Conflict, Peace & Security

Protracted Civil Wars: Three Key Factors

International researchers generally agree that civil wars and, sectarian conflicts within a country, are less likely to be resolved when compared to wars and conflicts between separate nation states (Mason & Fett, 1996). The root causes of civil wars are also generally different from the reasons two nations might go to war with each other.. Researcher Elshelmani (2015) has identified three key factors that can prolong a civil war—1) limited capacity for compromise between different sides/factions, 2) fragmentation and internal rivalry within one side/faction (e.g. rivalry between hardliners and moderates within each party involved in the conflict), and 3) the presence of interests dependent on the continuation of violence.

issue:47, 10 Sep 2021

What Matters

Battles, Civilian Deaths, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

Various forms of mass protest against injustice have occurred across Myanmar since the military staged a coup d’état on February 1, 2021. Protests are still ongoing in a variety of different forms. In addition, armed conflicts are occurring between the Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and State Administration Council (SAC) forces in ethnic regions where those EAOs are based. Simultaneously, fighting between the People’s Defense Forces (PDFs) and SAC forces also erupted in some areas. When the National Unity Government (NUG) declared a state of emergency on September 7, urging the whole country to launch defensive armed resistance, more armed resistance activities emerged and there was an increase in clashes across the country.

Battles, civilian casualties, refugees and internally displaced persons – IDPs

(The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on June 24, 2021.) Download as PDF Version After the coup d’état on February 1, 2021, various forms of mass protests calling for justice erupted across Myanmar. The protests are still happening. At the same time, ongoing armed conflicts take place between ethnic armed […]

Battles, Civilian Deaths, and Internally Displaced People (IDPs) In Minority Ethnic Areas

Followed by the February 1, 2021, military coup d’état, numerous forms of mass movements calling for justice have raged across the country. At the same time, armed fighting between the ethnic armed resistance groups and troops of the military coup council have continued in the minority ethnic areas where the ethnic armed organizations are based.

Battles, civilian casualties, and internally displaced people (IDPs) in the minority ethnic areas

What Matters No. 17 (The original Burmese version was published on the ISP-Myanmar Facebook page on April 10, 2021.) ∎Key findings in brief Since the military coup d’état on February 1, 2021, there have been various forms of mass protests erupted across the country. Simultaneously, armed conflicts occur continuously between ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and […]