’s political transition: Success and Challenges (MMRQ Vol 1, No 3)](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication/an-assessment-of-myanmars-political-transition-success-and-challenges-mmrq-vol-1-no-3/) - Content I. Editor's Note II. Foreword by Dan Slater III. Cover Stories, Interviews and Book Reviews Cover Stories (a) Factors influencing success and failure of democratic transition and policy proposal for Myanmar by Aung Thu Nyein (b) Transitions, Transformations and Critical Junctures in Myanmar and Beyond by Camilla Buzzi (c) One year experience with the - [Social Justice: Seeking Fairness in Myanmar's Diverse Society (MMRQ Vol 1, No 4)](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication/social-justice-seeking-fairness-in-myanmars-diverse-society-mmrq-vol-1-no-4/) - Editor’s note The current issue of Myanmar Quarterly covers the concept of “social justice” from several perspectives. Social justice is a critical element for addressing important issues in Myanmar that range from constitutional reform and ethnic equality to labor and land rights and policies for resources and environmental management. In contemporary Myanmar society, we find - [Myanmar 2050](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - Free Download - [ISP-Myanmar Special Series (No-1) (COVID 19 & Myanmar)](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication/isp-myanmar-special-series-no-1-covid-19-myanmar/) - Free Download - [ISP-Myanmar Special Series (No-2) (COVID 19 & Myanmar)](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication/isp-myanmar-special-series-no-2-covid-19-myanmar/) - Free Download - [ISP-Myanmar Special Series (No-3) (COVID 19 & Myanmar)](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - Free Download - [ISP-Myanmar Special Series (No-4) (COVID 19 & Myanmar)](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - Free Download - [ISP-Myanmar Special Series (No-5) (COVID 19 & Myanmar)](https://ispmyanmar.com/community/isp-publications/#new_tab) - Free Download - [2023 - Milestones Through the Year](https://ispmyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/IE-030-Eng.pdf#new_tab) ## Categories - [Mapping](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/isp-mapping/) - [Insight Email](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/insight-email/) - [Data Matters](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/data-matters/) - [ISP OnPoint](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/isps-onpoint/) - [Explainers](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/explainers/) - [ISP Clips](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/isp-clips/) - [Opinion](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/opinion/) - [News](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/news/) - [What Matters](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/what-matters/) - [Special Features](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/special-features/) - [Analysis](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/analysis/) - [Visual Explainers](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/visual-explainer/) - [Print](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/print/) - [Reports](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/reports/) - [Commentaries](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/commentaries/) - [Broadcast](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/broadcast/) - [The ISP Team](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/isp-team/) - [Papers](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/papers/) - [Myanmar Quarterly Journal](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/myanmar-quarterly-journal/) - [Publications](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/publications/) - [Latest & Noted Updates](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/latest-noted-updates/) - [Media Room](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/media-room/) - [Yaw Min Gyi Zayat](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/yaw-min-gyi-zayat/) - [Policy Editorial](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/policy-editorial/) - [Timeline](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/timeline/) - [Survey](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/survey/) - [Key Findings](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/key-findings/) - [Research](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/research/) - [What ISP Is Reading](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/what-isp-is-reading/) - [Recap Memo](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/recap-memo/) - [Trends To Watch](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/trends-to-watch/) - [Key Takeaway](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/key-takeaway/) - [ISP Shorts](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/isp-shorts/) - [Spotlights](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/spotlights/) - [ISP Column](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/isp-column/) - [Backgrounder](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/backgrounder/) - [Situation Brief](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/situation-brief/) - [Tracker](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/tracker/) - [Flash Updates](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/flash-updates/) - [Policy Brief](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/policy-brief/) - [State of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/state-of-myanmar/) - [Outlook](https://ispmyanmar.com/category/outlook/) ## Tags - [ISP DATA MATTERS](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/isp-data-matters-2/) - [isp-team](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/isp-team/) - [21 Century Panglong](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/21-century-panglong/) - [ISP Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/isp-myanmar/) - [Min Zin](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/min-zin/) - [Nation-building](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/nation-building/) - [media room](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/media-room/) - [print](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/print/) - [broadcast](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/broadcast/) - [symposium](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/symposium/) - [talk show](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/talk-show/) - [yaw min gyi](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/yaw-min-gyi/) - [Civil Society](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/civil-society/) - [Climate Change](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/climate-change/) - [Gender Equality](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/gender-equality/) - [Myanmar Military](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/myanmar-military/) - [Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/conflict/) - [Laukkai](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/laukkai/) - [Clashes](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/clashes/) - [2021 Military Coup](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/2021-military-coup/) - [Online Scam (Kyar Phyant)](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/kyar-phyant/) - [Election](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/election/) - [Poverty Porn](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/poverty-porn/) - [Bridge Education Program](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/bridge-education-program/) - [ပြည်ထောင်စု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပြည်ထောင်စု/) - [ဇော်ဂျီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဇော်ဂျီ/) - [ဖက်ဒရယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဖက်ဒရယ်/) - [အခြေခံဥပဒေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အခြေခံဥပဒေ/) - [Social Media](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/social-media/) - [ကျားဖြန့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကျားဖြန့်/) - [အဂတိ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အဂတိ/) - [အွန်လိုင်းလိမ်လည်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အွန်လိုင်းလိမ်လည်မှု/) - [အကျင့်ပျက်ခြစား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အကျင့်ပျက်ခြစား/) - [အရှေ့တောင်အာရှ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အရှေ့တောင်အာရှ/) - [ကယန်းပြည်သစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကယန်းပြည်သစ်/) - [တော်လှန်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တော်လှန်ရေး/) - [လူမျိုးစု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမျိုးစု/) - [ကရင်နီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကရင်နီ/) - [တိုင်းရင်းသားလက်နက်ကိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တိုင်းရင်းသားလက်နက်ကို/) - [စစ်မှုထမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်မှုထမ်း/) - [ပေါ်တာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပေါ်တာ/) - [အတင်းအဓမ္မ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အတင်းအဓမ္မ/) - [စစ်သားသစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်သားသစ်/) - [လူငယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူငယ်/) - [လုံခြုံရေးကုမ္ပဏီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လုံခြုံရေးကုမ္ပဏီ/) - [လိုင်စင်ရလက်နက်ကိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လိုင်စင်ရလက်နက်ကိုင်/) - [တရုတ်ရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တရုတ်ရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံ/) - [သေနတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သေနတ်/) - [လူမှုပတ်ဝန်းကျင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုပတ်ဝန်းကျင်/) - [ယဉ်ကျေးမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ယဉ်ကျေးမှု/) - [ဓလေ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဓလေ့/) - [စရိုက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စရိုက်/) - [အနုပညာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အနုပညာ/) - [ဆယ်လီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆယ်လီ/) - [နိုင်ငံရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံရေး/) - [ကျော်ကြားမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကျော်ကြားမှု/) - [စိတ်ကျန်းမာရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စိတ်ကျန်းမာရေး/) - [ဖိစီးမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဖိစီးမှု/) - [စိတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စိတ်/) - [ကျန်းမာရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကျန်းမာရေး/) - [နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေး/) - [သံဃာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သံဃာ/) - [စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်အာဏာသိမ်းမှု/) - [သဘောထားအမြင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သဘောထားအမြင်/) - [အောင်မြင်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အောင်မြင်မှု/) - [ခေါင်းဆောင်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ခေါင်းဆောင်မှု/) - [CDM](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/cdm/) - [Non-CDM](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/non-cdm/) - [စစ်ကောင်စီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်ကောင်စီ/) - [ခွဲခြားဆက်ဆံမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ခွဲခြားဆက်ဆံမှု/) - [TNLA](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/tnla/) - [KIA](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/kia/) - [နယ်မြေအငြင်းပွားမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နယ်မြေအငြင်းပွားမှု/) - [ပဋိပက္ခ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပဋိပက္ခ/) - [အညာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အညာ/) - [ဆွေးနွေးငြင်းခုံ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆွေးနွေးငြင်းခုံ/) - [စာပေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စာပေ/) - [တုံ့ပြန်ခွင့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တုံ့ပြန်ခွင့်/) - [အယ်ဒီတာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အယ်ဒီတာ/) - [စာဖတ်သူ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စာဖတ်သူ/) - [အကြမ်းဖက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အကြမ်းဖက်/) - [လက်နက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လက်နက်/) - [စစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်/) - [တရားမျှတမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တရားမျှတမှု/) - [ကလေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကလေး/) - [ကစား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကစား/) - [လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်း/) - [ဒဿန](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဒဿန/) - [ဆက်ဆံရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆက်ဆံရေး/) - [သဘာဝဘေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သဘာဝဘေး/) - [ပြန်လည်ထူထောင်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပြန်လည်ထူထောင်ရေး/) - [ငလျင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ငလျင်/) - [ဆက်သွယ်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆက်သွယ်ရေး/) - [နည်းပညာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နည်းပညာ/) - [သတင်းအချက်အလက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သတင်းအချက်အလက်/) - [Junta](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/junta/) - [Min Aung Hlaing](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/min-aung-hlaing/) - [ကူညီကယ်ဆယ်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကူညီကယ်ဆယ်ရေး/) - [ပရဟိတ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပရဟိတ/) - [လူမှုရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုရေး/) - [ပညာရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပညာရေး/) - [စီမံခန့်ခွဲမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စီမံခန့်ခွဲမှု/) - [စာမေးပွဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စာမေးပွဲ/) - [တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်း/) - [China Power](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/china-power/) - [Lashio](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/lashio/) - [Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/myanmar/) - [Security](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/security/) - [MNDAA](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/mndaa/) - [Armed ethnic conflict in Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/armed-ethnic-conflict-in-myanmar/) - [Myanmar armed resistance](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/myanmar-armed-resistance/) - [ရခိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရခိုင်/) - [အေအေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အေအေ/) - [လူ့အခွင့်အရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူ့အခွင့်အရေး/) - [လွတ်လပ်စွာထုတ်ဖော်ပြောဆိုခွင့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လွတ်လပ်စွာထုတ်ဖော်ပြော/) - [လူမှုစီးပွား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုစီးပွား/) - [စစ်ဘေးရှောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်ဘေးရှောင်/) - [ပြည်သူလူထု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပြည်သူလူထု/) - [Political Prisoners](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/political-prisoners/) - [အမျိုးသမီး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အမျိုးသမီး/) - [နေရပ်ရွှေ့ပြောင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နေရပ်ရွှေ့ပြောင်း/) - [ပြစ်ဒဏ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပြစ်ဒဏ်/) - [ကလေးသူငယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကလေးသူငယ်/) - [အခြေခံအဆောက်အအုံ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အခြေခံအဆောက်အအုံ/) - [စံချိန်စံညွှန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စံချိန်စံညွှန်း/) - [အာဆီယံ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အာဆီယံ/) - [မြန်မာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မြန်မာ/) - [တွေ့ဆုံဆွေးနွေးရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တွေ့ဆုံဆွေးနွေးရေး/) - [နိုင်ငံရေးအကျဉ်းသား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံရေးအကျဉ်းသား/) - [ရိုဟင်ဂျာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရိုဟင်ဂျာ/) - [နေထိုင်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နေထိုင်မှု/) - [အခြေခံပညာရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အခြေခံပညာရေး/) - [အနာဂတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အနာဂတ်/) - [မြို့ပြလူမှုဘဝ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မြို့ပြလူမှုဘဝ/) - [ရန်ကုန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရန်ကုန်/) - [ဆင်းရဲနွမ်းပါးမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆင်းရဲနွမ်းပါးမှု/) - [ဆင်းရဲချမ်းသာကွာဟမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆင်းရဲချမ်းသာကွာဟမှု/) - [Rare Earths](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/rare-earth/) - [Conflict Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/conflict-economy/) - [China Studies](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/china-studies/) - [လိင်အကြမ်းဖက်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လိင်အကြမ်းဖက်မှု/) - [စစ်သုံ့ပန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်သုံ့ပန်း/) - [တရားစီရင်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တရားစီရင်ရေး/) - [EAOs](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/eaos/) - [FPNCC](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/fpncc/) - [မရေရာမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မရေရာမှု/) - [ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ/) - [အကျပ်ရိုက်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အကျပ်ရိုက်မှု/) - [Profile](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/profile/) - [အရှေ့အလယ်ပိုင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အရှေ့အလယ်ပိုင်း/) - [နိုင်ငံတကာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံတကာ/) - [လူမှုပြစ်ဒဏ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုပြစ်ဒဏ်/) - [ဇာတ်ကြောင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဇာတ်ကြောင်း/) - [ဝါဒဖြန့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဝါဒဖြန့်/) - [အရပ်သား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အရပ်သား/) - [ကျားဖြန့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကျားဖြန့်-2/) - [ထိုင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ထိုင်း/) - [တရုတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တရုတ်/) - [စစ်တွေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်တွေ/) - [သမိုင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သမိုင်း/) - [စစ်တမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်တမ်း/) - [စီးပွားရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စီးပွားရေး/) - [နိုင်ငံရေးဘောဂဗေဒ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံရေးဘောဂဗေဒ/) - [လောင်းကစား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လောင်းကစား/) - [တရားဥပဒေစိုးမိုးမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တရားဥပဒေစိုးမိုးမှု/) - [Stakeholder Tracker](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/stakeholder-tracker/) - [အလုပ်အကိုင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အလုပ်အကိုင်/) - [နိုင်ငံရေးပါတီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံရေးပါတီ/) - [အရပ်ဘက်စစ်ဘက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အရပ်ဘက်စစ်ဘက်/) - [စစ်ကော်မရှင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်ကော်မရှင်/) - [အစိုးရအဖွဲ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အစိုးရအဖွဲ့/) - [NUG](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/nug/) - [ဥပဒေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဥပဒေ/) - [မျိုးစေ့](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မျိုးစေ့/) - [စိုက်ပျိုးရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စိုက်ပျိုးရေး/) - [စစ်ပွဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်ပွဲ/) - [ကျေးလက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကျေးလက်/) - [Governance Tracker](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/governance-tracker/) - [မြေရှား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မြေရှား/) - [အိန္ဒိယ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အိန္ဒိယ/) - [သတ္တုတူးဖော်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သတ္တုတူးဖော်မှု/) - [ရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံမှု/) - [AA](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/aa/) - [အမေရိကန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အမေရိကန်/) - [သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သဘာဝပတ်ဝန်းကျင်/) - [KNU](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/knu/) - [မတရားအသင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မတရားအသင်း/) - [NCA](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/nca/) - [SCO](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/sco/) - [မဟာမိတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မဟာမိတ်/) - [အဖျော်ယမကာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အဖျော်ယမကာ/) - [သပိတ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သပိတ်/) - [တိုင်းရင်းသား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တိုင်းရင်းသား/) - [ကယန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကယန်း/) - [စစ်တပ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်တပ်/) - [ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်/) - [Political Economy Tracker](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/political-economy-tracker/) - [Conflict & Security Tracker](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/conflict-security-tracker/) - [စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်ခေါင်းဆောင်/) - [ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး/) - [စစ်ဘေးဒုက္ခသည်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်ဘေးဒုက္ခသည်/) - [ရုရှား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရုရှား/) - [သံတမန်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သံတမန်ရေး/) - [အာဏာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အာဏာ/) - [Flash Updates](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/flash-updates/) - [လီဒိုလမ်းမ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လီဒိုလမ်းမ/) - [လမ်းပန်းဆက်သွယ်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လမ်းပန်းဆက်သွယ်ရေး/) - [Situation Brief](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/situation-brief/) - [လွတ်မြောက်နယ်မြေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လွတ်မြောက်နယ်မြေ/) - [အခွင့်အရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အခွင့်အရေး/) - [Covid-19 and Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/covid-19-and-myanmar/) - [နယ်မြေစိုးမိုးမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နယ်မြေစိုးမိုးမှု/) - [အောင်ပွဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အောင်ပွဲ/) - [စစ်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်ရေး/) - [လုံခြုံရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လုံခြုံရေး/) - [ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်/) - [ASEAN](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/asean/) - [ဆိုရှယ်မီဒီယာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆိုရှယ်မီဒီယာ/) - [စုံလင်ကွဲပြားမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စုံလင်ကွဲပြားမှု/) - [ရွှေ့ပြောင်းလုပ်သား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရွှေ့ပြောင်းလုပ်သား/) - [အလုပ်သမား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အလုပ်သမား/) - [သယံဇာတ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သယံဇာတ/) - [တနင်္သာရီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တနင်္သာရီ/) - [တောင်လှန်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တောင်လှန်ရေး/) - [ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်/) - [နယ်စပ်ဖြတ်ကျော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နယ်စပ်ဖြတ်ကျော်/) - [ရာဇဝတ်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရာဇဝတ်မှု/) - [ခရီး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ခရီး/) - [၂၀၂၆](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/၂၀၂၆/) - [အားကစား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အားကစား/) - [မွန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မွန်/) - [ဘုရားပွဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဘုရားပွဲ/) - [အရပ်သားကာကွယ်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အရပ်သားကာကွယ်ရေး/) - [ဒီဂျစ်တယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဒီဂျစ်တယ်/) - [အကြမ်းဖက်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အကြမ်းဖက်မှု/) - [လူ့ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူ့ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာ/) - [ပုဂ္ဂလိကလုံခြုံရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပုဂ္ဂလိကလုံခြုံရေး/) - [စီမံကိန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စီမံကိန်း/) - [ပြည်တွင်းစစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပြည်တွင်းစစ်/) - [ဒီမိုကရေစီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဒီမိုကရေစီ/) - [Naypyitawlogy](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/naypyitawlogy/) - [ဆီးရီးယား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဆီးရီးယား/) - [လွတ်လပ်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လွတ်လပ်ရေး/) - [စစ်အာဏာရှင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်အာဏာရှင်/) - [ဗရော်နီကာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဗရော်နီကာ/) - [ပထဝီနိုင်ငံရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပထဝီနိုင်ငံရေး/) - [ပြည်ပအကူအညီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပြည်ပအကူအညီ/) - [အိမ်နီးချင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အိမ်နီးချင်း/) - [လူမှုလှုပ်ရှားမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုလှုပ်ရှားမှု/) - [နိုင်ငံ့ဝန်ထမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံ့ဝန်ထမ်း/) - [သမ္မတ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သမ္မတ/) - [မြစ်ဆုံစီမံကိန်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မြစ်ဆုံစီမံကိန်း/) - [ကချင်ပြည်နယ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကချင်ပြည်နယ်/) - [ဧရာဝတီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဧရာဝတီ/) - [4th Generation Tatmadaw](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/4th-generation-tatmadaw/) - [ထောက်လှမ်းရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ထောက်လှမ်းရေး/) - [Year End Review](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/year-end-review/) - [မီဒီယာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မီဒီယာ/) - [ဇာတ်ကြောင်းပုံပြင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဇာတ်ကြောင်းပုံပြင်/) - [အမှန်တရား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အမှန်တရား/) - [လူမျိုးရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမျိုးရေး/) - [ICJ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/icj/) - [ဘာသာရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဘာသာရေး/) - [အတွေးသစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အတွေးသစ်/) - [အယူအဆသစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အယူအဆသစ်/) - [ISP Column](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/isp-column/) - [စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်မှု/) - [အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်း/) - [အတိုင်ပင်ခံ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အတိုင်ပင်ခံ/) - [ပုဂ္ဂလိကကျောင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပုဂ္ဂလိကကျောင်း/) - [တက္ကသိုလ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တက္ကသိုလ်/) - [နွေးဦး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နွေးဦး/) - [သင်္ကြန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သင်္ကြန်/) - [နေရပ်စွန့်ခွာမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နေရပ်စွန့်ခွာမှု/) - [မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါး/) - [ပဋိပက္ခစီးပွားရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ပဋိပက္ခစီးပွားရေး/) - [စစ်စီးပွားရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စစ်စီးပွားရေး/) - [Soft Power](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/soft-power/) - [သပိတ်မှောက်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သပိတ်မှောက်မှု/) - [စက်သုံးဆီ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စက်သုံးဆီ/) - [စွမ်းအင်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စွမ်းအင်/) - [NLD](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/nld/) - [တပ်ပေါင်းစုဖွဲ့မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တပ်ပေါင်းစုဖွဲ့မှု/) - [လောင်စာ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လောင်စာ/) - [မသန်စွမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မသန်စွမ်း/) - [လူသားအရင်းအမြစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူသားအရင်းအမြစ်/) - [လူမှုကွန်ရက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုကွန်ရက်/) - [အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အသွင်ကူးပြောင်းရေး/) - [SRA](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/sra/) - [နိုင်ငံရေးဇာတ်ကြောင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံရေးဇာတ်ကြောင်း/) - [PDF](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/pdf/) - [တပ်ပြေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တပ်ပြေး/) - [ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး/) - [ဧရာဝတီမြစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဧရာဝတီမြစ်/) - [မြစ်ကြီးနား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မြစ်ကြီးနား/) - [SCEF](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/scef/) - [ရာထူးအပြောင်းအလဲ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရာထူးအပြောင်းအလဲ/) - [ကိုယ်ကျင့်တာဝန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကိုယ်ကျင့်တာဝန်/) - [အကျိုးစီးပွား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အကျိုးစီးပွား/) - [လက်နက်ကိုင်တော်လှန်ရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လက်နက်ကိုင်တော်လှန်ရေး/) - [မူဝါဒ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မူဝါဒ/) - [နေပြည်တော်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နေပြည်တော်/) - [မျှော်လင့်ချက်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မျှော်လင့်ချက်/) - [မိသားစု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မိသားစု/) - [ငယ်ဘဝ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ငယ်ဘဝ/) - [လုပ်အား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လုပ်အား/) - [အမြတ်ထုတ်မှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အမြတ်ထုတ်မှု/) - [အလုပ်သမားအခွင့်အရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အလုပ်သမားအခွင့်အရေး/) - [စေတနာ့ဝန်ထမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စေတနာ့ဝန်ထမ်း/) - [မူပိုင်ခွင့်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မူပိုင်ခွင့်/) - [လာဘ်ပေးလာဘ်ယူ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လာဘ်ပေးလာဘ်ယူ/) - [အယ်လ်နီညို](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အယ်လ်နီညို/) - [လူမှုဘဝ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုဘဝ/) - [ရှင်သန်ခြင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ရှင်သန်ခြင်း/) - [အာဏာရှင်စနစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အာဏာရှင်စနစ်/) - [မီဇိုရမ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မီဇိုရမ်/) - [ချင်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ချင်း/) - [နယ်စပ်ဒေသ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နယ်စပ်ဒေသ/) - [နိုင်ငံတကာဆက်ဆံရေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/နိုင်ငံတကာဆက်ဆံရေး/) - [စလော့ဂိမ်း](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/စလော့ဂိမ်း/) - [မျိုးဆက်သစ်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/မျိုးဆက်သစ်/) - [အခွန်](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/အခွန်/) - [သက်ငယ်မုဒိမ်းမှု](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/သက်ငယ်မုဒိမ်းမှု/) - [ကြားနေ](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ကြားနေ/) - [လူမှုအရင်းအနှီး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/လူမှုအရင်းအနှီး/) - [ဥတုဘေး](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/ဥတုဘေး/) - [တောင်သူလယ်သမား](https://ispmyanmar.com/tag/တောင်သူလယ်သမား/) ## Column Categories - [News](https://ispmyanmar.com/column-category/news/) - [Rebuttal](https://ispmyanmar.com/column-category/rebuttal/) - [Analysis](https://ispmyanmar.com/column-category/analysis/) - [Critique](https://ispmyanmar.com/column-category/critique/) - [Essay](https://ispmyanmar.com/column-category/essay/) - [POV](https://ispmyanmar.com/column-category/pov/) ## Event Categories - [Talkshows](https://ispmyanmar.com/events/talkshows/) - [Symposiums](https://ispmyanmar.com/events/symposiums/) - [Briefings](https://ispmyanmar.com/events/briefings/) - [30 Minutes With The ISP](https://ispmyanmar.com/events/30-minutes-with-the-isp/) ## Publication Tags - [Myanmar Quarterly](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/myanmar-quarterly/) - [Special Series](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/special-series/) - [Yaw Min Gyi Zayat](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/yaw-min-gyi-zayat/) - [Socioeconomic](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/socioeconomic/) - [China Studies](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/china-studies/) - [Climate](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/climate/) - [Conflict Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/conflict-economy/) - [Conflict Peace & Security](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/conflict-peace-security/) - [Naypyitawlogy](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/naypyitawlogy/) - [The Rise of Princelings](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/the-rise-of-princelings/) - [Research Network](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/research-network/) - [Politics](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/politics/) - [Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/economy/) - [Stakeholder Tracker](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/stakeholder-tracker/) - [ASEAN](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/asean/) - [Special Features](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_tag/special-features/) ## Publication Types - [ISP Journal](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-journal/) - [ISP Research](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-research/) - [ISP OnPoint](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-onpoint/) - [ISP DataMatters](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-datamatters/) - [ISP Special Edition](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-special-edition/) - [ISP Insight Email](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-insight-email/) - [ISP Explainer](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-explainer/) - [ISP Mapping](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/isp-mapping/) - [Survey](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/survey/) - [Event Recap Memo](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/event-recap-memo/) - [Report](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/report/) - [Analysis](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/analysis/) - [Situation Brief](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/situation-brief/) - [Tracker](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/tracker/) - [Flash Updates](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/flash-updates/) - [Policy Brief](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/policy-brief/) - [Year End Review](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/year-end-review/) - [State of Myanmar](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/state-of-myanmar/) - [Outlook](https://ispmyanmar.com/publication_type/outlook/) ## Topics - [China Studies](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/china-studies/) - [Conflict, Peace & Security](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/conflict-peace-security/) - [Human Rights Violations](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/human-rights-violations/) - [Other](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/other/) - [Research Network](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/research-network/) - [Naypyitawlogy](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/naypyitawlogy/) - [The Rise of Princelings](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/the-rise-of-princelings/) - [Socioeconomic Studies](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/socioeconomic-studies/) - [Conflict Economy](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/conflict-economy/) - [Climate Conflict Nexus](https://ispmyanmar.com/topic/climate/) ## Hashtags - [#ArakanArmy](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=arakanarmy) - [#Laukkai](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=laukkai) - [#Ta’ang #Territorial](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=taang-territorial) - [#Sagaing #ShanState](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=sagaing-shanstate) - [#Humanitarian #Sagaing](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=humanitarian-sagaing) - [#SecurityIndex](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=securityindex) - [#Nationwide Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=nationwide-conflict) - [#Operation1027](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=operation1027) - [#KarenniDefenseForces](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=karennidefenseforces) - [#Sagaing](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=sagaing) - [#Conflict](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=conflict) - [#Clashes](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=clashes) - [Bridge Education Program](https://ispmyanmar.com/?hashtags=bridge-education-program)